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1、<p>  畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文翻譯</p><p>  題 目: 基于51單片機(jī)溫度報(bào)警器的設(shè)計(jì) </p><p>  英文題目: 51 MCU-based design of a temperature alarm </p><p>  系 別: 信息工程系 </p><

2、p>  專 業(yè): ____ _測控技術(shù)與儀器_______</p><p>  班 級: ___ _測控0804__ ______</p><p>  學(xué) 號: ____ _0803020413__ </p><p>  姓 名: __ ______王勇__ ___________&

3、lt;/p><p>  指導(dǎo)老師: 馬帥 </p><p>  填表日期: _______________ _</p><p><b>  單片機(jī)</b></p><p>  單片機(jī)是指一個(gè)集成在一塊芯片上的完整計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)。盡管他的大部分功能集成

4、在一塊小芯片上,但是它具有一個(gè)完整計(jì)算機(jī)所需要的大部分部件:CPU、內(nèi)存、內(nèi)部和外部總線系統(tǒng),目前大部分還會(huì)具有外存。同時(shí)集成諸如通訊接口、定時(shí)器,實(shí)時(shí)時(shí)鐘等外圍設(shè)備。而現(xiàn)在最強(qiáng)大的單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)甚至可以將聲音、圖像、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、復(fù)雜的輸入輸出系統(tǒng)集成在一塊芯片上。</p><p>  單片機(jī)也被稱為微控制器(Microcontroller),是因?yàn)樗钤绫挥迷诠I(yè)控制領(lǐng)域。單片機(jī)由芯片內(nèi)僅有CPU的專用處理器發(fā)展而來。最

5、早的設(shè)計(jì)理念是通過將大量外圍設(shè)備和CPU集成在一個(gè)芯片中,使計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)更小,更容易集成進(jìn)復(fù)雜的而對提及要求嚴(yán)格的控制設(shè)備當(dāng)中。INTEL的Z80是最早按照這種思想設(shè)計(jì)出的處理器,從此以后,單片機(jī)和專用處理器的發(fā)展便分道揚(yáng)鑣。</p><p>  早期的單片機(jī)都是8位或4位的。其中最成功的是INTEL的8031,因?yàn)楹唵慰煽慷阅懿诲e(cuò)獲得了很大的好評。此后在8031上發(fā)展出了MCS51系列單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)?;谶@一系統(tǒng)的

6、單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)直到現(xiàn)在還在廣泛使用。隨著工業(yè)控制領(lǐng)域要求的提高,開始出現(xiàn)了16位單片機(jī),但因?yàn)樾詢r(jià)比不理想并未得到很廣泛的應(yīng)用。90年代后隨著消費(fèi)電子產(chǎn)品大發(fā)展,單片機(jī)技術(shù)得到了巨大的提高。隨著INTEL i960系列特別是后來的ARM系列的廣泛應(yīng)用,32位單片機(jī)迅速取代16位單片機(jī)的高端地位,并且進(jìn)入主流市場。而傳統(tǒng)的8位單片機(jī)的性能也得到了飛速提高,處理能力比起80年代提高了數(shù)百倍。目前,高端的32位單片機(jī)主頻已經(jīng)超過300MHz,性能

7、直追90年代中期的專用處理器,而普通的型號出廠價(jià)格跌落至1美元,最高端的型號也只有10美元。當(dāng)代單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)不再只在裸機(jī)環(huán)境下開發(fā)和使用,大量專用的嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)被廣泛應(yīng)用在全系列的單片機(jī)上。而在作為掌上電腦和手機(jī)核心處理的高端單片機(jī)甚至可以直接使用專用的Windows和Linux操作系統(tǒng)。</p><p>  8051單片機(jī)由運(yùn)算器、控制器、寄存器等組成。運(yùn)算器以完成二進(jìn)制的算術(shù)/邏輯運(yùn)算部件ALU為核心,再

