GPS軟件接收機基帶算法研究.pdf

1、GPS(Global Positioning System)<'1>，即全球?qū)Ш蕉ㄎ幌到y(tǒng)于上世紀(jì)80年代末引入中國，目前主要在大地測量(測繪、勘探)、海上漁業(yè)和車輛定位監(jiān)控等領(lǐng)域得到了比較廣泛的應(yīng)用。在全球GPS應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域中，車輛應(yīng)用所占的比重最大，目前約占總數(shù)的40％。 我國現(xiàn)在擁有世界上最大潛力的衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航應(yīng)用市場。經(jīng)過十多年的發(fā)展，我國的衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航用戶設(shè)備市場化的條件日趨成熟，批量化用戶群體正在逐步形成，已進入應(yīng)用行業(yè)高速發(fā)

2、展的時期。目前，國際上一些主流手機制造商如諾基亞、愛立信和三星等已開始使用集成的GPS芯片，而日本和美國的電信運營商也已開始或計劃提供基于GPS手機的位置服務(wù)。隨著我國經(jīng)濟的不斷發(fā)展，特別是在加入WTO之后，完全可以相信，衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航定位這個新興的產(chǎn)業(yè)將形成巨大的經(jīng)濟、軍事、科技效益，導(dǎo)航定位產(chǎn)業(yè)將稱為新的經(jīng)濟增長點。 在將來的幾年中，將出現(xiàn)美國的GPS，俄羅斯的G10nass(Global OrbitingNavigation

3、 Satellite System)系統(tǒng)，歐洲的伽利略系統(tǒng)，中國的北斗區(qū)域定位系統(tǒng)共存的局面。軟件接收機結(jié)構(gòu)靈活，適合開發(fā)不同的衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)，便于仿真和分析不同結(jié)構(gòu)的衛(wèi)星信號，驗證實現(xiàn)算法。軟件接收機由“射頻接收模塊(RF)—模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換模塊(AD)—高性能可編程數(shù)字信號器模塊(DSP)”組成。針對不同的衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)，用戶只需要將相應(yīng)的處理軟件下載到DSP中即可實現(xiàn)不同的定位接收機，不需要改動任何硬件。 本人參加了中國科學(xué)院微電子研

4、究所杭州分部的GPS基帶芯片項目，在其中負(fù)責(zé)基帶算法研究、芯片結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計以及相關(guān)器的電路設(shè)計工作。本文主要講述GPS基帶算法研究、設(shè)計，進而比較各個不同算法的優(yōu)劣，選擇最優(yōu)算法來進行芯片設(shè)計。 通過研究GPS基帶算法，了解和掌握GPS接收機的工作原理，為我國研發(fā)自主的全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)有較大的借鑒和幫助作用，進而為我國擺脫美國GPS系統(tǒng)的制約，在戰(zhàn)略上獨立自主起到積極的作用。Global Positioning System

5、 which is called GPS for short was firstintroduced into China in the 80<'th>last century．GPS is largely used in thesurveying(including mapping and exploiting)and fishery on the sea andvehicle positioning and watching．GPS

6、 is the most used on the vehicle；possess about 40％in al l the appl ications at the present. China now has the biggest GPS application market potential in thewOrld．And after development for about 10 years or more，the

7、market forthe GPS equipment is mature，and the consumers thus form a large number，the GPS application field in China is going into a fast growing period·At the present，some famous mobi le phone manufacturer such as Nokia，

8、EriCSS0n and SamSung are beginning to embed GPS function into the chip，and the telecom business in Japan and USA are planning to providepositioning service based on the GPS mobile phone．Along with thesuccessive growth in

9、 the economy，especially after the entrance into theWTO．we believe that navigation and positioning based on satellite vehicleis growing into a new industry which will form enormous benefit in theeconomy and military an

10、d science and technology and become a neweconomical growing point． In the near future，there wi ll come a scene that ex，i st GPS from USA，Glonass(G10bal Orbiting Navigation Satellite System)from Russia，GalileO

11、from Europe and Chinese regional positioning Beidou．GPS softwarereceiver with a flexible architecture，is suit for developping differentsatellite vehicle positioning system，and is convenient to analysedifferent satellite