單片機(jī)外文翻譯---單片機(jī)休眠-復(fù)位運(yùn)行方式提高抗干擾能力

1、<p>　　Dormancy of the one-chip computer---restore to the throne in the operation way and improve anti- interference ability </p><p>　　Abstract: Introduce a kind of dormancy of using- restore to the thro

2、ne in theoperation way and improve the anti-interference ability method of the one-chip computer;Analyse its scope of application, provide and use the circuit concretly; Combine the instance, analyse the characteristic o

3、f the hardware and software design under these kind of operation way. </p><p>　　Keyword: One-chip computer Restore to the throne /dormancy anti-interference Foreword</p><p>　　Introduction: </

4、p><p>　　With the development at full speed of the microelectric technique, the performance of the one-chip computer improves rapidly, demonstrate the outstanding advantage in the operation, logic control, intel

5、ligent respect, replaced and enlarged the measuring that the circuit made up, control circuit by digital logical circuit, operation originally to a great extent, use very extensivly. But because it have system halted, pr

6、ocedure run critical defect of flying etc, make it limit in a lot of important</p><p>　　1.A principle and implementation method</p><p>　　1.1 Restored to the throne the law regularly unconditiona

7、lly</p><p>　　Use timer, special-purpose clock chip or other pulse generator, produce signal of restoring to the throne regularly according to interval that set for. This kind of method is especially suitable

8、 for the measuring instrument. In not running actually, sample the analog quantity of introduction with A/D converter often, then store showing. This course is very fast, but steady for reading, the data per second are o

9、nly upgraded 1 -2 times, a large amount of time of CPU is used for waiting. Let CPU ca</p><p>　　1.2 The external condition is restored to the throne the law</p><p>　　Some arrival that export or

10、measure is controlled by the outside. For instance, the hot form. of heating, rotate the pulse produced and calculate heat by hot water water wheels, there is no hot water to flow, there is no heat to export, CPU only ne

11、ed in fact keep number value, do not need to count. Can imagine hot water water wheels rotate when parking warm , CPU idle in will it be will it be one season autumn spring and summer, If let dormancy its , measure have

12、water wheels pulse constantly, a</p><p>　　2 .The hardware realizes the main point</p><p>　　2.1 Restored to the throne regularly unconditionally</p><p>　　Generally have 2 kinds of me

13、thods. ① Use theitimer or the special-purpose clock chip to be restored to the throne. Fig1, in order to use the timing circuit that 555 circuit makes up; Can use the clock chips of X1126 ,etc too , wake CPU up with the

14、alarm signal after setting up warning time. This kind of method is suitable when the long interval is made, can also follow the result of this operation ，determine to wake time up in alarm next time temporarily, very fle

15、xible and convenient. ② The sign</p><p>　　2.2 External conditions are restored to the throne </p><p>　　Send external condition pulse to and is restored to the throne the end son after having a f

16、acelift. To that above-mentioned water wheels or the ammeter spend a pulse produced, can use Schmitt's trigger to have a facelift; For writing down the instrument of the biggest or minimum，can use the window comparat

17、or. In order to realize the electronization that is regulated，can use the electronic electric potential device, establish upper and lower limits with the order of the one-chip computer.</p><p>　　2.3 Reduce c

18、ycle and restored to the throne the high electricity at ordinary times</p><p>　　In Fig3, restored to the throne the signal during high level Tr, the one-chip computer is in the state of restoring to the thro

19、ne, the procedure does not run, anti-interference ability is the strongest; After the high level, the one-chip computer begins to hold the conduct procedure. That is to say, are restored to the throne and suitable for th

20、e time that the procedure carries out during the low level Td of the signal, this time should be greater than the execution cycle of the procedure each t</p><p>　　2.4 Treatment of output end sons</p>

21、<p>　　(1) Restore to the throne straight pulse</p><p>　　During all I/O mouth of one-chip computer turn into the high level when restoring to the throne. That is to say output for low pin normally, will

