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1、<p> 字?jǐn)?shù):英文2939單詞,16394字符;中文5144漢字</p><p> 出處:S Muneer,AA Rao,A Ali.Impact of Financial Management Practices on SMEs Profitability with Moderating Role of Agency Cost[J]Information Management and Busin
2、ess Review.2017, 9(1):23-30</p><p><b> 外文文獻(xiàn): </b></p><p> Impact of Financial Management Practices on SMEs Profitability with Moderating Role of Agency Cost</p><p> A
3、bstract The importance of Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) towards economic development and growth is considerable. Some SMEs are facing difficulties to their development due to the lack of financial resources and ma
4、nagement experience. The objective of this study is to check the relationships of financial management practices on profitability of small and medium enterprises and also to check the impact of agency cost on this relati
5、onship. This study consists of data analysis of two hundred</p><p> Keywords: Financial management practices, Agency cost, SMEs, Working Capital</p><p> 1.Introduction</p><p> Sm
6、all and medium enterprises (SMEs) have significant contribution toward creating employment and also toward the economic development and growth (International Labor Organization, 2013, p. 1; Ratten, 2014; ulHaq, Usman, Hu
7、ssain, and Anjum, 2014; Karadag, 2015). In Japan, small and medium industries have marked dominance, constituting about 99% of corporations (The Information Dissemination and Policy Promotion Division of Japan’s Patent O
8、ffice, 2009). In South Africa, SMEs contribute about 91% o</p><p> The contribution of this study is that financial management practices of SMEs are to improve its financial performance and review the cost
9、that has to bear to the owner of the firm for maintaining the fair behavior of the financial manager in the best interest of the firm. SMEs are a key source of economic growth (Sadi & Henderson, 2010), whether in dev
10、eloped or developing countries. In Saudi Arabia SMEs represent more than 90% of enterprises providing 51% of jobs in private sector and 22% of GD</p><p> 2.Literature Review</p><p> Pakistan l
11、ocated in South Asia, with population of 188 million and DGP rate 4.7% (The World Bank, 2015). Trade and commerce played an important role in development of the economy so that the government of Pakistan has established
12、a body for support and promote this sector. This government body is called Small and Medium Enterprises Development Authority (SMEDA) and it has responsibility of policies making related to promotion of SMEs, facilitatio
13、n of financing is also the responsibility of SMEDA</p><p> SMEs stand for small and medium enterprises but State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) define SMEs in this way that SMEs can be classified into these three l
14、evels of business form micro enterprises, small enterprises and medium enterprises (SBP 2010). By the definition of State Bank of Pakistan SME means that any entity which is not a public limited co and has not full time
