[雙語翻譯]校園暴力外文翻譯--墨西哥北部大學(xué)的暴力和暴力類型

1、2100 英文單詞， 英文單詞，1.1 萬英文字符，中文 萬英文字符，中文 3350 字文獻(xiàn)出處： 文獻(xiàn)出處：Tijerina M C T, Gonzalezsalazar F. Violence and types of violence in a northern Mexico university[J]. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2014, 132:466-472.Vi

2、olence and types of violence in Northern Mexico UniversityMaría Concepción Treviño Tijerina, María Elena de la Cruz Maldonado, Francisco Gonzalez-SalazarAbstractIn current times were violence affects

3、different populations and social and religious groups, universities are having various manifestations of internal violence. This cross sectional study was designed to identify the amount and type of violence that exists

4、in a university from the north of Mexico. A likert survey with 120 reagents was applied in a representative sample of 545 students from the faculties. The prevalence of violence was above twenty percent, social rejection

5、 is the most common type of violence, followed by verbal violence and direct physical assault.Keywords: Violence, bullying, battered women, aggression, sexual abuse, universities.1. IntroductionViolence is considered a s

6、ocial health problem of international dimensions, present in different social strata and in various types of relationships (Hall, 2012). In the last decade of the last century until presently, concern about acts of viole

7、nce among peers in schools has been growing. As a result, the World Health Organization has incorporated programs and called for changes in health policy to counteract this problem (Strabstein, 2010).The objective of the

8、se interventions is to stop peer violence and keep students free of suffering, among other things, extortion and / or harassment (Eisenberg, 2005).School violence is a complex phenomenon that affects school life as a who

9、le, causes learning difficulties and generates damage to both the victims and perpetrators (Varela, J. 2011).School violence, known as bullying, consists in the deliberate practice of harassment, domination and abuse (p

10、hysical and psychological) in detriment of the most vulnerable students, that is repeated during the school term.Ortega (2000) explains school violence exists when: a person or group of people is insulted, physically as

11、saulted socially excluded or isolated , harassed, threatened or frightened by another, with impunity. If these behaviours are repeated, the victim is involved in a defenceless psychological, physical or social situation.

12、Meanwhile, Varela, J. (2011) draws on the definition developed by the World Health Organization (WHO), to consider school violence as “any action that falls within the school’s scope of influence by direct act or omissio

13、n, whether by threat or actual damage, that has the intention to harm another or that has a high probability to cause an injury, death or psychological harm, development disorders or deprivation” (p. 66).Finally it can b

14、e said that bullying includes repeated negative actions for a long time, or attempts to inflict intentional harm, by one or more students against another through unbalanced force (Scheithauer, Hayer, Petermann & Juge

15、rt, 2006).1.1. Types of ViolenceMany studies have focused on the study of the types of bullying (Andreu, Ramirez & The study is quantitative, transversal and comparative analytical in a sample of students enrolled in

16、 any of the medical field degrees of the UANL from January to June 2013, in the states of Monterrey, and Nuevo Leon. To meet the objectives of the research, a Likert-style survey with 120 participants was designed. It wa

17、s printed on paper and distributed to students who agreed to participate by providing the required information on a sheet of cells. The implementation of the survey was carried out in participating schools through profes

18、sors. The demographic data of the students was included in the survey.2.2. Study PopulationThe population considered for this study were students of any semester, enrolled in different degrees in the Autonomous Universit

19、y of Nuevo Leon, in the period of January to June 2013.2.3. Inclusion criteriaStudents from the Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, enrolled in the semester of January to June 2013 that agreed to participate in the stud

20、y and signed and informed consent.2.4. Exclusion criteriaStudents without registration, with an irregular academic situation, or that were in an exchange program in others campus or universities.2.5. Elimination crit

21、eriaIncorrectly or partially filled surveys.2.6. SampleThe sample was calculated proportionally according to the number of students enrolled in the faculties in the previous period of Aug -Dec 2012.2.7. Sample sizeThe sa

22、mple size was calculated with a reliability of 95% and with a maximum error of 1.5%. A total of 545 students were calculated.2.8. Statistical analysis.The results obtained were collected in a database program developed i

23、n Excel for their further analysis using the IBM SPSS Statistics 20. Traditional statistics such as measures of central tendency (mean, median, and mode), measures of dispersion (variance, standard deviation and coeffici

24、ent of variation) and measures of position (quartiles, quintiles, and deciles) were obtained.The study values were contrasted with hypothesis tests for means and proportions, as appropriate for each type of variable (qua

25、ntitative and qualitative respectively) at a 95% confidence level. The establishment of associations and correlations was performed using the techniques by Pearson- Spearman Ji2. A p value grater that 0.05 was considered

26、 in order to determine differences in the proportions of the means or proportions between groups.2.9. Ethical Aspects.This study is registered in the research and bioethics committee of the Faculty of Dentistry at the Un

27、iversity of Nuevo Leon. This type of research is of minimal risk to people. All data and source documents were handled with discretion and confidentiality. The main criteria of respect, dignity and confidentiality rights