環(huán)境民事公益訴訟管轄問題研究.pdf

1、環(huán)境民事公益訴訟管轄問題研究 1 內(nèi)容摘要 社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展，帶來了一系列的社會問題，其中尤以環(huán)境問題最為嚴(yán)峻。當(dāng)前，我國的環(huán)境污染問題嚴(yán)重，單純的依靠行政手段來保護(hù)環(huán)境的方式已經(jīng)難以滿足公眾對環(huán)境公共利益維護(hù)的需求， 運(yùn)用司法途徑解決當(dāng)前污染環(huán)境的嚴(yán)重問題也因此成為一種趨勢，環(huán)境公益訴訟應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。目前，世界范圍內(nèi)，許多國家和地區(qū)都建立了環(huán)境公益訴訟制度并制定了一套專門的訴訟機(jī)制。在我國，環(huán)境民事公益訴訟制度雖在司法實(shí)踐中嘗試已久，但

2、在法律中得到明確時(shí)間極短，相關(guān)的配套機(jī)制在立法上仍是空白狀態(tài)，僅部分地方發(fā)布了地方規(guī)范性文件對地方適用這一制度進(jìn)行探索和實(shí)踐。 目前，我國還沒有制定環(huán)境民事公益訴訟的專門訴訟機(jī)制，如何確定具體案件的管轄法院，除少數(shù)地方適用地方規(guī)范性文件外，多采用傳統(tǒng)民事訴訟關(guān)于管轄的規(guī)定。然而，傳統(tǒng)民事訴訟的管轄制度是否適用于新型的環(huán)境民事公益訴訟，如果適用，在適用過程中又會有什么障礙，目前尚存疑問。文章從典型的環(huán)境民事公益訴訟案件的考察入手，引發(fā)對管

3、轄問題的思考，繼而采用比較研究的方法，分析傳統(tǒng)的民事訴訟管轄制度在與新型的環(huán)境民事公益訴訟銜接時(shí)存在的問題，從而提出解決問題的對策：在級別管轄上，以明確級別管轄的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為前提，由中級人民法院和設(shè)立環(huán)保法庭的基層人民法院一審管轄為主；在地域管轄上，應(yīng)當(dāng)實(shí)行專屬管轄，并由侵權(quán)行為實(shí)施地法院管轄；嚴(yán)格限制管轄權(quán)下放性轉(zhuǎn)移。 全文共分為四個(gè)部分： 第一部分介紹國內(nèi)兩起典型的環(huán)境民事公益訴訟案件， 分別從傳統(tǒng)民事訴訟和地方規(guī)范性文件對于案件管轄法院

4、的規(guī)定兩個(gè)角度分析兩個(gè)案例管轄中存在的合理與不合理之處。在此基礎(chǔ)上，指出了我國民事訴訟中存在著諸多問題：傳統(tǒng)的級別管轄標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不適用于環(huán)境民事公益訴訟、容易導(dǎo)致級別管轄受到規(guī)避、基層人民法院管轄案件缺乏資源保障；傳統(tǒng)的地域管轄標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不利于環(huán)境民事公益訴訟社會公正性的體現(xiàn)、不利于人民法院行使審判權(quán)；指定管轄的規(guī)定容易導(dǎo)致案件審理時(shí)間被拖延，不利于案件的及時(shí)審結(jié)，造成司法資源的浪費(fèi)。 第二部分展開我國環(huán)境民事公益訴訟級別管轄的問題研究。 以傳統(tǒng)民

5、事訴訟級別管環(huán)境民事公益訴訟管轄問題研究 Abstract The development of economy lead to a series of social issues, one of which is the deteriorating environment. The administrative measures alone to guard the environment has failed to address

6、the ongoing problems of our country. Thus, environmental public litigation, a trendy solution on the judicial level, was brought in. Many nations (or regions) have instituted special litigation mechanism on the environme

7、ntal public litigation globally. Despite such litigation system has been practiced for while in the judicial system and local regulations into exploring the system, with a recent formal legislation, it’s still lack of su

8、pporting legislated mechanism on the national level. Because of the absence of pertinent environmental civil public litigation, the jurisdiction of the system follows the one in routine civil procedure except for adopti

9、ng special litigation in some local parts. However, the general jurisdiction in the civil procedure is susceptible to cause problems with new environmental civil public litigation. From the typical cases of environmental

10、 civil public litigation suits, the paper analyzes the existing problems of inconsistency between traditional civil procedure and environmental civil public litigation with comparative study. It holds that with the premi

11、se of clear level of jurisdiction, the intermediate courts and the lower courts with environmental protection should have the jurisdiction. On the territorial jurisdiction, the lawsuit shall be placed under the jurisdict

12、ion of lower court where tort is committed. The paper consists of 4 parts. The first part introduces 2 typical environmental class action cases and rational and irrational parts of jurisdictions from the perspectives of

13、traditional civil procedure and jurisdictions in local regulations. It points out the inconsistency of jurisdiction standards between the new environmental civil public litigation and the traditional procedure, the possi

14、ble evasion of level of jurisdiction, the absence of support for the lower court. The usual traditional territorial jurisdiction does disservice to the justice of environmental class action and judicial authority. The de

15、signated jurisdiction could stall the period of adjudication which results in the waste of judicial resources. The second part emphasizes on the level of jurisdiction of environmental civil public litigation. It researc

16、hes into the innovative practices of various environmental civil public litigation with the traditional level of jurisdiction as comparison. It believes that jurisdiction of environmental civil public litigation should b