15、employees more than 250 (manufacturing business), not more than 50 (in a trading or service business). Like other management science,</p><p> Accounting information systems consists of bookkeeping, recoding
16、 financial activity transactions, cost accounting and the use of computers to manage these all activity. Small and medium enterprise publications and research have highlighted the importance of management of accounting s
17、ystem for SMEs. For example, in the literature of Lavia Lopez and Hiebl (2015) it was concluded that management of accounting system has a positive effect on performance of SMEs. Many SMEs are lower in their formal p<
18、/p><p> Hypothesis 1:</p><p> H1: Accounting information system (AIS) is positively related with profitability of SMEs. </p><p> H1a: Accounting information system (AIS) is not posi
19、tively related with profitability of SMEs. </p><p> Hypothesis 2:</p><p> H2: Financial information system (FIS) is positively related with profitability of SMEs. </p><p> H2a: F
20、inancial information system (FIS) is no positively related with profitability of SMEs. </p><p> Hypothesis 3:</p><p> H3: Working capital management (WCM) is positively related with profitabil
21、ity of SMEs. </p><p> H3a: Working capital management is not positively related with profitability of SMEs.</p><p> Hypothesis 4:</p><p> H4: Agency Cost as a moderator is affect
22、ing the profitability of SMEs. </p><p> H4a: Agency Cost as a moderator is not affecting the profitability of SMEs</p><p> Figure 1: Theoretical Frame Work</p><p> 3.Methodology&
23、lt;/p><p> This study occupied primary data to analyze the results from financial management practices adopted by SMEs in Faisalabad. This study is conducted to test hypothesis and to develop a relationship be
24、tween the dependent variable “Firm Growth” and the independent variables “Accounting information system, Financial information system, Working capital management” with moderating effect of agency cost. Survey questionnai
25、res are used to collect the response from the target population. The sample for th</p><p><b> 4.Results</b></p><p> For the assessment of validity and reliability Cronbach’s alpha,
26、 composite reliability and average variance extracted (AVE) are used in the present study. According to George and Mallery (2003) “The value of Cronbach’s alpha less than 0.50 is not acceptable, 0.50-0.60 is considered a
27、s poor but acceptable, while any value above 0.70 is considered as good”. Results show that data is valid.</p><p> Table 1: Convergent validity (Measurement Model Quality Criteria)</p><p> Fin
28、ancial Management Practices and Firm Performance Structural Model: Firm performance (FP) was assessed by using a three items scale. Three parameters (Accounting information system (Q1=.515), Financial information system
29、(Q2=.238) and Working capital management (Q3=.112) were used to determine the firm performance and these parameters defined (Q5=.654) of firm performance overall. Its mean there were also some other variables effecting f
