外文翻譯--室內(nèi)裝飾材料污染的防治措施

1、<p><b>　　中文2938字</b></p><p><b>　　外文資料翻譯</b></p><p>　　Interior decoration material pollution prevention measures</p><p>　　With the popularization of mode

2、rn indoor decoration, people also gradually realize the importance of indoor environment, most families hope to decorate not give to their environment from pollution or bring adverse effect, the health of the health and

3、safety of the living environment in the first place, and not like the way it was too much emphasis on indoor decorative, it cannot say one kind of aware reason and progress. By contrast, adornment material production in

4、accordance with the relevant </p><p>　　First, the main source of indoor air pollution and harm</p><p>　　At present the main source of indoor air pollution is interior decoration material and fur

5、niture. In interior decoration materials, paint, plywood, particieboard, foam packing, interior wall coatings, plastic cover and binder etc material all contains formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia, toluene organic volatile m

6、aterial, these organic volatiles within certain time can release many harmful gas, and is persistent release. In indoor environment pollutant mainly have formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia, rado</p><p>　　Formald

7、ehyde, a volatile sex harmful substances, decorative materials of all sorts of plank, paint and the binder contains this kind material. More According to the world cancer research organization research shows that formald

8、ehyde is listed as the first class of carcinogens, formaldehyde human carcinogen function mainly depends on the size of its concentration on the nervous system, high concentrations of formaldehyde, immune system, liver,

9、and others have poisonous effect, more teratogenic, t</p><p>　　Benzene is volatile gas from wallpaper, carpet, usually the binder and plank kind of furniture, paint the sticking in the choic 280C above a cer

10、tain temperature (may also appear contain benzene kind material volatile phenomenon, main irritating to eyes, respiratory and skin irritating effect of strong, hematopoiesis also have the inhibition. Research proof, chro

11、nic benzene poisoning basically make bone marrow hematopoietic function obstacles, cause aplastic anemia. </p><p>　　Ammonia, volatile sex harmful substances, mainly construction adding chemicals produce ammo

12、nia kind volatile, many from cement and paint of additives. So, building itself in the high temperature circumstance also can produce pollution, and such pollution also gradually affect indoor environment quality. Ammoni

13、a to skin, mucosa corrosion and stimulating effect, which weakens the human body resistance to illness. </p><p>　　Radon，a radioactive elements. Although the builders in construction of t before was planning

14、plot to radioactive elements testing, assure people from nature in violation of radioactive elements of soil, but in building materials stone, slag, slag and sand most often containing radon. In addition, decorative natu

15、ral stone material and gypsum containing radioactive elements also more. Radon soluble in fat, through breath enter human body, can distribution in the human nervous system, fat and blood</p><p>　　Second, th

16、e measures to prevent the indoor pollutant</p><p>　　1, build indoor environment quality testing system</p><p>　　Formulation and perfect relevant laws and regulations. Our interior decoration des

17、ign startting evening, but with the development of economy and developed rapidly, and the relevant state interior decoration standards and relevant regulations still need for the need of the market further enact and perf

18、ect. Of the proposed regulations relative to the legal sometimes, mandatory more effectively. For instance in recent years for decoration materials the country has issued a 10 "indoor decoration mat</p><p

19、>　　Establish indoor environment quality inspection agencies, through the related administration departments of governments or third party supervision unit set up indoor environment quality inspection agencies, formula

20、te unified detecting procedure, the basis and the implementation method, and developed as soon as possible and equipped with suitable for the indoor harmful gas detection equipment, through indoor harmful gas detection e

21、quipment, testing out indoor harmful gas composition, pollution le</p><p>　　2, strengthen the decoration profession self-discipline</p><p>　　Choose green decoration materials. Design units and d

22、 in selecting decoration materials; should be in accordance with the contractual requirements specified purchase and use the brand, specifications and price, ensure that materials use qualified material quantity and qual

23、ity, do not shoddy, for decoration material or several hotaru larger materials should not periodically do necessary sampling and review, strengthen the industry's self-discipline, set up the good enterprise credit. T

24、he standard</p><p>　　3, a healthy living style</p><p>　　Ventilated reduce indoor pollution concentration. Interior decoration after finish d. Don't rush to prompt occupancy, the most simple