22、according to restore to the throne cycle appear the width for the straight pulse of Tr. This straight pulse will influence the normal output, 2 methods are dealt with: ①  Connect in parallel electric capacity suppre

23、ss , capacity confirm according to Tr time that restore to the throne on the son in end. Reducing Tr can be reduced and connected the elect</p><p>　　Choose the capacity that the output end connects the elect

24、ric capacity in parallel fault-tolerantly and properly, can realize fault-tolerant control. Reduced cycle in a certain, because interfered exporting the wrong level. Because the keeping function of electric capacity, can

25、't still enable exporting the change to the valid level within this cycle; Next cycle , the mistake is corrected. So, so long as does not make mistakes in 2 cycles in succession, it is very fault-tolerant to export C

26、ertain</p><p>　　2.5 has the electricity to measure and restore to the throne manually</p><p>　　Some system is it make some initialize and operate to want at electricity for the first time. Resto

27、red to the throne and already become the beginning condition of normal running each time while adopting the way of restoring to the throne to run , it is unable to distinguish and have the electricity for the first time.

28、 In some pin connects the electric capacity of one ljIF to the ground, measure this pin after being restored to the throne, if low level to have electricity for the first time. Give</p><p>　　3. The software

29、realizes the main point</p><p>　　3.1 is it resume with zero clearing RAM to output</p><p>　　Restore to the throne the last all pin turn high level into , is it should taKe place unnecessary chan

30、ge for low pin to make regularly, so, should resume the state.of all pins immediately after being restored to the throne. There are 2 kinds of methods : ① Analyse and judge immediately after being restored to the throne

31、this time, provide the state of the pin according to the need; ② In being RAM it is the last last state that come down,these RAMs when restored.To the throne regularly can the ze</p><p>　　3.2 realizes crossi

32、ng over and is restored to the throne alternate time sequence</p><p>　　regularly to control</p><p>　　Work in way of restoring to the throne now, start anew and carry out the same procedure repea

33、tedly each time. Can be divided into 2 kinds of situations: ① As to simple to show instrument, carry on measurement ，send off showing after being restored to the throne each time, have causality between restoring to the

34、throne twice . need is it switch over to the dormancy to waiting original only. Should pay attention to, measurement, give total time used to show is it is it restore to the throne low el</p><p>　　In 4 Fig,

35、act as person who protect the beginning at the electricity, is it transmit power 0 to try at first. 5s, points out and transmits power soon; Transmit power formally after waiting for 30s. It is start-up time in 1s after

36、transmitting power, does not measure the electric current. Start after finishing, if all going well, the location is put" normal sign ", person who protect restore to the throne cycle enter normal running in th

37、e next one. Try 0 that transmits power. 5s is it is it reali</p><p><b>　　Result:</b></p><p>　　Conclusion Anti-interference is an important problem in an electronic design, especially

38、 Important in the one-chip computer. This is because the one-chip computer has procedures to run particularity that flies, the consequence that it is interfered may be the system halted, may send out various kinds of mis

39、takes or illegal movements before the system halted too, make the whole system produce the mortality mistake. So, only guarantee it is not enough yet for one-chip computer not to crash, study </p><p>　　單片機(jī)休眠

40、-復(fù)位運(yùn)行方式提高抗干擾能力</p><p>　　摘要：介紹一種用休眠-復(fù)位運(yùn)行方式提高單片機(jī)抗干擾能力的方法；分析其適用范圍，給出具體應(yīng)用電路；結(jié)合實(shí)例，分析這種運(yùn)行方式下硬件和軟件設(shè)計(jì)的特點(diǎn)。 關(guān)鍵詞：單片機(jī) 復(fù)位/休眠 抗干擾 引 言隨著微電子技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，單片機(jī)的性能迅速提高，在運(yùn)算、邏輯控制、智能化方面顯示出非凡的優(yōu)勢，在很大程度上取代了原來由數(shù)字邏輯電路、運(yùn)算放大電路組成的檢測