30、irm performance.</p><p> Figure 2: Predictive Relevance of Structural Models</p><p> Note: Q1: Accounting information system (AIS), Q2: Financial information system (FIS), Q3: Working capital
31、management (WCM), Q4: Agency cost, Q5: Firm performance</p><p> Table 2: Model Summery of All Independent Variables</p><p> Agency Cost (Moderator) and Firm Performance Structural Model: Agenc
32、y cost is the moderator in this study. In below model agency cost (Q4) is taken as an independent variable (IV) to check its impact on firm performance and its shows (R2=-.076, 0.191, 0.216) of firm performance which is
33、very low of total firm performance. The value of R2 is not significant because it should be more than 0.5Cronbach’s (1951).</p><p> Figure 3: Predictive Relevance of Structure</p><p> Table 3:
34、 Model Summery</p><p> In the current study 4 hypothesis were tested. At the end results identified that 3 hypothesis (H1, H2, H3) were supported. It means results shown that AIS (accounting information sys
35、tem) FIS (financial information system) and WCM (working capital management) have significant impact on the profitability of SMEs. When one hypothesis was supported (H4a). It means result shown that agency cost is not af
36、fecting the relationship of (IV) and (DV) as a moderator in this study held in Faisalabad Pakista</p><p> 5.Conclusion</p><p> The major objective of this study was to examine the effect of fi
37、nancial management practices on the profitability of small and medium business and to check the financial practices adopted by SMEs in Faisalabad city of Pakistan. The data analysis shows that financial management practi
38、ces have significant impact of SMEs profitability. Most of the firms in Faisalabad city prepared their financial statement, balance sheet and income statement prepared regularly and frequently. Most of the firms hav</
39、p><p> Limitations of the Research Study: Major limitation related to this study was financial and non-financial resources; time limitation and due to these limitation and scope of the study research have to l
40、imit the number of objectives. There are multiple areas of financial management related to research problem and research question directly or indirectly but due to the limitation of time and fund all the areas of financi
41、al management could not be investigated. Because resources were scarce so that</p><p> Implications for the Further Research: This study leads to the suggestion that in further research work should suppleme
42、nted so that other areas could be examined which could not covered by this study. Following are the further suggestion for future research.</p><p> ?Findings or current study can be used in other financial
43、management practices such as management of current assets, management of fixed assets and capital structure management in other cities of Pakistan.</p><p> ?Model of this study can be used in the other citi
