GPS軟件接收機(jī)基帶算法研究.pdf

1、GPS(Global Positioning System)<'1>，即全球?qū)Ш蕉ㄎ幌到y(tǒng)于上世紀(jì)80年代末引入中國(guó)，目前主要在大地測(cè)量(測(cè)繪、勘探)、海上漁業(yè)和車輛定位監(jiān)控等領(lǐng)域得到了比較廣泛的應(yīng)用。在全球GPS應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域中，車輛應(yīng)用所占的比重最大，目前約占總數(shù)的40％。 我國(guó)現(xiàn)在擁有世界上最大潛力的衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航應(yīng)用市場(chǎng)。經(jīng)過(guò)十多年的發(fā)展，我國(guó)的衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航用戶設(shè)備市場(chǎng)化的條件日趨成熟，批量化用戶群體正在逐步形成，已進(jìn)入應(yīng)用行業(yè)高速發(fā)

2、展的時(shí)期。目前，國(guó)際上一些主流手機(jī)制造商如諾基亞、愛(ài)立信和三星等已開(kāi)始使用集成的GPS芯片，而日本和美國(guó)的電信運(yùn)營(yíng)商也已開(kāi)始或計(jì)劃提供基于GPS手機(jī)的位置服務(wù)。隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展，特別是在加入WTO之后，完全可以相信，衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航定位這個(gè)新興的產(chǎn)業(yè)將形成巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事、科技效益，導(dǎo)航定位產(chǎn)業(yè)將稱為新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)。 在將來(lái)的幾年中，將出現(xiàn)美國(guó)的GPS，俄羅斯的G10nass(Global OrbitingNavigation

3、 Satellite System)系統(tǒng)，歐洲的伽利略系統(tǒng)，中國(guó)的北斗區(qū)域定位系統(tǒng)共存的局面。軟件接收機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)靈活，適合開(kāi)發(fā)不同的衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)，便于仿真和分析不同結(jié)構(gòu)的衛(wèi)星信號(hào)，驗(yàn)證實(shí)現(xiàn)算法。軟件接收機(jī)由“射頻接收模塊(RF)—模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換模塊(AD)—高性能可編程數(shù)字信號(hào)器模塊(DSP)”組成。針對(duì)不同的衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)，用戶只需要將相應(yīng)的處理軟件下載到DSP中即可實(shí)現(xiàn)不同的定位接收機(jī)，不需要改動(dòng)任何硬件。 本人參加了中國(guó)科學(xué)院微電子研

4、究所杭州分部的GPS基帶芯片項(xiàng)目，在其中負(fù)責(zé)基帶算法研究、芯片結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)以及相關(guān)器的電路設(shè)計(jì)工作。本文主要講述GPS基帶算法研究、設(shè)計(jì)，進(jìn)而比較各個(gè)不同算法的優(yōu)劣，選擇最優(yōu)算法來(lái)進(jìn)行芯片設(shè)計(jì)。 通過(guò)研究GPS基帶算法，了解和掌握GPS接收機(jī)的工作原理，為我國(guó)研發(fā)自主的全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)有較大的借鑒和幫助作用，進(jìn)而為我國(guó)擺脫美國(guó)GPS系統(tǒng)的制約，在戰(zhàn)略上獨(dú)立自主起到積極的作用。Global Positioning System

5、 which is called GPS for short was firstintroduced into China in the 80<'th>last century．GPS is largely used in thesurveying(including mapping and exploiting)and fishery on the sea andvehicle positioning and watching．GPS

6、 is the most used on the vehicle；possess about 40％in al l the appl ications at the present. China now has the biggest GPS application market potential in thewOrld．And after development for about 10 years or more，the

7、market forthe GPS equipment is mature，and the consumers thus form a large number，the GPS application field in China is going into a fast growing period·At the present，some famous mobi le phone manufacturer such as Nokia，

8、EriCSS0n and SamSung are beginning to embed GPS function into the chip，and the telecom business in Japan and USA are planning to providepositioning service based on the GPS mobile phone．Along with thesuccessive growth in

9、 the economy，especially after the entrance into theWTO．we believe that navigation and positioning based on satellite vehicleis growing into a new industry which will form enormous benefit in theeconomy and military an

10、d science and technology and become a neweconomical growing point． In the near future，there wi ll come a scene that ex，i st GPS from USA，Glonass(G10bal Orbiting Navigation Satellite System)from Russia，GalileO

11、from Europe and Chinese regional positioning Beidou．GPS softwarereceiver with a flexible architecture，is suit for developping differentsatellite vehicle positioning system，and is convenient to analysedifferent satellite