8、加上暫存器TMP、累加器ACC、寄存器B、程序狀態(tài)標(biāo)志寄存器PSW及布爾處理器。累加器ACC是一個(gè)八位寄存器,它是CPU中工作最頻繁的寄存器。在進(jìn)行算術(shù)、邏輯運(yùn)算時(shí),累加器ACC往往在運(yùn)算前暫存一個(gè)操作數(shù)(如被加數(shù)),而運(yùn)算后又保存其結(jié)果(如代數(shù)和)。寄存器B主要用于乘法和除法操作。標(biāo)志寄存器PSW也是一個(gè)八位寄存器,用來存放運(yùn)算結(jié)果的一些特征,如有無進(jìn)位、借位等。其每位的具體含意如下所示。PSW CY AC FO RS1 RS0 OV

9、—P對用戶來講,最關(guān)心的是以下四點(diǎn)。</p><p>  1. 進(jìn)位標(biāo)志CY(PSW7)。它表示了運(yùn)算是否有進(jìn)位(或借位)。如果操作結(jié)果在最高位有進(jìn)位(加法)或者借位(減法),則該位為1,否則為0。2.</p><p>  2. 輔助進(jìn)位標(biāo)志AC。又稱半進(jìn)位標(biāo)志,它反映了兩個(gè)八位數(shù)運(yùn)算低四位是否有半進(jìn)位,即低四位相加(或減)有否進(jìn)位(或借位),如有則AC為1狀態(tài),否則為0。</p&g

10、t;<p>  3. 溢出標(biāo)志位OV。MCS—1反映帶符號數(shù)的運(yùn)算結(jié)果是否有溢出,有溢出時(shí),此位為1,否則為0。</p><p>  4. 奇偶標(biāo)志P。反映累加器ACC內(nèi)容的奇偶性,如果ACC中的運(yùn)算結(jié)果有偶數(shù)個(gè)1(如11001100B,其中有4個(gè)1),則P為0,否則,P=1。PSW的其它位,將在以后再介紹。由于PSW存放程序執(zhí)行中的狀態(tài),故又叫程序狀態(tài)字,運(yùn)算器中還有一個(gè)按位(bit)進(jìn)行邏輯運(yùn)算

11、的邏輯處理機(jī)(又稱布爾處理機(jī))。其功能在介紹位指令時(shí)再說明。關(guān)于控制器,控制器是CPU的神經(jīng)中樞,它包括定時(shí)控制邏輯電路、指令寄存器、譯碼器、地址指針DPTR及程序計(jì)數(shù)器PC、堆棧指針SP等。這里程序計(jì)數(shù)器PC是由16位寄存器構(gòu)成的計(jì)數(shù)器。要單片機(jī)執(zhí)行一個(gè)程序,就必須把該程序按順序預(yù)先裝入存儲(chǔ)器ROM的某個(gè)區(qū)域。單片機(jī)動(dòng)作時(shí)應(yīng)按順序一條條取出指令來加以執(zhí)行。因此,必須有一個(gè)電路能找出指令所在的單元地址,該電路就是程序計(jì)數(shù)器PC。當(dāng)單片機(jī)

12、開始執(zhí)行程序時(shí),給PC裝入第一條指令所在地址,它每取出一條指令(如為多字節(jié)指令,則每取出一個(gè)指令字節(jié)),PC的內(nèi)容就自動(dòng)加1,以指向下一條指令的地址,使指令能順序執(zhí)行。只有當(dāng)程序遇到轉(zhuǎn)移指令、子程序調(diào)用指令,或遇到中斷時(shí),PC才轉(zhuǎn)到所需要的地方去。8051 CPU指定的地址,從ROM相應(yīng)單元</p><p>  再來介紹一下存儲(chǔ)器,存儲(chǔ)器是單片機(jī)的又一個(gè)重要組成部分,有一種存儲(chǔ)容量為256個(gè)單元的存儲(chǔ)器結(jié)構(gòu)。其中