44、es of Pakistan to check the financial management practices.</p><p> ?Most of the small enterprises in Faisalabad Pakistan are not adopting better financial management practices the reasons can be reviewed.&
45、lt;/p><p> ?The financial performance of small enterprises and the medium enterprises can be viewed because there is difference in financial management practices of small enterprises and medium enterprises.<
46、;/p><p> ?In small enterprises owner himself manage financial activities and in medium enterprises accounts manger manage financial activities so that effect of owner and manager financial management practices
47、 can be viewed.</p><p> Finding can be used for the improvement of financial management practices especially in small enterprises for development of this sector of Pakistan.</p><p><b> 中
48、文譯文:</b></p><p> 財(cái)務(wù)管理實(shí)踐對(duì)中小企業(yè)盈利能力的影響</p><p> 及代理成本的調(diào)節(jié)作用</p><p> 摘要 中小企業(yè)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和增長(zhǎng)的重要性是相當(dāng)大的。由于缺乏財(cái)政資源和管理經(jīng)驗(yàn),一些中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展面臨困難。本研究的目的是考察財(cái)務(wù)管理實(shí)踐與中小企業(yè)盈利能力之間的關(guān)系,并探討代理成本對(duì)這種關(guān)系的影響。本研究包括對(duì)巴基斯
49、坦費(fèi)薩拉巴德的200家中小企業(yè)的數(shù)據(jù)分析。該研究主要使用原始數(shù)據(jù)。采用SPSS23進(jìn)行描述性分析,通過(guò)偏最小二乘(PLS)3進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型用于假設(shè)檢驗(yàn)。這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果表明,財(cái)務(wù)管理實(shí)踐與中小企業(yè)盈利能力之間存在正相關(guān)關(guān)系,但作為調(diào)節(jié)者的代理成本對(duì)這種關(guān)系沒(méi)有影響。該研究強(qiáng)烈建議加強(qiáng)財(cái)務(wù)管理實(shí)踐。中小企業(yè)的政策制定者、發(fā)展合作伙伴、所有者和管理者可以利用這些調(diào)查結(jié)果來(lái)確定其在巴基斯坦的業(yè)務(wù)可持續(xù)性。</p><p&g
50、t; 關(guān)鍵詞:財(cái)務(wù)管理實(shí)踐,代理成本,中小企業(yè),營(yíng)運(yùn)資金</p><p><b> 1.簡(jiǎn)介</b></p><p> 中小企業(yè)對(duì)創(chuàng)造就業(yè)以及對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和增長(zhǎng)作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)(國(guó)際勞工組織,2013,第1頁(yè);Ratten,2014;ulHaq,Usman,Hussain和Anjum,2014;Karadag,2015)。在日本,中小型企業(yè)占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位,約占企業(yè)總數(shù)
51、的99%(日本專(zhuān)利局信息傳播與政策推進(jìn)部,2009)。在南非,中小企業(yè)貢獻(xiàn)了約91%的正式業(yè)務(wù),提供了61%的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì),并將南非的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值提高了52%至57%(Abor和Quartey,2010)。在像巴基斯坦這樣的低收入國(guó)家,企業(yè)規(guī)模僅限于微型到中型。主要問(wèn)題是中小企業(yè)如何衡量其業(yè)績(jī)(Ahmad和Harif,Hoe,2013,第87頁(yè);Benedict和Matsotso,2014,第247頁(yè)),中小企業(yè)的失敗不適合衡量業(yè)績(jī)。通過(guò)財(cái)
52、務(wù)績(jī)效衡量企業(yè)的業(yè)績(jī)會(huì)更好(Gallani,Krishnan和Kajiwara,2015,第6頁(yè))。現(xiàn)代研究強(qiáng)調(diào)有效使用財(cái)務(wù)(Gitman,2011)。這項(xiàng)學(xué)術(shù)研究將有助于確定財(cái)務(wù)管理實(shí)踐對(duì)中小企業(yè)盈利能力的影響,并確定代理成本作用。良好的公司治理對(duì)于提高企業(yè)的業(yè)績(jī)和盈利能力是必要的(Braga-Alves和Sha</p><p> 本研究的貢獻(xiàn)在于,中小企業(yè)的財(cái)務(wù)管理實(shí)踐是為了提高財(cái)務(wù)績(jī)效,并對(duì)企業(yè)所有者必須
