疲勞駕駛外文翻譯---駕駛疲勞的檢測(cè)與防治技術(shù) 英文

1、PROCEEDINGS?of?the?First?International?Driving?Symposium?on?Human?Factors?in?Driver?Assessment,?Training?and?Vehicle?Design?? ?81TECHNOLOGIES?FOR?THE?MONITORING?AND?PREVENTION?OF?DRIVER?FATIGUE? ? Anneke?Heitmann,?Rainer

2、?Guttkuhn,?Acacia?Aguirre,?Udo?Trutschel,?Martin?Moore-Ede? Circadian?Technologies,?Inc.? Lexington,?MA?02421,?USA? ? ? Summary:? A? series? of? driving? simulation? pilot? studies? on? various? technologies?for?alertnes

3、s?monitoring?(head?position?sensor,?eye-gaze?system),? fitness-for-duty? testing? (two? pupil-based? systems),? and? alertness? promotion? (in-seat? vibration? system)? has? been? conducted? in? Circadian? Technologies’?

4、 Alertness? Testbed.? ? The? results? indicate? that,? all? tested? technologies? show? promise? for? monitoring/testing? or? preventing? driver? fatigue,? respectively.? However,?particularly?for?fatigue?monitoring,?no?

5、single?measure?alone?may?be? sensitive?and?reliable?enough?to?quantify?driver?fatigue.??Since?alertness?is?a? complex?phenomenon,?a?multi-parametric?approach?needs?to?be?used.??Such?a? multi-sensor?approach?imposes?chall

6、enges?for?online?data?interpretation.??We? suggest?using?a?neural-fuzzy?hybrid?system?for?the?automatic?assessment?of? complex?data?streams?for?driver?fatigue.??The?final?system?output?can?then?be? used?to?trigger?the?ac

7、tivation?of?alertness?countermeasures.? ? INTRODUCTION? ? Driver?fatigue?has?become?acknowledged?as?the?most?significant?safety?hazard?in?the? transportation?industry.??This?has?stimulated?an?extensive?international?rese

8、arch?program?on? driver?fatigue?causes?and?countermeasures.??A?recent?comprehensive?analysis?of?the?world’s? literature?shows?the?emphasis?is?moving?from?investigations?of?causes?to?studies?of?specific? countermeasures.?

9、?Before?1993?only?20%?of?published?work?was?on?countermeasures,?but?now? the?balance?has?changed?with?63%?of?current?projects?focusing?on?countermeasures.?This?driver? fatigue?literature?database?has?recently?been?compil

10、ed?and?made?publicly?available?and? searchable?on?the?Internet?by?Circadian?Technologies?(www.circadian.com).? ? The?most?active?area?of?research?has?become?the?development?and?validation?of?technological? tools?for?meas

11、uring?and?preventing?driver?fatigue.??Circadian?Technologies?has?established?a? Driver?Alertness?Testbed?for?testing,?validating?and?refining?such?technological?tools?(see?below? for?details).??A?series?of?pilot?studies?

12、on?various?technologies?for?measuring?and?preventing? fatigue?has?been?conducted,?and?a?representative?cross-section?of?the?results?will?be?presented? here.? ? METHODS? ? The?Tested?Driver?Fatigue?Technologies? ? Alertne

13、ss-monitoring?technologies.??Two?potential?alertness-monitoring?technologies?were? tested:?a?head?position?sensor?system?(Figure?1)?and?an?eye-gaze?system?(Figure?2).??The?head? position?sensor?system?MINDSTM?(Advanced?S

14、afety?Concepts,?Inc.)?is?conceptually?designed?to? detect?microsleep?events?occurring?in?association?with?head?nodding?by?assessing?the?x,?y,?and?z? coordinates?of?the?head?through?conductivity?measurements.??The?Eye-Gaz

15、e?system?(LC?PROCEEDINGS?of?the?First?International?Driving?Symposium?on?Human?Factors?in?Driver?Assessment,?Training?and?Vehicle?Design?? ?83Fatigue?countermeasure?technologies.??An?in-seat?vibration?system?was?tested?a

16、s?a?potential? driver?fatigue?countermeasure.??This?TACTTM?technology?(InSeat?Solutions,?LLC)?was?applied? in?two?different?delivery?modes:?random?signal?and?triggered?signal?(initiated?online?by?the? experimenter?based?

17、on?behavioral?sleepiness?signs?such?as?prolonged?eye?closures).? ? The?CTI?Alertness?Testbed? ? Circadian?Technologies’?Alertness?Testbed?uses?a?multi-parametric?approach?including? performance??measures?in?driving?simul

18、ator?and?other?vigilance?tasks,?physiological?sleepiness? measures?(EEG?microsleep?events),?behavioral?signs?of?sleepiness?(e.g.,?prolonged?eye?closures,? multiple?blinks,?head?nodding,?yawning?etc.),?and?subjective?slee

19、piness?measures?(e.g.,?Visual? Analog?Sleepiness?Scales,?Thayer?Activation-Deactivation?Checklist).??Typically,?the?driver? alertness?testbed?is?used?to?simulate?driver?fatigue?in?overnight?protocols?with?sleep?deprived?

20、 volunteers?motivated?by?payments?for?safe?driving?performance.??Volunteers?participate?in?a? series?of?test?sessions?with?each?session?including?a?30-50?minute?driving?task?and?other? performance?and?alertness?tests.??E

21、lectrophysiological?signals?(four?EEG?channels,?two?EOG? channels,?EMG,?ECG)?are?continuously?recorded?throughout?the?experiment,?and?the?subject’s? face?is?video-taped?during?each?driving?session.??Table?1?summarizes?th

22、e?test?protocols?and? subject?information?for?the?pilot?studies.? ?Pilot?Study??Experimental? Time?Period?Number?of??Test?Sessions?Per?Experiment?Subjects?? MINDSTM?Eyegaze?? 2200-0900? 0100-0800?? 8? 7?? ?4?(25-32?years

23、)? 11(20-34?years)?SafetyScopeTM?? 1400-0700? 9? ?6?(22-33?years)?Mayo?Pupillometry?System? 1000-1100? 13? ?5?(25-32?years)?TACTTM?-?I? 0100-0800? 7?? ?3?(21-28?years)?? 3?test?nights?per?subject?TACTTM?-?II? 2200-0900?

24、8? ?4?(25-32?years)? ?? Table?1:?Test?Protocols?and?Subject?Information?for?the?Pilot?Studies.? ? RESULTS? ? MINDSTM?Head?Position?Sensor?Study? ? Comparisons?between?the?MINDS?data?and?simultaneous?video?recordings?show

25、ed?that?head? nodding?is?clearly?visible?in?the?MINDS?data.??Figure?5?illustrates?a?raw?data?example?for?a? period?including?an?EEG?microsleep?event?characterized?by?increased?activity?in?the?EEG?alpha? band?8-12.5?Hz.??