13、每個(gè)存儲(chǔ)單元對應(yīng)一個(gè)地址,256個(gè)單元共有256個(gè)地址,用兩位16進(jìn)制數(shù)表示,即存儲(chǔ)器的地址(00H~FFH)。存儲(chǔ)器中每個(gè)存儲(chǔ)單元可存放一個(gè)八位二進(jìn)制信息,通常用兩位16進(jìn)制數(shù)來表示,這就是存儲(chǔ)器的內(nèi)容。存儲(chǔ)器的存儲(chǔ)單元地址和存儲(chǔ)單元的內(nèi)容是不同的兩個(gè)概念,不能混淆。單片機(jī)還包括程序存儲(chǔ)器。程序是控制計(jì)算機(jī)動(dòng)作的一系列命令,單片機(jī)只認(rèn)識由“0”和“1”代碼構(gòu)成的機(jī)器指令。如前述用助記符編寫的命令MOV A,#20H,換成機(jī)器認(rèn)識的代碼

14、74H、20H:(寫成二進(jìn)制就是01110100B和00100000B)。在單片機(jī)處理問題之前必須事先將編好的程序、表格、常數(shù)匯編成機(jī)器代碼后存入單片機(jī)的存儲(chǔ)器中,該存儲(chǔ)器稱為程序存儲(chǔ)器。程序存儲(chǔ)器可以放在片內(nèi)或片外,亦可片內(nèi)片外同時(shí)設(shè)置。由于PC程序計(jì)數(shù)器為16位,使得程序存儲(chǔ)器可用16位二進(jìn)制地址,因此,內(nèi)外存儲(chǔ)器的地址最大可從0000H到FFFFH。8051內(nèi)部有4k字節(jié)的ROM,就占用了由0000H~0FFFH的最低4k個(gè)字節(jié),

15、這時(shí)片外擴(kuò)充的程序</p><p>  特殊功能寄存器(SFR)的地址范圍為80H~FFH。在MCS-51中,除程序計(jì)數(shù)器PC和四個(gè)工作寄存器區(qū)外,其余21個(gè)特殊功能寄存器都在這SFR塊中。其中5個(gè)是雙字節(jié)寄存器,它們共占用了26個(gè)字節(jié)。各特殊功能寄存器的符號和地址。其中帶*號的可位尋址。特殊功能寄存器反映了8051的狀態(tài),實(shí)際上是8051的狀態(tài)字及控制字寄存器。用于CPU PSW便是典型一例。這些特殊功能寄存器

16、大體上分為兩類,一類與芯片的引腳有關(guān),另一類作片內(nèi)功能的控制用。與芯片引腳有關(guān)的特殊功能寄存器是P0~P3,它們實(shí)際上是4個(gè)8位鎖存器(每個(gè)I/O口一個(gè)),每個(gè)鎖存器附加有相應(yīng)的輸出驅(qū)動(dòng)器和輸入緩沖器就構(gòu)成了一個(gè)并行口。MCS-51共有P0~P3四個(gè)這樣的并行口,可提供32根I/O線,每根線都是雙向的,并且大都有第二功能。其余用于芯片控制的寄存器中,累加器A、標(biāo)志寄存器PSW、數(shù)據(jù)指針DPTR等的功能前已提及。</p>&

17、lt;p>  下面再來談?wù)撊绾巫寙纹瑱C(jī)如何正常工作。單片機(jī)要正常運(yùn)作,事先需編制程序,再把程序放入存貯器中,然后由CPU執(zhí)行該程序。程序是由指令組成的,指令的基本組成是操作碼和操作數(shù)。單片機(jī)的品種很多,設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)怎樣表示操作碼和操作數(shù),都有各自的規(guī)定,再有指令代碼也各不相同,因此,必須對所選單片機(jī)的全部指令,也就是所謂“指令系統(tǒng)”,有足夠的了解。各個(gè)系列的單片機(jī)雖然有不同的指令系統(tǒng),但也有其共同性。掌握一種單片機(jī)的指令系統(tǒng),對其它系列

