曼昆經(jīng)濟學原理中文第四版 答案33

1、第 33 33 章《貨幣財政政策對總需求的影響》 章《貨幣財政政策對總需求的影響》(2008-10-12 20:08:59)標簽：雜談 分類：《經(jīng)濟學原理》習題選答復習題： 復習題：1. What is the theory of liquidity preference? How does it help explain the downward slope of the aggregatedemand

2、 curve?答：所謂流動性偏好，是指人們愿意以貨幣或存款的方式保存一些財富，其動機可能是交易、謹慎或投機。流動性偏好理論，是凱恩斯的利率決定理論。按照這個理論，總需求曲線向下傾斜是因為：a, 較高的價格水平提高了貨幣需求 b, 較高的貨幣需求導致較高的利率。c,較高的利率減少了產(chǎn)品和貨物的消費需求。價格水平和需求量負相關。2. Use the theory of liquidity preference to explain how

3、a decrease in the money supply affects the aggregate demand curve.答：減少貨幣供應，使貨幣供應曲線和貨幣需求曲線相交在高處，即導致利率提高，利率提高減少了消費和投資，所以總需求下降。最后，總需求曲線向左移。3. The government spends $3 billion to buy police cars. Explain why aggr

4、egate demand might increase by more than $3 billion. Explain why aggregate demand mightincrease by less than $3 billion.答：乘數(shù)效應，可能使總需求增加大于 3 十億。擠出效應，是指政府支出，導致利率提高，抑制需求的效應。可能使總需求增加小于3 十億。4. Suppose that survey measure

5、s of consumer confidence indicate a wave of pessimism is sweeping the country. If policymakers do nothing, what will happen toaggregate demand? What should the Fed do if it wants to stabilize aggregate demand? If

6、 the Fed does nothing, what might Congress do to stabilize aggregate demand? 悲觀情緒蔓延，如果政府不介入，對總需求有何影響？Fed 如何穩(wěn)定總需求？如果 Fed 沒有行動，國會如何作？答：悲觀情緒蔓延，家庭消費支出減少，公司投資下降，導致總需求下降。Fed 應該增加貨幣供應，降低利率，使家庭少儲蓄，多消費，激勵公司多投資，這些都增加了

7、總需求。如果 Fed 無行動，國會應該減稅和增加政府購買，以增加總需求。d. Households decide to hold more money to use for holiday shopping.答：e. A wave of optimism boosts business investment and expands aggregate demand.答：f. An increase in oil prices

8、 shifts the short-run aggregate-supply curve to the left.答：油價上漲，導致總供給曲線上移，物價水平提高，貨幣供應量增加。2. Suppose banks install automatic teller machines on every block and, by making cash readily available, reduce the amo

9、unt of money people want to hold. ATM 設立在了每個街區(qū)，減少了貨幣需求量。a. Assume the Fed does not change the money supply. According to the theory of liquidity preference, what happens to the interest rate? What happens toaggreg