[雙語翻譯]網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪外文翻譯--新興國家網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪的財務(wù)和非財務(wù)影響（英文）

1、 Procedia Economics and Finance 32 ( 2015 ) 618 – 621 2212-5671 © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/license

2、s/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Asociatia Grupul Roman de Cercetari in Finante Corporatiste doi: 10.1016/S2212-5671(15)01440-9 ScienceDirectAvailable online at www.sciencedirect.comEm

3、erging Markets Queries in Finance and Business Financial and non-financial implications of cybercrimes in emerging countries Mihail Antonescua, Ramona Bir?ub * a Spiru Haret University, Faculty of Accounting and Financ

4、ial Management, Craiova, Romania bConstantin Brâncu?i University of Târgu Jiu, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Romania Abstract This article aims to investigate financial and non-financial im

5、plications of cybercrimes in emerging countries. In a globalized world, is very difficult to quantify in a precise manner the economic impact of cybercrimes. Nevertheless, there are significant differences among financ

6、ial and non-financial implications of cybercrime attacks. Despite widespread awareness, the vulnerability of emerging countries regarding cybersecurity surveys is still very high. © 2015 Authors. Published by Elsev

7、ier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Emerging Markets Queries in Finance and

8、Business local organization. Keywords: cybercrimes; intellectual property; business confidential information; identity theft; financial fraud; cybersecurity; 1. Introduction In a globalized economy, the risk of cybercri

9、me attacks is highly significant and for this particular reason it should not be ignored. A current feature of cyber crimes is their accelerated spread in emerging economies. Moreover, financial and non-financial impli

10、cations of cybercrimes in emerging countries provide a research framework of great current interest in order to identify potential implications for business environment. Technically, the essential idea suggests that ce

11、rtain system vulnerabilities are fraudulently exploited despite the implementation of cyber-security measures. * Corresponding author.: Tel. +40-767-970-777 E-mail address: birauramona@yahoo.com. © 2015 The Autho

12、rs. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Asociatia Grupul Roman d

13、e Cercetari in Finante Corporatiste620 Mihail Antonescu and Ramona Bir?u / Procedia Economics and Finance 32 ( 2015 ) 618 – 621 3. Dissemination research The World Bank provides the following classification of

14、countries for the current fiscal year (2015) based on the World Bank Atlas method, using as a criterion the GNI per capita level (2013) : low-income economies ($1,045 or less), middle-income economies (more than $1,045

15、 but less than $12,746), and high-income economies ($12,746 or more). Moreover, lower-middle-income and upper-middle-income economies are differentiated at a GNI per capita of $4,125. In addition, the concept of devel

16、oping (emerging) countries includes low- and middle-income countries noting that not every country in this category have the same level of development. According to Standard & Poor's Financial Services approac

17、h, the global classification of markets includes the following subcategories : developed, emerging and frontier. Likewise, MSCI Country Classification based on the Annual Market Classification Review provides a similar

18、 market classification, ie : developed, emerging and frontier. In the following table is presented the nominal classification of emerging markets, such as : Table 1 Emerging markets classification Americas Europe, Midd

19、le East and Africa Asia Brazil Czech Republic China Chile Egypt India Colombia Greece Indonesia Mexico Hungary Korea Peru Quatar Malaysia - Russia Philippines - South Africa Taiwan - Turkey Thailand - U

20、nited Arab Emirates - Source : MSCI Country Classification, Annual Market Classification Review Generally, cybercrime includes a wide range of illegal activities such as : cyber bullying, cyber terrorism, identity thef

21、t, cyber stalking, virtual pornography (via the Internet), cyber espionage (illegally obtaining confidential data), computer hacking, computer fraud, online harassment, phishing, online piracy, blackmailing proceeding,

22、 cyber extortion, spam attacks, copyright infringement, computer virus programs (installing malicious software programs such as Trojan horse viruses). Beyond inherent advantages, global liberalization and international

23、 integration provide a conducive environment for obtaining reprehensible illegal benefits based on complex activities related to cyber crimes, especially in terms of emerging countries. In the last decade, cybercrimina

24、ls became increasingly perfectionists due to modern technology and the capacity of computer applications. Moreover, the methods used by cyber criminals are very sophisticated and ingenious, depending on particular skil

25、ls and final purpose. The major vulnerability is represented by computer or computer system as a whole. Nevertheless, one of the most dangerous scenario involves ignoring the destructive potential of cyber attacks. The

26、oretically, panic is non-productive but it is quite necessary to treat seriously the impending cybercrime risks in order to avoid potential major losses. The prospective victims often neglect the idea of cyber crime an

27、d its extremely varied negative implications. The transmission channels of cyber crimes include certain components of the Internet, ie : e-mails, websites (in particular e-commerce sites), chat rooms, discussion groups