53、承擔(dān)的成本進(jìn)行審查,以確保財(cái)務(wù)管理者的公平行為符合公司的最佳利益。無(wú)論是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家還是發(fā)展中國(guó)家,中小企業(yè)都是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的主要來(lái)源(Sadi和Henderson,2010)。在沙特阿拉伯,中小企業(yè)占企業(yè)總數(shù)的90%以上,提供了51%的私營(yíng)部門(mén)就業(yè)崗位和22%的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(Mohammed,2015b)?,F(xiàn)在人們普遍認(rèn)為,中小企業(yè)在創(chuàng)造新的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)方面發(fā)揮著重要作用(經(jīng)合組織,2006;Karadag,2015)。巴基斯坦也是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家
54、,中小企業(yè)的重要性不容忽視。雖然這些企業(yè)很重要,但失敗率很高,這導(dǎo)致研究人員質(zhì)疑這些企業(yè)的管理實(shí)踐(Fatoki,2014,第922頁(yè))。因?yàn)榘突固怪行∑髽I(yè)面臨著許多問(wèn)題,所以與其他發(fā)展中國(guó)家相比,巴基斯坦中小企業(yè)并沒(méi)有提供所需的結(jié)果。其主要問(wèn)題也包括財(cái)務(wù)管理實(shí)踐的缺乏。本研究是在費(fèi)薩拉巴德市進(jìn)行的,以便中小企業(yè)所采用的財(cái)務(wù)管理實(shí)踐以及這些實(shí)踐對(duì)企業(yè)績(jī)效的影響可以被考察到。對(duì)于這項(xiàng)研究,選擇費(fèi)薩拉巴德是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)城市是巴基斯坦工業(yè)的中心
55、,由于這個(gè)特點(diǎn)也被稱(chēng)為巴基斯坦的曼徹斯特。</p><p><b> 2.文獻(xiàn)綜述</b></p><p> 巴基斯坦位于南亞,人口為1.88億,DGP率為4.7%(世界銀行,2015)。貿(mào)易和商業(yè)在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中發(fā)揮了重要作用,因此巴基斯坦政府已經(jīng)建立了支持和促進(jìn)這一部門(mén)的機(jī)構(gòu)。這個(gè)政府機(jī)構(gòu)被稱(chēng)為中小企業(yè)發(fā)展局(SMEDA),它有責(zé)任推動(dòng)與中小企業(yè)相關(guān)的政策制定,促
56、進(jìn)融資也是SMEDA的責(zé)任。它還有助于培訓(xùn)和教育企業(yè)家。如果與其他南亞國(guó)家相比,巴基斯坦的地位是最低的。巴基斯坦新公司的比例非常低,這些公司的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手是印度和孟加拉。經(jīng)合組織(OECD)的其他成員國(guó)表現(xiàn)要好得多。具體而言,英國(guó)(UK)表現(xiàn)出色,并在排名榜上名列前茅。影響巴基斯坦企業(yè)績(jī)效的因素有很多,在這方面小企業(yè)可以為改善巴基斯坦經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)揮重要作用?,F(xiàn)在巴基斯坦也獲得了經(jīng)合組織的成員資格。巴基斯坦的企業(yè)家與其他國(guó)家的企業(yè)家不同。Ali等人
57、(2010)報(bào)告了巴基斯坦文化對(duì)創(chuàng)業(yè)意向的影響。通過(guò)使用Hofstede的文化維度,結(jié)果表明,文化的元素,如集體主義和不確定性規(guī)避?chē)?yán)重影響了巴基斯坦創(chuàng)業(yè)意向的思考。</p><p> 中小企業(yè)代表中小型企業(yè),但巴基斯坦國(guó)家銀行(SBP)以微型企業(yè)、小型企業(yè)和中型企業(yè)將中小企業(yè)劃分為這三個(gè)層次(SBP,2010)。根據(jù)巴基斯坦國(guó)家銀行的定義,中小企業(yè)是指任何非公共有限責(zé)任公司,并且全職員工不超過(guò)250人(制造企業(yè)
58、),不超過(guò)50人(從事貿(mào)易或服務(wù)業(yè)務(wù))的實(shí)體。像其他管理科學(xué)一樣,財(cái)務(wù)管理也首先確定其目標(biāo),進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)其財(cái)務(wù)目標(biāo)。財(cái)務(wù)管理的主要目標(biāo)是為企業(yè)獲得最大利潤(rùn),因?yàn)樵S多研究人員認(rèn)為中小企業(yè)在一個(gè)國(guó)家的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中發(fā)揮著重要作用(例如,Benzing,ChuandKara,2009;Al-Disi,2010;Han,Benson,Chen和Zhang,2012;筱崎,2012)。某些時(shí)候,公司所有者作出的財(cái)務(wù)決策證明是錯(cuò)誤的,或是被雇傭的管理
59、者的錯(cuò)誤決策,會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響公司的盈利能力。由于財(cái)務(wù)管理效率低下,公司的盈利能力可能會(huì)受到損害。缺乏足夠有效的財(cái)務(wù)管理知識(shí),大多數(shù)中小型企業(yè)會(huì)面臨倒閉。健全的財(cái)務(wù)管理體系對(duì)組織績(jī)效的收入、支出、資產(chǎn)和負(fù)債都有有效的管理制度(Abanis等,2013)。本研究的目的不是要涵蓋所有方面,而是包括會(huì)計(jì)信息系統(tǒng)、財(cái)務(wù)信息系統(tǒng)和營(yíng)運(yùn)資金管理的</p><p> 會(huì)計(jì)信息系統(tǒng)包括簿記、財(cái)務(wù)活動(dòng)交易記錄、成本核算和使用計(jì)算機(jī)來(lái)管
