普通話輕聲的感知實(shí)驗(yàn).pdf

1、論文題目：普通話輕聲的感知實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)科專業(yè)：漢語(yǔ)言文字學(xué)學(xué)位申請(qǐng)人：楊敏指導(dǎo)老師：劉民鋼教授摘要本文結(jié)合語(yǔ)音實(shí)驗(yàn)和心理學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法和手段，通過(guò)對(duì)Praat等軟件合成的“雙音節(jié)非輕聲雙音節(jié)輕聲“聲音刺激連續(xù)體進(jìn)行“語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)義”匹配選擇的感知實(shí)驗(yàn)，探明了音高、音色、音長(zhǎng)、音強(qiáng)四種物理因素在對(duì)普通話二字組輕聲感知中的作用及影響方式，并基于實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果對(duì)輕聲的物理屬性提出了一些看法。本文共分為五章。緒論重點(diǎn)介紹了各項(xiàng)研究背景、前人的研究方法。第一章“實(shí)驗(yàn)

2、設(shè)計(jì)及流程”主要介紹語(yǔ)音刺激的制作和實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)的流程，在制作聲音刺激連續(xù)體時(shí)，實(shí)驗(yàn)一共將音高調(diào)型分為平調(diào)、降調(diào)、升調(diào)三個(gè)步長(zhǎng)臺(tái)階，各臺(tái)階下變化音高的起點(diǎn)值和終點(diǎn)值；音色分為非輕聲音色和非輕聲音色兩個(gè)臺(tái)階；音長(zhǎng)分為原被測(cè)音節(jié)音長(zhǎng)的04倍、06倍、08倍三個(gè)臺(tái)階；音強(qiáng)臺(tái)階共有兩個(gè)，即原非輕聲后字音節(jié)的音強(qiáng)減弱10dB、20dB，改變音色的音節(jié)音強(qiáng)增強(qiáng)10dB、20dB。實(shí)驗(yàn)一共分為三個(gè)小實(shí)驗(yàn)，被試需要對(duì)隨機(jī)播放的聲音刺激進(jìn)行“語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)義’’的匹

3、配選擇，實(shí)驗(yàn)中共有4組輕聲與非輕聲的對(duì)立組，即：東西東西、媒人沒(méi)人、買賣買賣、部分部分。第二章“實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的采集”是將實(shí)驗(yàn)所得到的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行整合，統(tǒng)計(jì)q鍵個(gè)數(shù)比率，并按照聲音刺激被測(cè)音節(jié)物理因素改變情況分類，以便第三章的數(shù)據(jù)分析。第三章“數(shù)據(jù)分析及討論“通過(guò)不同因素改變后所得的q值比率極值比較探明了音高、音色、音長(zhǎng)、音強(qiáng)對(duì)輕聲感知的作用大?。阂舾咴谳p聲感知中起主要作用，音色作用次之，音強(qiáng)作用最弱：通過(guò)雙因素分析法探明了音高和音強(qiáng)、音高和音長(zhǎng)

4、對(duì)于輕聲感知不存在交互作用；通過(guò)圖表法分析各因素對(duì)輕聲感知的作用方式，探明了：降調(diào)音節(jié)更易被感知為輕聲，首字音高為上聲時(shí)，平調(diào)音節(jié)也易被感知為輕聲；接近輕聲音色的音節(jié)更易被感知為輕聲；音節(jié)音長(zhǎng)越短，被感知為輕聲的比率就越高：音節(jié)的音強(qiáng)值越低，越容易被感知為輕聲。且淮安組和北京組的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果一致性較強(qiáng)。第四章“結(jié)論”對(duì)本文研究所得的各項(xiàng)結(jié)論進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，并指出了本文的不足之處。本文在前人的研究基礎(chǔ)上繼續(xù)探究普通話輕聲感知過(guò)程中各超音段的作用，

5、AbstractWhichone，F(xiàn)Ocontour，time，tonequaldtyorintensity，isthemostimportantfeatureinperceptionondoublesyllableneutraltonewordsAfteralongperiodofresearch，thisquestionstillremainsThepapercombinesphoneticsandpsychologyexperim

6、entmethodtogethertoanalyzehowthesefourfactorsworkThispapertakesamatchingexperimentofvoicestimulusandsemantictosuggestmyopiniononphysicsqualitybasedontheresultsThepaperisdividedintofivechaptersBeforethetextappears，weintro

7、ducemanyfundamentalknowledgeandthemeasuresthatearlierresearchershaveta：kenFirstchapterExperimentaldesignandtheprocessmainlydescribesthewaystosynthesissoundcontinuumsandtheprocessofexperimentIntheexperiment，tone。paRernisd

8、ividedintothreekindsofadjustment，thatislateralmoves，fallingtoneandrisingtoneWechangedinitialfundamentalfrequencyvalueandTcrrninalfundamentalfrequencyvalueunderthethreepaRernsTonequalityisdividedintonon。neutralandneutralq

9、ualityDurationisdividedinto3parts，including04time06timeand08timeAsforIntensitythereare2types，oneisdiminished10dBOr20dBoftheoriginalnonneutraltonesyllables，theotherisincreasedlOdBor20dBofthechangedTheexperimentincludesthr

10、eeparts，Participant。Smissionistodeterminetlle‘matchingtospeechandmeaning’Thereare4groupsinoppositeofneutralandnon—neutraltonesyllables，thosearedongxi，meiren，maimaiandbufenChaptertwo，Collectionofexperimentaldata，whichinte

11、gratestheexperimentdatacountstheq—valueratio，andclassifiestheqvalueratioinaccordancewiththephysicalfactorsofsoundmeasuredsyllablechangedinordertoanalyzethedatainChapterThreeChapterthree，Analysisanddiscussiononthedatabase

12、，Weexploretheeffectsofpitch，tonequalitydurationandintensitybycomparingtheqvalueratioatdifferentfactorsintheperceptionexperimentTheresultisthatpitchplaysamajorroleinperception，tonefollowed，theweakestissoundintensityAccord

13、ingtotheProventwofactoranalysismethod，wecanknowitisnotsignificantinteractionbetweenthepitchandduration，pitchandintensityWhat’smore，fallingtonesyllablesaremorevulnerabletobeperceivedasneutraltonesyllableswhenfirstsyllable

14、isthirdtone，postcrizationalsyllableiseasilyperceivedasneutral；syllableswhichclosetotheneutraltoneiseasiertobeperceivedaSneutral；moreshorterofthesyllablelength，morehighertherateofsyllabicperceivedasaneutraltoneMore10w貫int