18、單片機(jī)可以起到觸類旁通的作用。MCS-51單片機(jī)應(yīng)用廣泛、派生品種多、具有代表性。所以,這里以MCS-51系列的指令系統(tǒng)為例說明“指令”的組成和應(yīng)用。例子1,MOV A,#20H:這條指令表示把20H這個(gè)數(shù)送入累加器A中(一個(gè)特殊功能寄存器)。例子2,ADD A,70H:這條指令表示把累加器A中的內(nèi)容(在上例中送入的#20H)和存貯器中地址為70H單元中的內(nèi)容(也是一個(gè)數(shù)字),通過算術(shù)邏輯單元(英文縮寫為ALU)相加,并將結(jié)果保留在A中

19、。這里MOV、ADD等稱為操作碼,而A、#20H、70H等均稱為操作數(shù)。在匯編語言程序中,操作碼通常由英文單詞縮寫而成,這樣有助于記憶,所以</p><p>  下面再談AT89C51單片機(jī)性能介紹。AT89C51是一種帶4K字節(jié)閃爍可編程可擦除只讀存儲(chǔ)器(FPEROM—Flash :Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory)的低電壓,高性能CMOS8位微處理器,俗稱單

20、片機(jī)。該器件采用ATMEL高密度非易失存儲(chǔ)器制造技術(shù)制造,與工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的MCS-51指令集和輸出管腳相兼容。由于將多功能8位CPU和閃爍存儲(chǔ)器組合在單個(gè)芯片中,ATMEL的AT89C51是一種高效微控制器,為很多嵌入式控制系統(tǒng)提供了一種靈活性高且價(jià)廉的方案。</p><p>  1.主要特性:與MCS-51兼容,4K字節(jié)可編程閃爍存儲(chǔ)器,壽命:1000寫/擦循環(huán),數(shù)據(jù)保留時(shí)間:10年,全靜態(tài)工作:0Hz-24Hz,

21、三級程序存儲(chǔ)器鎖定,128*8位內(nèi)部RAM,32可編程I/O線,兩個(gè)16位定時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器,5個(gè)中斷源,可編程串行通道,低功耗的閑置和掉電模式,片內(nèi)振蕩器和時(shí)鐘電路。</p><p>  2.管腳說明:VCC:供電電壓,GND:接地,P0口:P0口為一個(gè)8位漏級開路雙向I/O口,每腳可吸收8TTL門電流。當(dāng)P1口的管腳第一次寫1時(shí),被定義為高阻輸入。P0能夠用于外部程序數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器,它可以被定義為數(shù)據(jù)/地址的第八位。

22、在FIASH編程時(shí),P0 口作為原碼輸入口,當(dāng)FIASH進(jìn)行校驗(yàn)時(shí),P0輸出原碼,此時(shí)P0外部必須被拉高。</p><p>  P1口:P1口是一個(gè)內(nèi)部提供上拉電阻的8位雙向I/O口,P1口緩沖器能接收輸出4TTL門電流。P1口管腳寫入1后,被內(nèi)部上拉為高,可用作輸入,P1口被外部下拉為低電平時(shí),將輸出電流,這是由于內(nèi)部上拉的緣故。在FLASH編程和校驗(yàn)時(shí),P1口作為第8位地址接收。</p><

23、;p>  P2口:P2口為一個(gè)內(nèi)部上拉電阻的8位雙向I/O口,P2口緩沖器可接收,輸出4個(gè)TTL門電流,當(dāng)P2口被寫“1”時(shí),其管腳被內(nèi)部上拉電阻拉高,且作為輸入。并因此作為輸入時(shí),P2口的管腳被外部拉低,將輸出電流。這是由于內(nèi)部上拉的緣故。P2口當(dāng)用于外部程序存儲(chǔ)器或16位地址外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器進(jìn)行存取時(shí),P2口輸出地址的高八位。在給出地址“1”時(shí),它利用內(nèi)部上拉優(yōu)勢,當(dāng)對外部8位地址數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器進(jìn)行讀寫時(shí),P2口輸出其特殊功能寄存器

