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1、<p><b>  附錄A 外文原文</b></p><p>  3G Technology</p><p>  3G is a global development of communication standards and technologies. This development will lead to your being able to ac

2、cess multimedia services with your mobile phone. </p><p>  You may have seen terms in the news like GPRS, EDGE, WCDMA, and UMTS. All of these are concepts related to development of mobile communication netwo

3、rks to 3G. </p><p>  Although the technology behind 3G may seem complicated, the ways in which 3G will affect all of our lives are easy to imagine. Just imagine having a combined camera, videocamera, compute

4、r, stereo, and radio included in your mobile phone. Rich-media information and entertainment will be at your fingertips whenever you want anywhere there is a wireless network. </p><p>  Mobile communication

5、is moving from simple voice to rich media, where we use more of our senses to intensify our experiences. </p><p>  But not all of this will happen at once. 3G is an evolution to a communications ideal that w

6、e cannot see the end of yet. We do know that mobile multimedia will hit the Japanese markets, and Europe and North America will follow soon after. </p><p>  We also know that, regardless of whether you find

7、new technologies intimidating or fascinating, 3G will bring a host of mobile services that will bring more information, more efficiency, and more joy to your life.</p><p>  3G brings together high-speed mobi

8、le access and Internet Protocol (IP)-based services into one powerful environment. The step towards IP is vital. IP is packet-based, which in simple terms, means users can be ‘online’ at all times, but with-out having to

9、 pay until we actually send or receive data. The connectionless nature of IP also makes access a lot faster: file downloads can take a few seconds and we can be connected to our corporate network with a single click. Thi

10、s doesn't just mean fast m</p><p>  3G introduces wideband radio communications, with access speeds of up to 2 mbps. Compared with today’s mobile networks, 3G will significantly boost network capacity –

11、so operators will be able to support more users, as well as offer more sophisticated services.</p><p>  The GSM standard is continually evolving to incorporate new technologies, making it the most popular mo

12、bile communication standard on a global level.</p><p>  Subscriber growth in Africa over the past 3 years has been very rapid and it shows no sign of abatement. Voice communication has been the driving force

13、 behind the subscriber growth. However, we are beginning to see narrowband data, such as SMS, starting to generate significant revenue for network operators and solution providers.</p><p>  It is hoped that

14、high speed, broadband data communication will continue to drive customer growth and spending even further. Naturally,the technology from a consumer’s point of view must be easy to use and be afford-able. Licence fees for

15、 3G spectrums are proving to be very expensive and governments may have shot themselves in the foot before a single pack-et of data is transmitted, as invariably, this cost is passed on to the consumer.</p><p&

16、gt;  Over half of the world’s population have never made a telephone call and this is certainly true for Africa. Should governments and network operators be worrying about high speed data, or should they simply be provid

17、ing voice service with limited fax and data capabilities i.e. current wireless technology such as GSM or DECT?</p><p>  3G is a generic term covering a range of future wireless network technologies, includin

18、g Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard (UMTS), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), cdma2000, and Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution (EDGE).</p><p&g

19、t;  From mobile multimedia through to machine-to-machine communications, 3G is going to be the catalyst for a whole new set of mobile services, enabling us to access advanced services anywhere, anytime. We’ll be freed fr

20、om the confines of cables, fixed access points and low connection speeds.</p><p>  3G-At home</p><p>  3G is going to affect our home and social lives in many ways.The services that 3G enables

21、will help us to manmage our personal information,simplify tasks such as grocery shopping,make better use of our time and offer services that are just fun to use.</p><p>  Operators will be able to develop my

22、riad new service opportunities to attract and retain new customers.Here are some examples:</p><p>  You’re sitting on a train and use this “dead”time to log on to your bank account,check your balance and pay

23、 a few bills-all through your 3G device.You save time and can be smarter about managing your finances.</p><p>  On a touring vacation,you arrive in a new city,You haven’t made any reservations in advance,bec

24、ause you can do this when you get there,by using your 3G handset to obtain up-to-date information,including hotel vacancies.Having booked a room,you can use your mobile to view video clips of local tourist attractions an

25、d talk to someone from the local tourist information bureau at the same time.</p><p>  3G-At work</p><p>  3G will not just support the needs of business people who travel a lot,but will also he

26、lp new,flexible working practices,such as home-working and remote access to corporate netwotks outside traditional working hours.Business people are often high-volume ratime users,so they represent a big oppprtunity for

27、mobile operators.Here are some examples:</p><p>  At work you receive amessage from “smart”refrigerator at home.The message tells that certain items need restocking and an order has already been groceries ar

