試論宋畫(huà)之空靈美對(duì)當(dāng)代工筆人物畫(huà)之影響.pdf

1、試論宋畫(huà)之空靈美對(duì)當(dāng)代工筆人物畫(huà)之影響I論文題目：試論宋畫(huà)之空靈美對(duì)當(dāng)代工筆人物畫(huà)之影響專 業(yè)：美術(shù)碩 士生：雷銀銀指導(dǎo)老師：張小琴 教授摘要宋畫(huà)中的空靈之美是中國(guó)繪畫(huà)非常重要的美學(xué)思想之一，主要源于道家和禪宗哲學(xué)，自隋唐到兩宋，空靈美學(xué)達(dá)到興盛。主要源于宋代所提出的“崇文抑武”和 “理學(xué)”思想的影響較大?！俺缥囊治洹笔沟梦幕辛烁蟮陌l(fā)展空間；而“理學(xué)”兼容并包的吸收了道家、玄學(xué)、佛學(xué)思想，使得理學(xué)更加思辨和哲學(xué)化。在這樣的社會(huì)背景和

2、歷史根源下使得宋代文化空前繁榮。主要表現(xiàn)在文學(xué)、繪畫(huà)、宋瓷、琴曲等方面，尤以繪畫(huà)為代表的空靈之美最具典型性。宋畫(huà)所體現(xiàn)出的空靈之美，在南宋山水中體現(xiàn)的最為精妙，南宋山水較之北宋山水的磅礴雄渾在意境上給人的感覺(jué)則以幽深、開(kāi)闊、靜謐為主，即空靈之美。這種意境最為后世所尊崇。巧妙的運(yùn)用空白、詩(shī)意的追求、典雅的設(shè)色、虛實(shí)相生的意蘊(yùn)這些鮮明的繪畫(huà)特點(diǎn)使得南宋山水在繪畫(huà)史上獨(dú)樹(shù)一幟。并在南宋山水畫(huà)意境營(yíng)造呈現(xiàn)空靈之美上作了很好鋪墊。典型的作品有馬遠(yuǎn)

3、的《寒江獨(dú)釣圖》畫(huà)面寂靜遼闊，物象高度簡(jiǎn)潔概括。即所謂的極簡(jiǎn)主義，運(yùn)用到畫(huà)面中，則是給人以無(wú)限的想象空間。類似的作品南宋很多。南宋山水的空靈之美可以說(shuō)影響深遠(yuǎn)。在當(dāng)代工筆人物畫(huà)創(chuàng)作中，由于受西方繪畫(huà)理念的影響，繪畫(huà)面貌繁雜多樣，尤在畫(huà)面構(gòu)圖上，以滿溝圖的作品形式居多，這種滿溝圖追求的是繁、密、實(shí)、畫(huà)面多不留白，畫(huà)面在極力追求極節(jié)刻畫(huà)的同時(shí)缺失了一些意趣，而這里的意趣正是南宋山水畫(huà)中的靈魂—空靈之美。所以筆者認(rèn)為通過(guò)解讀南宋山水畫(huà)中的藝術(shù)

4、特色對(duì)于改變這種狀況具有很好的調(diào)適作用。山水畫(huà)和人物畫(huà)雖屬不同題材，但兩者在意境營(yíng)造上還是有共通之處的。如在畫(huà)面構(gòu)圖上，宋郭熙的《林泉高致》中的“三遠(yuǎn)法”就明確總結(jié)了山水畫(huà)在散點(diǎn)透視影響下，即“平遠(yuǎn)、高遠(yuǎn)、深遠(yuǎn)”在不同透視方法下所營(yíng)造的畫(huà)面意境給人的審美情感的差異。而當(dāng)代工筆人物畫(huà)在西方的透視影響下，使得工筆人物畫(huà)在不同的透視觀照方法上所產(chǎn)生的審美情感也不盡相同，如不同的視角、視距在畫(huà)面構(gòu)圖中給人的不同審美情感，所以無(wú)論古今繪畫(huà)在透視上

5、給人的心理審美情感的變化是相同的，這點(diǎn)適用于任何畫(huà)種。當(dāng)然了還有其他方面的，如淡雅的設(shè)色，意象的形神兼?zhèn)涞冗@些都是構(gòu)成工筆人物畫(huà)空靈之美的條件，本文只從構(gòu)圖上展開(kāi)分析。本文正是通過(guò)對(duì)南宋山水畫(huà)為代表的宋畫(huà)的空靈之美進(jìn)行解讀，進(jìn)而研究在當(dāng)代工筆人物畫(huà)上如何營(yíng)造空靈之美，通過(guò)從構(gòu)圖方法上舉例分析，使得當(dāng)代工試論宋畫(huà)之空靈美對(duì)當(dāng)代工筆人物畫(huà)之影響IIIABSTRACTSong of the beauty of emptiness is one

6、 of the aesthetic thought of Chinese painting isvery important, mainly originated from Taoism and zen philosophy, since the sui andtang dynasties to song dynasty, emptiness aesthetic to flourish. Stems mainly from theson

7、g dynasty proposed “chongwen restraining force“ and greatly influenced by thethought of “neo-confucianism“. “Chongwen restraining force“ made the culture has abigger development space; And “science“ and the absorption of

8、 the Taoism,metaphysics and Buddhism, make more speculative and philosophy of science. Undersuch a social background and historical roots that prosperity in the song dynasty culture.In literature, painting, song porcelai

9、n, music of violin, etc., especially represented bypainting the ethereal beauty of the most typical.Song dynasty painting reflects the ethereal beauty, in the southern song dynastylandscape reflects the most ingenious, t

10、he southern song dynasty landscape than thenorthern song dynasty landscape made bold in artistic conception in the sense that givesa person is given priority to with deep, open, quiet, namely the ethereal beauty. Thiskin

11、d of artistic conception is the most revered by future generations. Skilful use of whitespace, poetic, elegant color, the actual combination of the connotation of thesedistinctive painting makes the southern song dynasty

12、 landscape unique in the history ofChinese painting. And in the southern song dynasty landscape painting artisticconception to build the beauty of emptiness and made a very good bedding. Typicalworks have Ma Yuan picture

13、 vast silence like figure fishing alone, being highly concisesummary. The so-called minimalism, used in the picture, is to give a person with infiniteimagination. The southern song dynasty many similar works. The beauty

14、of the southernsong dynasty landscape of emptiness far-reaching, so to speak.In modern fine brushwork figure painting creation, due to the effect of the concept ofwestern painting, landscape painting and complex diverse,

15、 especially on the picturecomposition, in the majority with full ditch figure works form, the ditch full figure afteris numerous, dense, solid, the picture is not white, more images in hankers after asection of the portr

16、ait is missing some interest at the same time, and the interest here isthe beauty of the soul - the writer in the southern song dynasty landscape painting. Sothe author thinks that by reading the artistic features of the

17、 southern song dynastylandscape painting to change this situation has a very good adjustment effect.Although landscape painting and figure painting belong to different disciplines, both onthe artistic conception to build