24、的內(nèi)容。P2口在FLASH編程和校驗(yàn)時(shí)接收高8位地址信號和控制信號。</p><p>  P3口:P3口管腳是8個(gè)帶內(nèi)部上拉電阻的雙向I/O口,可接收輸出4個(gè)TTL門電流。當(dāng)P3口寫入“1”后,它們被內(nèi)部上拉為高電平,并用作輸入。作為輸入,由于外部下拉為低電平,P3口將輸出電流(ILL)這是由于上拉的緣故。P3口也可作為AT89C51的一些特殊功能口:P3.0 RXD(串行輸入口)、P3.1 TXD(串行輸出口)

25、、P3.2 /INT0(外部中斷0)、P3.3 /INT1(外部中斷1)、P3.4 T0(記時(shí)器0外部輸入)、P3.5 T1(記時(shí)器1外部輸入)、P3.6 /WR(外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器寫選通)、P3.7 /RXD(外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器讀選通)。P3口同時(shí)為閃爍編程和編程校驗(yàn)接收一些控制信號。</p><p>  RST:復(fù)位輸入。當(dāng)振蕩器復(fù)位器件時(shí),要保持RST腳兩個(gè)機(jī)器周期的高電平時(shí)間。</p><p&

26、gt;  ALE/PROG:當(dāng)訪問外部存儲(chǔ)器時(shí),地址鎖存允許的輸出電平用于鎖存地址的地位字節(jié)。在FLASH編程期間,此引腳用于輸入編程脈沖。在平時(shí),ALE端以不變的頻率周期輸出正脈沖信號,此頻率為振蕩器頻率的1/6。因此它可用作對外部輸出的脈沖或用于定時(shí)目的。然而要注意的是:每當(dāng)用作外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器時(shí),將跳過一個(gè)ALE脈沖。如想禁止ALE的輸出可在SFR8EH地址上置0。此時(shí), ALE只有在執(zhí)行MOVX,MOVC指令是ALE才起作用。另外

27、,該引腳被略微拉高。如果微處理器在外部執(zhí)行狀態(tài)ALE禁止,置位無效。</p><p>  /PSEN:外部程序存儲(chǔ)器的選通信號。在由外部程序存儲(chǔ)器取指期間,每個(gè)機(jī)器周期兩次/PSEN有效。但在訪問外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器時(shí),這兩次有效的/PSEN信號將不出現(xiàn)。/EA/VPP:當(dāng)/EA保持低電平時(shí),則在此期間外部程序存儲(chǔ)器(0000H~FFFFH),不管是否有內(nèi)部程序存儲(chǔ)器。注意加密方式,/EA將內(nèi)部鎖定為RESET;當(dāng)/E

28、A端保持高電平時(shí),此間內(nèi)部程序存儲(chǔ)器。在FLASH編程期間,此引腳也用于施加12V編程電源(VPP)。</p><p>  XTAL1:反向振蕩放大器的輸入及內(nèi)部時(shí)鐘工作電路的輸入。 </p><p>  XTAL2:來自反向振蕩器的輸出。</p><p>  振蕩器:XTAL1和XTAL2分別為反向放大器的輸入和輸出。該反向放大器可以配置為片內(nèi)振蕩器。石晶振蕩和陶

