曼昆經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理中文第四版 答案33

1、第 33 33 章《貨幣財(cái)政政策對(duì)總需求的影響》 章《貨幣財(cái)政政策對(duì)總需求的影響》(2008-10-12 20:08:59)標(biāo)簽：雜談 分類：《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理》習(xí)題選答復(fù)習(xí)題： 復(fù)習(xí)題：1. What is the theory of liquidity preference? How does it help explain the downward slope of the aggregatedemand

2、 curve?答：所謂流動(dòng)性偏好，是指人們?cè)敢庖载泿呕虼婵畹姆绞奖４嬉恍┴?cái)富，其動(dòng)機(jī)可能是交易、謹(jǐn)慎或投機(jī)。流動(dòng)性偏好理論，是凱恩斯的利率決定理論。按照這個(gè)理論，總需求曲線向下傾斜是因?yàn)椋篴, 較高的價(jià)格水平提高了貨幣需求 b, 較高的貨幣需求導(dǎo)致較高的利率。c,較高的利率減少了產(chǎn)品和貨物的消費(fèi)需求。價(jià)格水平和需求量負(fù)相關(guān)。2. Use the theory of liquidity preference to explain how

3、a decrease in the money supply affects the aggregate demand curve.答：減少貨幣供應(yīng)，使貨幣供應(yīng)曲線和貨幣需求曲線相交在高處，即導(dǎo)致利率提高，利率提高減少了消費(fèi)和投資，所以總需求下降。最后，總需求曲線向左移。3. The government spends $3 billion to buy police cars. Explain why aggr

4、egate demand might increase by more than $3 billion. Explain why aggregate demand mightincrease by less than $3 billion.答：乘數(shù)效應(yīng)，可能使總需求增加大于 3 十億。擠出效應(yīng)，是指政府支出，導(dǎo)致利率提高，抑制需求的效應(yīng)?？赡苁箍傂枨笤黾有∮? 十億。4. Suppose that survey measure

5、s of consumer confidence indicate a wave of pessimism is sweeping the country. If policymakers do nothing, what will happen toaggregate demand? What should the Fed do if it wants to stabilize aggregate demand? If

6、 the Fed does nothing, what might Congress do to stabilize aggregate demand? 悲觀情緒蔓延，如果政府不介入，對(duì)總需求有何影響？Fed 如何穩(wěn)定總需求？如果 Fed 沒(méi)有行動(dòng)，國(guó)會(huì)如何作？答：悲觀情緒蔓延，家庭消費(fèi)支出減少，公司投資下降，導(dǎo)致總需求下降。Fed 應(yīng)該增加貨幣供應(yīng)，降低利率，使家庭少儲(chǔ)蓄，多消費(fèi)，激勵(lì)公司多投資，這些都增加了

7、總需求。如果 Fed 無(wú)行動(dòng)，國(guó)會(huì)應(yīng)該減稅和增加政府購(gòu)買，以增加總需求。d. Households decide to hold more money to use for holiday shopping.答：e. A wave of optimism boosts business investment and expands aggregate demand.答：f. An increase in oil prices

8、 shifts the short-run aggregate-supply curve to the left.答：油價(jià)上漲，導(dǎo)致總供給曲線上移，物價(jià)水平提高，貨幣供應(yīng)量增加。2. Suppose banks install automatic teller machines on every block and, by making cash readily available, reduce the amo

9、unt of money people want to hold. ATM 設(shè)立在了每個(gè)街區(qū)，減少了貨幣需求量。a. Assume the Fed does not change the money supply. According to the theory of liquidity preference, what happens to the interest rate? What happens toaggreg