60、理這些活動(dòng)。中小企業(yè)出版物和研究突出了中小企業(yè)管理會(huì)計(jì)系統(tǒng)的重要性。例如,在LaviaLopez和Hiebl(2015)的文獻(xiàn)中得出的結(jié)論是,管理會(huì)計(jì)系統(tǒng)對(duì)中小企業(yè)的績(jī)效有積極影響。許多中小企業(yè)的正式規(guī)劃流程較低(Pemberton和Stonehouse,2002)。這有助于審查中小企業(yè)的規(guī)劃實(shí)踐。這項(xiàng)研究的目的是審查會(huì)計(jì)信息系統(tǒng)與企業(yè)盈利之間的關(guān)系。會(huì)計(jì)信息系統(tǒng)包括財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告的頻率和目的、財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告分析、財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告的解釋和審計(jì)。財(cái)務(wù)管理專(zhuān)業(yè)
61、知識(shí)包括正式和非正式教育、相關(guān)資格、財(cái)務(wù)管理培訓(xùn)和整體財(cái)務(wù)管理專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)。營(yíng)運(yùn)資金包括現(xiàn)金活動(dòng)的內(nèi)容管理、應(yīng)收賬款管理和庫(kù)存管理。較大的公司在營(yíng)運(yùn)資本中投入較大的現(xiàn)金,并且由于融資來(lái)源,也有較大數(shù)額的短期應(yīng)付款(Deloof,2003;Muneer等,2013)。內(nèi)部和外部因素都會(huì)影響流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)和流動(dòng)負(fù)債水平的決策。最近的研究,Silva(2011)和Gomes(2013)發(fā)現(xiàn),營(yíng)運(yùn)資金(WCM)與盈利能力之間存在正相關(guān)關(guān)系,這表明企業(yè)具有
62、最佳的營(yíng)運(yùn)資本水平,能夠最大化其盈利能力;另見(jiàn)Baños</p><p><b> 假設(shè)1:</b></p><p> H1:會(huì)計(jì)信息系統(tǒng)(AIS)與中小企業(yè)的盈利能力正相關(guān)。</p><p> H1a:會(huì)計(jì)信息系統(tǒng)(AIS)與中小企業(yè)的盈利能力沒(méi)有正相關(guān)關(guān)系。</p><p><b> 假設(shè)
63、2:</b></p><p> H2:財(cái)務(wù)信息系統(tǒng)(FIS)與中小企業(yè)的盈利能力正相關(guān)。</p><p> H2a:財(cái)務(wù)信息系統(tǒng)(FIS)與中小企業(yè)的盈利能力沒(méi)有正相關(guān)關(guān)系。</p><p><b> 假設(shè)3:</b></p><p> H3:營(yíng)運(yùn)資金管理(WCM)與中小企業(yè)的盈利能力正相關(guān)。<
64、/p><p> H3a:營(yíng)運(yùn)資金管理與中小企業(yè)的盈利能力沒(méi)有正相關(guān)關(guān)系。</p><p><b> 假設(shè)4:</b></p><p> H4:作為調(diào)節(jié)者的代理成本影響了中小企業(yè)的盈利能力。</p><p> H4a:作為調(diào)節(jié)者的代理成本沒(méi)有影響中小企業(yè)的盈利能力。</p><p><b&
65、gt; 圖1:理論框架</b></p><p><b> 3.方法</b></p><p> 這項(xiàng)研究使用了原始數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)分析費(fèi)薩拉巴德中小企業(yè)采用的財(cái)務(wù)管理實(shí)踐的結(jié)果。本研究旨在檢驗(yàn)假設(shè),并在因變量“企業(yè)增長(zhǎng)”與自變量“會(huì)計(jì)信息系統(tǒng)、財(cái)務(wù)信息系統(tǒng)、營(yíng)運(yùn)資金管理”之間建立一種關(guān)系,并探討代理成本的調(diào)節(jié)作用。調(diào)查問(wèn)卷用于收集目標(biāo)樣本的反應(yīng)。本研究的樣本由在
66、費(fèi)薩拉巴德市經(jīng)營(yíng)的300家中小企業(yè)組成。共向中小企業(yè)發(fā)送了300份調(diào)查問(wèn)卷,其中收到了200份回復(fù)。在數(shù)據(jù)輸入過(guò)程中,20份問(wèn)卷不完整,被視為多余。對(duì)剩余的180份問(wèn)卷進(jìn)行了分析。為了檢驗(yàn)假設(shè),采用偏最小二乘法(PLS.3)對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型(SEM)進(jìn)行了應(yīng)用。</p><p><b> 4.結(jié)果</b></p><p> 為了評(píng)估有效性和可靠性,本研究采用了克隆巴
67、赫系數(shù)、組合信度和平均提取方差值(AVE)。根據(jù)George和Mallery(2003)的說(shuō)法:“克隆巴赫系數(shù)值小于0.50是不可接受的,0.50-0.60被認(rèn)為很差但可以接受,而任何高于0.70的值被認(rèn)為是好的”。結(jié)果顯示數(shù)據(jù)是有效的。</p><p> 表1:收斂效度(測(cè)量模型質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn))</p><p> 財(cái)務(wù)管理實(shí)踐與公司績(jī)效結(jié)構(gòu)模型:企業(yè)績(jī)效(FP)通過(guò)使用三項(xiàng)量表來(lái)評(píng)估。使用
68、會(huì)計(jì)信息系統(tǒng)(Q1=.515)、財(cái)務(wù)信息系統(tǒng)(Q2=.238)和營(yíng)運(yùn)資金管理(Q3=.112)三個(gè)參數(shù)來(lái)確定公司績(jī)效,這些參數(shù)(Q5 =.654)定義企業(yè)總體績(jī)效。這意味著還有其他一些影響企業(yè)績(jī)效的變數(shù)。</p><p> 圖2:結(jié)構(gòu)模型的預(yù)測(cè)相關(guān)性</p><p> 注:Q1:會(huì)計(jì)信息系統(tǒng)(AIS),Q2:金融信息系統(tǒng)(FIS),Q3:營(yíng)運(yùn)資金管理(WCM),Q4:代理成本,Q5:企