29、瓷振蕩均可采用。如采用外部時(shí)鐘源驅(qū)動(dòng)器件,XTAL2應(yīng)不接。有余輸入至內(nèi)部時(shí)鐘信號要通過一個(gè)二分頻觸發(fā)器,因此對外部時(shí)鐘信號的脈寬無任何要求,但必須保證脈沖的高低電平要求的寬度。</p><p>  芯片擦除: 整個(gè)PEROM陣列和三個(gè)鎖定位的電擦除可通過正確的控制信號組合,并保持ALE管腳處于低電平10ms 來完成。在芯片擦操作中,代碼陣列全被寫“1”且在任何非空存儲(chǔ)字節(jié)被重復(fù)編程以前,該操作必須被執(zhí)行。此外,

30、AT89C51設(shè)有穩(wěn)態(tài)邏輯,可以在低到零頻率的條件下靜態(tài)邏輯,支持兩種軟件可選的掉電模式。在閑置模式下,CPU停止工作。</p><p>  但RAM,定時(shí)器,計(jì)數(shù)器,串口和中斷系統(tǒng)仍在工作。在掉電模式下,保存RAM的內(nèi)容并且凍結(jié)振蕩器,禁止所用其他芯片功能,直到下一個(gè)硬件復(fù)位為止。</p><p>  About Single-chip</p><p>  Ref

31、ers to an integrated single-chip at a chip on the integrity of computer systems. Even though most of his features at a small chip on, but it has a complete computer most of the necessary components: CPU, memory, internal

32、 and external bus system, most will have the Core. At the same time, such as integrated communication interfaces, timers, real-time clock and other peripheral equipment. And now the most powerful single-chip microcompute

33、r system can even voice, image, network, complex input an</p><p>  Single-chip 8051 CPU by the operator and controller. Calculator to complete the binary arithmetic/logic operations Parts ALU at the core, to

34、gether with registers on TMP, accumulator ACC, register B, the procedure register PSW status symbol and Boolean processor. Accumulator ACC is an eight registers, which are the most frequent job of CPU registers. In arith

35、metic, logic operations, the accumulator ACC is often a temporary one at pre-computing operands (such as being summand), and computing and t</p><p>  First of all, the binary symbol CY (PSW7). Whether or not

36、 it has express a binary operator (or borrow bits). If the operation results at the highest level there is binary (addition) or borrow (subtraction), the bit is 1, otherwise to 0. Secondly, auxiliary binary symbol AC.

37、 Also known as semi-binary logo, it reflects both the number eight computing whether there is a half low of four binary, that is, the sum of the four low (or minus) has not binary (or borrow), and if there is AC for one

38、sta</p><p>  When beginning the implementation of single-chip program, to the PC load instructions where the first address, it took out one of each command (such as for multi-byte instructions, each took out

39、 a command byte), PC will automatically add the contents of one to point to the next instruction address, so that instruction can be the order of implementation. Only when the process encountered in the transfer of instr

40、uctions, subroutine call instructions, or encountered failure (after the introduction)</p><p>  Then tell us about memory, memory MCU are also an important component of has a storage capacity of 256 units of

41、 memory structure. One of each memory cell corresponds to an address, a total of 256 unit 256 addresses, use two 16 hexadecimal numbers, that is, memory address (00H ~ FFH). Memory of each memory cell can store one of ei

42、ght binary information, usually using two 16-band number to express, and this is the contents of memory. Memory storage unit address and the contents of memory cells are</p><p>  Special Function Register (S

43、FR) address the range of 80H ~ FFH. At MCS-51, in addition to program counter register PC and four job outside the region, and the remaining 21 special function registers in this block in SFR. Are one of five double-byte

44、 register, and they take up a total of 26 bytes. Special Function Registers of the symbols and addresses, see Schedule 2. With * one of the available-bit addressing. Special Function Registers status reflects the 8051, 8

45、051 are in fact the status word </p><p>  Here again how to talk about how to make single-chip work correctly. Single-chip to normal operation to be programmed in advance, and then the procedure Add memory,

46、and then by the CPU to implement the program. Procedures are composed by the instructions, directives are the basic components and operation of several op -code. A lot of single-chip varieties, how to express the design