28、e ready to collect on the way home.</p><p>  You are on the road,and urgently need to discuss a draft presentation with a number of colleagues back in the office.Pulling into a service station,you use your 3

29、G device to hold a telemeeting with you colleagues and,at the same time,you can all view the draft presentation and make changes on line.</p><p>  A maintenance engineer is repairing some equipment on a clie

30、nt’s premises and hits a problem.Using his 3G devices,he cantacts his department and downloads a demonstration video that guides him through the repair process.</p><p>  3G TECHNOLOGY</p><p>  3

31、G brings together two powerful forces: wide-band radio communications and IP-based servic-es. Together, these lay the groundwork for advanced mobile internet services, including personalised portals,infotainment, mobile

32、commerce and unified messaging – encompassing high-speed data, superior quality voice and video and location-based services.</p><p>  Making 3G a reality depends on technology developments in different areas

33、. These include amendments to the radio interface to support wideband communications and in the core net-work. Supporting technologies, such as WAP and Bluetooth, also have an important role to play.This section provides

34、 a brief overview of some of the main technologies and development involved.Ericsson supports all of these technologies and has played an active role in their development.</p><p><b>  GPRS</b><

35、;/p><p>  The introduction of General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is one of the key steps in the evolution of GSM networks to 3G, and GSM operators around the world are upgrading their networks, with a view to

36、launching commercial GPRS services in 2001.</p><p>  With the capability to charge per data bit sent and received, customers will be able to pay only for usage. GPRS will offer a tenfold increase in data thr

37、oughput rates, from 9.6 kbps to 115 kbps. GPRS will allow innovative services to be created, enabling new and previously inaccessible market segments to be addressed, increasing customer loyalty and reducing churn. Machi

38、ne-to- machine and person-to-machine communications will become possible.</p><p><b>  WCDMA</b></p><p>  Wideband Code Division Multiple Access is the radio access technology selecte

39、d by ETSI in January 1998 for wideband radio access to support third-generation multimedia services.</p><p>  Optimised to allow very high-speed multimedia services, the technology will provide access speeds

40、 at up to 2 mbps in the local area and 384 kbps wide area access with full mobility. These higher data rates require a wide radio frequency band, which is why WCDMA with 5MHz carrier has been selected; compared with 200K

41、Hz carrier for narrowband GSM. WCDMA can be added to the existing GSM core network and equipment to be reused to a large extent.</p><p><b>  EDGE</b></p><p>  Enhanced Date Rates for

42、 Global Evolution enables GSM and TDMA operators to offer 3G services using existing network frequencies.By making changes and additions to standardization of evolutionary phases of the air interface and the backbone net

43、work,as well as the migration to All-IP and multimedia networks.</p><p><b>  CDMA2000 </b></p><p>  In networks based on CDMA the most likely route to 3G services is cdma2000. cdma20

44、00 will not only boost the data rates of CDMA networks, and provide a broader range of services, but will also offer nearly double the voice capacity of today’s CDMA networks. cdma2000 is also approved by the ITU as a 3G

45、 standard.</p><p><b>  Bluetooth</b></p><p>  Bluetooth wireless technology is set to change the way we communicate and interconnect with our digital devices; in the office, in the h

46、ome and while on the move – its application potential is virtually unlimited. Within a couple of years, all the things that are now connected by cable will be wireless.</p><p>  The Bluetooth radio is built

47、into a small microchip and operates in a globally available frequency band ensuring communication compatibility worldwide. </p><p>  Mobile internet</p><p>  Presently, there are two major inter

48、net trends emerging being broadband fixed internet access and mobile internet access. Broadband will evolve to offer more and varied multimedia type content. Mobile internet will have less band-width, but will offer the

49、convenience and benefit of always available and relevant services to subscribers. </p><p>  The four key mobile internet focus areas are media and entertainment, retail (m-commerce and the wireless wallet),

50、travel and transport, banking and finance. The internet revolution is just beginning – Microsoft CEO, Steve Ballmer, recently said, “One of the greatest misconceptions is that we are right in the middle of the internet a

51、nd e-commerce revolution. We are very much at the beginning. That which is to come will vastly eclipse what we have seen so far.”</p><p>  Satellite systems</p><p>  Where there are no cellular

52、base stations, the next option is to use satellite services. Traditionally they have been very bulky and very expensive, today they are hand portable and affordable to corporations. The Satelan system makes use of Inmars