41、、控制電路，應(yīng)用非常廣泛。但由于它存在著死機(jī)、程序跑飛等致命缺陷，使它在許多重要場合的應(yīng)用受到限制。在抗干擾方面的許多技術(shù)，比如設(shè)軟件陷阱、加硬件看門狗電路等，可使這一問題有較好的解決，但仍然存在問題：① 看門狗動作時(shí)，意味著已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了錯(cuò)誤，且運(yùn)行了一段時(shí)間，這在有些場合是不允許的；② 有時(shí)程序出現(xiàn)死循環(huán)錯(cuò)誤，但是剛好把看門狗控制環(huán)節(jié)包含進(jìn)去，對于這樣的錯(cuò)誤采用看門狗無法識別；③ 在檢測控制周期比較長的系統(tǒng)中，單片機(jī)花大量時(shí)間等待外設(shè)，

42、執(zhí)行等待命令時(shí)同樣會受到干擾。針對這些情況，我們在實(shí)踐中嘗試了主動復(fù)位的辦法，采用等間隔的脈沖或根據(jù)外部條件對單片機(jī)進(jìn)行復(fù)位喚醒。每次復(fù)位后，單片機(jī)執(zhí)行相應(yīng)的程序，執(zhí)行完任務(wù)后及時(shí)進(jìn)入休眠，等待</p><p>　　1.2 外部條件復(fù)位法有些輸出或測量的啟動是由外部控制的。如暖氣熱表，靠熱水水輪旋轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)生的脈沖計(jì)算熱量，沒有熱水流動，就沒有熱量輸出，CPU只要保持原來數(shù)值即可，不需要計(jì)數(shù)?？梢韵胂螅Ｅ瘯r(shí)熱

43、水水輪不轉(zhuǎn)，CPU在春夏秋三季則無事可做；如果讓其休眠，而不是時(shí)刻檢測有無水輪脈沖，抗干擾能力會大大增強(qiáng)。因此，只要把水輪脈沖與CPU的復(fù)位聯(lián)系起來，水輪每旋轉(zhuǎn)1周，CPU復(fù)位1次，熱表就可以正常工作了，這就是外部條件復(fù)位法。類似的應(yīng)用還有半電子式電度表，當(dāng)機(jī)械度盤旋轉(zhuǎn)1周時(shí)才進(jìn)行1個(gè)計(jì)數(shù)，用戶不用電，CPU會一直休眠。這種方法的復(fù)位間隔不是固定的，而是根據(jù)外部條件確定的。在有些場合，休眠的時(shí)間會很長，對提高抗干擾能力非常有效。2

44、硬件實(shí)現(xiàn)要點(diǎn)2.1 無條件定時(shí)復(fù)位 一般有2種方法。① 使用定時(shí)器或?qū)Ｓ脮r(shí)鐘芯片復(fù)位。圖1為使用555電路組成的定時(shí)電路；也可以使用X1126之類的時(shí)鐘芯片，設(shè)置報(bào)警時(shí)間后用報(bào)警信號喚醒CPU。這種方法適用于長間隔定時(shí)，還可以根據(jù)本次運(yùn)算的結(jié)果，臨時(shí)決定下一次的報(bào)警喚醒時(shí)間，非常靈活方便。② 使用系統(tǒng)固有的信號作為定時(shí)復(fù)位脈沖。例如使用50Hz工</p><p>　　2.2 外部條件復(fù)位把外部