47、of op-code and operand, have their own requirements, and then there is instruction code varies, therefore, must be </p><p>  Operand has a wide range of express law, such as more than a few # 20H is called i

48、mmediately, namely, 20H operand is true. And 70H is the memory address of a unit in the unit, placed operand (for example, are 3AH), ADD A, 70H instead of 70H and add the contents of A, but from memory 70H unit 3AH will

49、remove the content and the sum of A. By up, we can see that the actual operation to find a few, and sometimes have to turn a corner, and even turn some bends, this process is known as addressable, M</p><p> 

50、 First, immediately addressing: operand writing in the directive on, and on the procedures with op-code in memory. Put "#" is placed immediately in front of a few to express the way for addressing the immediate

51、 addressing, such as # 20H.</p><p>  Second, register addressing: operand on the register, in the directive to register the name directly to express operand address. For example, MOV A, R0 to belong to regis

52、ter addressing, the contents of register R0 is about to accumulator A Medium.</p><p>  Third, directly addressing: operand MCU internal RAM on a unit, in the instruction directly write the address of the mod

53、ule. Precedent such as the ADD A, 70H in 70H.</p><p>  Four, register indirect addressing: operand RAM on a particular unit, the unit's address also on the register R0 or R1 Medium. If the address of RAM

54、 is greater than 256, the address stored in 16-bit register DPTR (data pointer), the time at the former register add @ symbol to indicate such an indirect addressing. Such as MOV A, @ R0.</p><p>  Other side

55、s have variable addressing, relative addressing, bit-addressable and so on, to be detailed later.</p><p>  Some people might ask, in the instruction directly give the number of actual operation is not easy t

56、o understand? Why should we use several other addressable way</p><p>  This is because it is very difficult in the preparation of procedures immediately give operand. Such as using single-chip control of tem

57、perature, from time to time required to control a given temperature (such as 20 #) minus the ambient temperature, and ambient temperature has changed from time to time, apparently unable to give orders in the proceedings

58、 only through the way must be into an input / output port, and then stored in a register, which must be used for addressable register. Another e</p><p>  AT89C51 single-chip performance talk about the follow

59、ing introduction. AT89C51 is a flicker with 4K byte erasable programmable read-only memory (FPEROM-Falsh Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory) of low-voltage, high-performance CMOS8 bit microprocessor, commonly kno

60、wn as single-chip microcomputer. The device ATMEL manufacture high-density nonvolatile memory technology with industry-standard MCS-51 Instruction set and output pin compatible. Because of the multi-purpose 8-bit CPU and

61、 flash </p><p>  Encryption method, / EA will be locked for internal RESET; When / EA to maintain high-end, the internal program memory here. At FLASH programming period, this pin is also used to exert power

62、 12V programming (VPP). XTAL1: reverse oscillation amplifier job input and internal clock circuit input. XTAL2: Output from the oscillator reverse.</p><p>  Oscillator: XTAL1 and XTAL2 are the reverse of the

63、 input and output amplifier. The amplifier can be configured to reverse-chip oscillator. Crystals and ceramic oscillation can be used. Such as the use of an external clock source drive device, XTAL2 should be no access.

64、More than input to the internal clock signal through a two sub-frequency flip-flop, so the external clock signal pulse width without any request, but must ensure that the high-low pulse width requirements. </p>&l

65、t;p>  Chip Erase: The entire array and three PEROM lock bit erase electricity through the correct combination of control signals and to maintain the ALE pin at the low 10ms to complete. At chip wipe operation, code ar

66、rays were all Writing "1" and in any non-empty memory byte has been programmed to repeat the past, the operation must be executed. In addition, AT89C51 has a steady-state logic, can be at low to zero frequency

67、under the conditions of static logic, supports two software selectable power-do</p><p>  However, RAM, timers, counters, serial port and interrupt system are still working. At Power-down mode, to preserve th

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