[雙語翻譯]文翻譯—虛擬世界中的青少年犯罪：荷蘭使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪、依賴網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪和線下犯罪的異同（節(jié)選）

1、字?jǐn)?shù)：英文 字?jǐn)?shù)：英文 3172 3172 單詞， 單詞，18497 18497 字符；中文 字符；中文 5758 5758 漢字 漢字出處： 出處：Rokven Rokven J J, J, Weijters Weijters G, G, Beerthuizen Beerthuizen M G C J, J, et et al. al. Juvenile Juvenile Delinquency Delinquency in in t

2、he the Virtual Virtual World: World: Similarities Similarities and and Differences Differences between between Cyber-Enabled, Cyber-Enabled, Cyber-Dependent Cyber-Dependent and and Offline Offline Delinquents Delinquents

3、 in in the the Netherlands[J]. Netherlands[J]. International International Journal Journal of of Cyber Cyber Criminology, Criminology, 2018.12(1):27-46 2018.12(1):27-46外文文獻(xiàn) 外文文獻(xiàn) Juvenile Delinquency in the Virtual W

4、orld: Similarities and Differences between Cyber-Enabled, Cyber-Dependent and Offline Delinquents in the NetherlandsAbstract This study examines similarities and differences between juvenile delinquents of self-reporte

5、d cyber- enabled offenses, cyber-dependent offenses, and offline offenses. The study builds on past studies by examining a broad range of online and offline offenses among a national probability sample of Dutch juveniles

6、 aged 12-17 years old. Results show that juveniles who report both offline and online offenses have the most high-risk profile. Within the group online delinquents, juveniles who commit both cyber-dependent and cyber-ena

7、bled offenses have the highest risk profile. The results further indicate that cyber-dependent delinquents are a distinct group from online delinquents.Keywords: Online offending, cyber crime, cyber-dependent crime, cybe

8、r-enabled crime, risk and promotive factors.IntroductionSince 2007 police census data have shown a sharp decline in juvenile crime in 2009; Yar, 2005a). To the best of our knowledge, only one study has focused on a broad

9、er range of online offenses, whilst also including offline offenses (Donner, Jennings & Banfield, 2015). Donner and colleagues found that online delinquents were often prone to offline delinquency as well. However, t

10、hese findings are based on a sample from a specific population, namely undergraduate college students in the US. The question is whether their results can be generalized to a national probability sample of juveniles.In t

11、he current study, we build on previous research by first investigating the extent to which cyber-enabled and cyber-dependent delinquents differ from each other, and secondly the extent to which they differ from offline d

12、elinquents. Studying types of online delinquents and their similarities and differences with traditional offline delinquents is important, because if online delinquents are similar to offline delinquents, the same preven

13、tion methods could be used for both. However, if differences emerge within and between groups, different approaches regarding prevention and forensic treatment may be required.To study potential differences between cyber

14、-enabled, cyber-dependent, and offline delinquents, we used the Youth Delinquency Survey (YDS), a cross-sectional self- reported study on a national probability sample of juveniles from the Netherlands (see Van der Laan,

15、 Blom & Kleemans, 2009). The YDS contains detailed information on both self- reported online and offline delinquency, and on risk and promotive factors that are related to traditional offline delinquency. Risk factor

16、s increase the likelihood of delinquency, whereas promotive factors decrease this likelihood. Determining the differences between cyber-enabled and cyber-dependent delinquents, and determining the extent to which online

17、delinquents differ from offline delinquents, is done by examining these risk and promotive factors. The main research questions of this study are: What distinguishes juvenile delinquents of cyber-enabled offenses from ju