25、decontamination method is to keep indoor air circulation, reduce indoor harmful material concentration. Even in an air-conditioned room, also want to do and, on the other hand, open doors and Windows take a breath of fre

26、sh air action can narrow dilution of indoor pollutant diluent, will be helpful for interior emissions of pollutants: on the other hand help decora</p><p>　　Many green plants on indoor pollutant have strong p

27、urification effect. If aloe, bracketplant, huwei orchid wait can remove the formaldehyde in air. Syria and bracketplant p.c. can assimilate indoor even more than 80% of the harmful gas. And the ability to super absorbs f

28、ormaldehyde. Aloe also have strong absorbs formaldehyde ability, can absorb l cubic meters of air contains the 90% of formaldehyde. And ivy, hornbeam, chrysanthemum, camellia, pomegranates, Daisy, contending, marigold fl

29、owers? Ca</p><p>　　Third, indoor environment quality beforehand assessment</p><p>　　Adopt ventilated take a breath and green plant purifies indoor air quality means such as do not break is a kin

30、d of good decontamination method, but nonetheless is also a kind of mend method. Whether the beginning of joash in design will decorate T rejected pollutants, the stylist puts forward new ideas. Indoor environment qualit

31、y beforehand assessment is based on the interior decoration engineering design content. Applying scientific evaluation method to analyze, predict the interior decoration </p><p>　　Indoor environment played p

32、re-evaluation bud role, from the Angle of the design understanding and using various physical and chemical properties of materials, pollution index and use modes, simple understand up the interior design can be regard as

33、 deeply, before decorate, will take measures to avoid the effect of the design scheme, inappropriate DingYi building materials and construction. To ensure that decorate T have a good process completed the indoor environm

34、ent. Indoor environment beforehan</p><p>　　Now interior decoration material pollution has become a serious threat to human health life security issues, but adornment material to a great extent and protective

35、 of the building of each interface and decorate the indoor environment function, and through the adornment material apply improves the grade of the interior scenes, and further enhance the people to live life taste. Mate

36、rials are not only provides design for stylist inspiration and elements, but also for our life provides appeal.</p><p>　　So, not because of its existing flaws and abandoned, want to use reasonable design met

37、hod for the prevention, strengthen enforcement of laws and regulations. Strengthen the decoration profession self-discipline and carry out scientific and effective measures to management, finally can have a healthy, safe

38、, beautiful and comfortable indoor environment.</p><p>　　室內(nèi)裝飾材料污染的防治措施</p><p>　　隨著現(xiàn)代室內(nèi)裝飾裝修的普及．人們也逐漸意識到室內(nèi)環(huán)境的重要性．大多數(shù)的家庭都希望裝修不會給環(huán)境帶來污染或給自身的健康帶來不利影響．把健康和安全的生活環(huán)境放在了首位．而不再像原來那樣過分地強調(diào)室內(nèi)的裝飾性．這不能不說是一種自覺的理

39、性和進步。相比之下。裝飾材料的生產(chǎn)雖按照國家的有關規(guī)定日趨規(guī)范．但具體室內(nèi)設計和現(xiàn)場施下要求規(guī)范不一．而且沒有嚴格的室內(nèi)環(huán)境檢測標準體系．以及沒有相對專業(yè)的室內(nèi)環(huán)境檢測單位等．這些都使室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量污染的問題仍然突出。</p><p>　　一、室內(nèi)空氣污染的主要來源及危害</p><p>　　目前室內(nèi)空氣污染的主要來源是室內(nèi)裝飾材料及家具。在室內(nèi)裝飾材料中，油漆、膠合板、刨花板、泡沫填料、內(nèi)

40、墻涂料、塑料貼面、黏合劑等材料均含有甲醛、苯、氨、甲苯等有機揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)．這些有機揮發(fā)物在一定的時間內(nèi)會釋放出大量有害氣體．而且是持續(xù)性釋放。在室內(nèi)環(huán)境污染物中主要有甲醛、苯、氨、氡這幾類有害物質(zhì)。</p><p>　　甲醛，一種易揮發(fā)性有害物質(zhì)．裝飾材料中的各種板材、漆料及黏合劑多含有此類物質(zhì)。據(jù)世界癌癥研究機構研究表明，甲醛被列為人類第一類致癌物．甲醛的致癌作用主要取決于其濃度大小．高濃度甲醛對神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)、免疫系