69、業(yè)績(jī)效</p><p> 表2:所有自變量的模型綜述</p><p> 代理成本(調(diào)節(jié)者)和企業(yè)績(jī)效結(jié)構(gòu)模型:代理成本是本研究的調(diào)節(jié)者。在下面的模型中,代理成本(Q4)作為一個(gè)自變量(IV)來(lái)檢驗(yàn)它對(duì)企業(yè)績(jī)效的影響和表現(xiàn)(R2=-.076,0.191,0.216),這是企業(yè)整體績(jī)效很低的表現(xiàn)。R2的值并不重要,因?yàn)樗鼞?yīng)該超過(guò)0.5克隆巴赫系數(shù)(1951)。</p><
70、;p> 圖3:結(jié)構(gòu)的預(yù)測(cè)相關(guān)性</p><p><b> 表3:模型綜述</b></p><p> 在目前的研究中,4個(gè)假設(shè)被進(jìn)行了測(cè)試。最終結(jié)果表明,3個(gè)假設(shè)(H1,H2,H3)得到了支持。這意味著,AIS(會(huì)計(jì)信息系統(tǒng))、FIS(財(cái)務(wù)信息系統(tǒng))和WCM(營(yíng)運(yùn)資金管理)對(duì)中小企業(yè)的盈利能力有重大影響。只有一個(gè)假設(shè)(H4a)得到支持,這意味著,在于巴基斯坦
71、費(fèi)薩拉巴德進(jìn)行的本項(xiàng)研究中,作為調(diào)節(jié)者的代理成本不會(huì)影響自變量和因變量之間的關(guān)系。</p><p><b> 5.結(jié)論</b></p><p> 本研究的主要目的是研究財(cái)務(wù)管理實(shí)踐對(duì)中小企業(yè)盈利能力的影響,并檢查巴基斯坦費(fèi)薩拉巴德市中小企業(yè)采用的財(cái)務(wù)實(shí)踐。數(shù)據(jù)分析表明,財(cái)務(wù)管理實(shí)踐對(duì)中小企業(yè)盈利能力有重大影響。費(fèi)薩拉巴德市的大多數(shù)公司準(zhǔn)備并經(jīng)常編制財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表、資產(chǎn)負(fù)
72、債表和損益表。大多數(shù)公司都聘用了會(huì)計(jì)師來(lái)管理會(huì)計(jì)部門(mén)。小型企業(yè)使用計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行會(huì)計(jì)信息系統(tǒng)的趨勢(shì)偏低,但中型企業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)系統(tǒng)強(qiáng)勁。80%的公司都遵循現(xiàn)金管理做法,其中包括現(xiàn)金預(yù)算、每月或每周的現(xiàn)金預(yù)算審查。大多數(shù)小企業(yè)每周都編制現(xiàn)金預(yù)算。這項(xiàng)研究表明,大多數(shù)企業(yè)對(duì)現(xiàn)金預(yù)算、現(xiàn)金控制和現(xiàn)金流量都很熟悉。36%的公司面臨現(xiàn)金短缺問(wèn)題,而64%的公司面臨現(xiàn)金盈余。調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),與現(xiàn)金短缺相比,現(xiàn)金盈余才是中小企業(yè)的主要問(wèn)題?,F(xiàn)金盈余導(dǎo)致的主要問(wèn)題是盈余
73、應(yīng)該被投資以獲取利潤(rùn)。大多數(shù)公司沒(méi)有更好地選擇將盈余資金投資于一個(gè)有利可圖的項(xiàng)目。代理問(wèn)題可能對(duì)企業(yè)績(jī)效起到重要作用,為此,本研究還考察了代理成本對(duì)財(cái)務(wù)管理與巴基斯坦費(fèi)薩拉巴德的中小企業(yè)盈利能力之間的關(guān)系的調(diào)節(jié)作用。但有人認(rèn)為,代理成本在任何其他經(jīng)濟(jì)體中都起到調(diào)節(jié)作用,但在巴基斯坦費(fèi)薩拉巴德沒(méi)有奏效。本研究還解釋了代理成本作為自變量對(duì)中小</p><p> 研究的局限性:與本研究相關(guān)的主要限制是財(cái)務(wù)和非財(cái)務(wù)資源
74、;時(shí)間限制,以及由于這些限制和研究范圍的限制而必須限制目標(biāo)的數(shù)量。財(cái)務(wù)管理涉及到多個(gè)領(lǐng)域的直接或間接的研究問(wèn)題,但由于時(shí)間和資金的限制,無(wú)法對(duì)財(cái)務(wù)管理的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行調(diào)查。由于資源匱乏,無(wú)法對(duì)巴基斯坦的所有中小企業(yè)都進(jìn)行研究,只能選定費(fèi)薩拉巴德市的中小企業(yè)作為目標(biāo)樣本。大多數(shù)選定的公司都是制造業(yè)。與位于巴基斯坦其他城市的中小企業(yè)相比,費(fèi)薩拉巴德市有大量的中小企業(yè)單位,并且有不同的管理實(shí)踐和知識(shí)。所有原始數(shù)據(jù)都是從個(gè)人訪談中收集的,但沒(méi)有收
75、集到受訪者提供的任何書(shū)面證明相關(guān)資料。本研究考察了影響盈利能力的內(nèi)部因素,但沒(méi)有考慮任何可能影響財(cái)務(wù)管理實(shí)踐的外部因素。</p><p> 對(duì)進(jìn)一步研究的建議:本研究提出的建議在進(jìn)一步的研究工作中應(yīng)該加以補(bǔ)充,以便對(duì)本研究無(wú)法涵蓋的其他領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行研究。以下是對(duì)未來(lái)研究的進(jìn)一步建議。</p><p> ?調(diào)查結(jié)果或當(dāng)前研究可用于其他財(cái)務(wù)管理實(shí)踐,如流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)管理,巴基斯坦其他城市的固定資產(chǎn)管
76、理和資本結(jié)構(gòu)管理。</p><p> ?本研究的模型可用于巴基斯坦其他城市,以檢查財(cái)務(wù)管理實(shí)踐。</p><p> ?巴基斯坦費(fèi)薩拉巴德的大多數(shù)小企業(yè)沒(méi)有采用更好的財(cái)務(wù)管理實(shí)踐,因此可以審查其原因。</p><p> ?由于小型企業(yè)和中型企業(yè)的財(cái)務(wù)管理實(shí)踐存在差異,可以考察小型企業(yè)和中型企業(yè)的財(cái)務(wù)績(jī)效。</p><p> ?在小型企業(yè)
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