45、條件脈沖整形后送到復(fù)位端子。對于上述水輪或電表度盤產(chǎn)生的脈沖，可以使用施密特觸發(fā)器整形；對于記錄最大或最小值的儀器，可使用窗口比較器。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)調(diào)節(jié)的電子化，可以使用電子電位器，用單片機(jī)指令設(shè)定上下限。2.3 復(fù)位周期與復(fù)位高電平時(shí)間圖3中，復(fù)位信號在高電平Tr期間，單片機(jī)處在復(fù)位狀態(tài)，程序不運(yùn)行，抗干擾能力最強(qiáng)；高電平過后，單片機(jī)開始執(zhí)行程序。也就是說，復(fù)位信號的低電平Td期間是可供程序執(zhí)行的時(shí)間，這個(gè)時(shí)間要大于每次程序的執(zhí)

46、行周期。合理選擇復(fù)位周期和復(fù)位信號的高電平占空比非常重要。對于單純顯示儀表，復(fù)位周期決定數(shù)據(jù)刷新周期，低電平時(shí)間要大于檢測、送顯示的全部時(shí)間；否則，會出現(xiàn)永遠(yuǎn)不能完整執(zhí)行程序的錯(cuò)誤。單片機(jī)在Ts和Tr期間都能有效地抗干擾，但是最好還是把多余時(shí)間安排在Tr內(nèi)。當(dāng)程序執(zhí)行時(shí)間較長，要求盡量縮短Tr時(shí)，可加入微分電路，如圖1中的C30、R26、D9。2.4 輸出端子的處理(1)復(fù)位期間的正脈沖復(fù)位期間單片機(jī)的全部I/O口變

47、成高電平。也就是說，正常輸出為低的引腳，會按照復(fù)位周期出現(xiàn)寬度為Tr的正脈沖。這個(gè)正脈</p><p>　　3 軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)要點(diǎn)3.1 輸出恢復(fù)與不清零RAM定時(shí)復(fù)位后全部引腳變成高電平，使得本應(yīng)為低的引腳發(fā)生了不應(yīng)有的變化，因此，復(fù)位后要立即恢復(fù)所有引腳的狀態(tài)。有2種方法：① 本次復(fù)位后立即進(jìn)行分析判斷，根據(jù)需要給出引腳狀態(tài)；② 根據(jù)RAM中上一次留存下來的狀態(tài)，這些RAM在定時(shí)復(fù)位時(shí)是不能清零的；而在

48、初上電或手動復(fù)位按下時(shí)應(yīng)清零，在軟件編制時(shí)要體現(xiàn)出來。如果計(jì)算時(shí)間允許，盡量采取方法1。因?yàn)檫B續(xù)2次復(fù)位周期都計(jì)算出錯(cuò)的概率很小，按照2.4敘述的輸出端子并聯(lián)電容的處理方法，可以達(dá)到很好的抗干擾效果。3.2 實(shí)現(xiàn)跨越定時(shí)復(fù)位間隔的時(shí)序控制現(xiàn)在用復(fù)位方式工作，每次從頭開始反復(fù)執(zhí)行同一程序?？煞譃?種情況：① 對于單純顯示儀表，每次復(fù)位后進(jìn)行測量、送顯示，兩次復(fù)位之間沒有因果關(guān)系，只需把原來的等待改為休眠即可。要注意的是，測量、

49、送顯示用的總時(shí)間要小于復(fù)位低電平時(shí)間，否則會出現(xiàn)永遠(yuǎn)不能完整執(zhí)行程序的錯(cuò)誤。② 對于有時(shí)序控制的應(yīng)用，每次復(fù)位后，先要查看上個(gè)周期留下的標(biāo)志，以決定本周期做什么。也就是說，凡是跨過復(fù)位周期的操作，都是靠標(biāo)志傳遞的，這些標(biāo)志存放在內(nèi)部RAM中，只有初上電</p><p>　　圖5 變壓器保護(hù)器部分程序流程結(jié) 語抗干擾是電子設(shè)計(jì)中的重要問題，在單片機(jī)中尤其重要。這是因?yàn)閱纹瑱C(jī)有程序跑飛的特殊性，它受到干擾