41、統(tǒng)、肝臟等都有毒害作用．更有致畸、致癌作用。</p><p>　　苯，是易揮發(fā)性氣體，一般來源于壁紙、地毯中的黏合劑以及板材類家具中的黏合荊、油漆等．在一定溫度(280C以上)也會出現(xiàn)含苯類物質(zhì)揮發(fā)現(xiàn)象．主要對眼、呼吸道和皮膚有強烈的刺激性作用，對造血功能也有抑制作用。研究證明．慢性苯中毒主要使骨髓造血機能發(fā)生障礙，引起再生障礙性貧血。</p><p>　　氨，易揮發(fā)性有害物質(zhì)．主要是建筑

42、施工中加入了化學物質(zhì)產(chǎn)生氨類揮發(fā)物，多來源于水泥和涂料中的添加劑。所以，建筑物本身在高溫情況下也會產(chǎn)生污染．并且此類污染也逐步影響著室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量。氨氣對皮膚、黏膜有腐蝕和刺激的作用，進而減弱人體對疾病的抵抗力。</p><p>　　氡，一種放射性元素。雖然建筑商在建筑施t前會對所規(guī)劃地塊進行放射性元素檢測．以此保證人們免受自然界土壤中放射性元素的侵害．但在建筑材料石料、礦渣、爐渣和沙中往往大多含有氡。另外．裝飾用

43、的天然石材以及石膏中也多含有放射性元素。氡易溶于脂肪．通過呼吸進入人體．可分布于人體的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)、脂肪和血液，對人體的細胞造成損傷，引發(fā)癌變。</p><p>　　二、防治室內(nèi)污染物的措施</p><p>　　1．建立室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量檢測體系</p><p>　　制定與完善相關法律和法規(guī)。我國的室內(nèi)裝飾設計起步較晚．但隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展而發(fā)展迅速．國家有關室內(nèi)裝飾的標準和相關

44、規(guī)定還需要因市場的需要進一步制定和完善。相對于建議性的法規(guī)，強制性的法律有的時候更能有效。比如近年來針對裝飾材料國家出臺了十種《室內(nèi)裝飾裝修材料有害物質(zhì)限量》標準來限定其產(chǎn)品含有有害物質(zhì)的指標。這極大促進了整個裝飾材料市場有序、健康地發(fā)展。如何構建一個比較完整的室內(nèi)環(huán)境污染控制和評價體系．首先需要盡快進行室內(nèi)有害氣體污染防治方面的對策研究．加大宣傳和執(zhí)行有關法規(guī)、規(guī)章制度的力度。設立室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量檢測機構。通過政府有關管理部門或第i方監(jiān)理

45、單位設立室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量檢測機構．制定統(tǒng)一的檢測流程、依據(jù)和實施方法，并且盡快研制和配備適合國情的室內(nèi)有害氣體檢測設備．通過室內(nèi)有害氣體檢測設備．檢測出室內(nèi)有害氣體組成成分、污染等級。針對不同成分、不同等級的室內(nèi)有害氣體污染．采用不同的檢測設備和方法．使檢測工作有針對性．從而有效控制和降低室內(nèi)的污染程度。</p><p>　　2．加強裝飾行業(yè)自律行為</p><p>　　選用綠色環(huán)保裝飾材料。

46、設計單位和施丁方在選用裝飾材料方面應按照合同要求購買和使用指定品牌、規(guī)格和價格的合格材料，保證材料使用的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量．做到不以次充好．對于裝飾主材或數(shù)螢較大的材料應不定期做必要的抽檢和復查．加強行業(yè)的自律行為．樹立良好的企業(yè)信譽。規(guī)范施工程序和施工管理。在施工過程中應規(guī)范施工程序和完善施工工藝．通過丁藝手段對建筑裝飾材料進行處理．盡可能采用機械打磨．禁止室內(nèi)使用含苯類溶劑的涂料、膠黏劑、處理劑和稀釋劑．以減少室內(nèi)污染。裝修工程結(jié)束時應該進

47、行必要的竣丁驗收．通過有關部門的檢測儀器和國家規(guī)定的標準方法進行室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量檢測．了解室內(nèi)污染狀況．綜合評價裝修T程是否達到人們對環(huán)境和健康的要求．然后經(jīng)過科學的分析．做出科學準確的評價。有針對性地解決室內(nèi)空氣污染問題。</p><p>　　3．健康的居住生活方式</p><p>　　開窗通風降低室內(nèi)污染濃度。室內(nèi)裝飾完丁后。先不要急于立即入?。詈唵蔚某鄯椒ň褪潜３质覂?nèi)空氣流通，降低室

48、內(nèi)有害物質(zhì)的濃度。即使在有空調(diào)的房間，也要做到敞開門窗換氣．一方面新鮮窄氣的稀釋作用可將室內(nèi)的污</p><p>　　染物沖淡．有利于室內(nèi)污染物的排放：另一方面有助于裝修材料中的有毒有害氣體盡早地釋放出來。另外，待裝修完畢后最好打開家具櫥柜的門窗．以較高的力度散發(fā)室內(nèi)空氣污染物。過一段時間后再入住。即便是人住以后也養(yǎng)成早晚開窗通風的良好生活習慣．</p><p>　　種植綠色植物凈化室內(nèi)奪

49、氣質(zhì)量。植物不僅可以美化環(huán)境，還可以凈化空氣。據(jù)研究表明。多種綠色植物對室內(nèi)污染物都具有較強的凈化作用。如蘆薈、吊蘭、虎尾蘭等都可以清除空氣中的甲醛?；⑽蔡m和吊蘭甚至可吸收室內(nèi)80％以上的有害氣體。而且吸收甲醛的能力超強。蘆薈也具有較強吸收甲醛能力．可以吸收l立方米空氣中所含的90％的甲醛。而常青藤、鐵樹、菊花、山茶、石榴、雛菊、臘梅、萬壽菊等能有效地清除二氧化硫、氯、乙醚、乙烯等有害物。</p><p>　　三

50、、室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量預評價</p><p>　　采用通風換氣和綠色植物等方式凈化室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量不失是一種良好的除污方法．但盡管如此也是一種亡羊補牢的方法。能否在設計施T之初就將裝飾污染物拒之門外，這對設計師提出了新的思路。室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量預評價是根據(jù)室內(nèi)裝修工程設計方案的內(nèi)容。運用科學的評價方法。分析、預測室內(nèi)裝修工程建成后存在的危害、室內(nèi)環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量的危害程度．以及室內(nèi)環(huán)境窄氣質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生的化學作用和物理作用影響變化情況。提出

51、科學、合理、可行的技術對策和提供裝飾材料的有毒有害氣體特性參數(shù)．作為裝修T程項目改善設計方案和建筑材料供應的主要依據(jù)。簡單地說，就是在裝修前根據(jù)室內(nèi)裝修設計方案和整個居室的承載度．對最大限度能夠使用的各種材料的數(shù)量做出預算．事先掌握裝修后室內(nèi)空氣的質(zhì)量是否會存在有污染。室內(nèi)環(huán)境預評價起到了防患于未然的作用．從設計的角度了解和運用材料的各種物理化學屬性、污染指標和使用方式，簡單理解起來可以看做室內(nèi)設計的深入，在裝修前，就采取措施避免作用不

52、恰當?shù)脑O計方案、建筑材料和施工丁藝。來確保裝修T程完成后有一個良好的室內(nèi)環(huán)境。室內(nèi)環(huán)境預評價是作為保證裝飾工程建成后具有良好的室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量的一個重要步驟．是一門由多學科知識組成的實用技術</p><p>　　現(xiàn)在室內(nèi)裝飾材料污染已成為嚴重威脅人們健康生活的安全問題．但裝飾材料在很大程度上又起到保護建筑的各個界面和裝飾室內(nèi)環(huán)境的作用．并且通過裝飾材料的運用提高了室內(nèi)場景的檔次．也進一步提升了人們居住生活的品味。材料