53、at’s M4 and mini-M voice technology with a constellation of geostationary satellites. It can turn any part of the African continent into an instant office. The 4 kg unit folds down to an A4 footprint, supports 64 kbps da

54、ta rates and comes in at US $750</p><p>  Satelan will be aimed almost exclusively at corporate users, as voice and fax charges will hover around US $3 a minute and high speed data services will cost about U

55、S $7.50 a minute. Another expected use is the set-up of instant remote offices where telecommunications is difficult or impossible to obtain quickly. British Telecom says it will bundle two Satelan terminals, eight PC wo

56、rkstations, a Cisco router, a video conferencing unit and 12 DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Tele-communications) c</p><p><b>  附錄B 中文譯文</b></p><p><b>  3G技術(shù)</b></p>

57、;<p>  3G是全球發(fā)展的通訊標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和技術(shù),這項(xiàng)發(fā)展將會(huì)讓你用自己的手機(jī)使用多媒體服務(wù)。</p><p>  你或許在報(bào)紙上看到過像GPSR,EDGE,WCDMA和UMTS之類的術(shù)語,所有的這些都是關(guān)于開發(fā)針對(duì)3G移動(dòng)通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)的相關(guān)概念。</p><p>  雖然3G后面的技術(shù)可能很復(fù)雜,但是3G將會(huì)在我們生活中產(chǎn)生的影響是很容易想象的。僅僅想象一下你在移動(dòng)電話中加入照相機(jī)

58、、攝像機(jī)、計(jì)算機(jī)、音響以及收音機(jī)功能。這樣無論何時(shí)在任何地方你都可以通過無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲得大量的媒體信息和娛樂。</p><p>  移動(dòng)通信正在從單一的語音通信像向多媒體方向轉(zhuǎn)變,由此加深我們對(duì)外界的感覺。</p><p>  但不是所有的這些會(huì)立刻發(fā)生。3G只是一種通訊方式的演變我們并不能完全掌握它的發(fā)展進(jìn)程,我們唯一可以確信的是移動(dòng)多媒體通信將會(huì)沖擊日本市場(chǎng),而且歐洲和北美也將很快發(fā)展多媒

59、體通信市場(chǎng)。</p><p>  我們也確信,無論你感覺這項(xiàng)新的技術(shù)無趣或者迷人,3G 都將會(huì)為移動(dòng)服務(wù)帶來更多的信息更高速的息率和更多的生活樂趣。</p><p>  3G在帶來高速的語音通信之外還記憶IP為基礎(chǔ)的服務(wù)為一身,有強(qiáng)大的發(fā)展環(huán)境。向IP方向發(fā)展是至關(guān)重要的。IP技術(shù)是以簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)據(jù)包傳輸為基礎(chǔ)的,可以使用戶同時(shí)上網(wǎng),但是不必花錢直到我們真正發(fā)送或接受數(shù)據(jù)。IP的自然無連接性可

60、以大大提高存取速率;文件下載只需要很短時(shí)間,而且只需輕輕一點(diǎn)就能和網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接上。這不僅僅只是意味著移動(dòng)快速接入萬維網(wǎng),3G還將使新的通訊方式、信息獲取、處理商務(wù)和學(xué)習(xí)成為可能。</p><p>  3G采用多頻率通訊技術(shù),并且達(dá)到2Mbit/s的的通路速度,與現(xiàn)在的移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)相比,3G會(huì)極大的提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)容量-因此也能支持更多的使用者,同時(shí)也能提供更多復(fù)雜精細(xì)度的服務(wù)。</p><p>  GSM

61、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在不斷發(fā)展以吸收新技術(shù),使它成為全球范圍內(nèi)最流行的移動(dòng)通信標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在過去3年用戶在非洲的增長(zhǎng)一直非常迅速而且并沒有顯示消減的跡象。語音通信已經(jīng)成為用戶增長(zhǎng)背后的驅(qū)動(dòng)力。然而,我們開始看到窄頻帶數(shù)據(jù),如短信,開始為網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)營商和解決方案供應(yīng)商帶來可觀的收入。</p><p>  高速寬帶數(shù)據(jù)通信將繼續(xù)推動(dòng)客戶增長(zhǎng)和消費(fèi)進(jìn)的一步發(fā)展被人們所期望。當(dāng)然,從消費(fèi)者的角度來看技術(shù)必須易于使用和可負(fù)擔(dān)得起。對(duì)3G頻譜牌照費(fèi)被

62、證明是非常昂貴,在一個(gè)單獨(dú)的數(shù)據(jù)包傳輸之前政府可能在自己的腳上開槍,因?yàn)楸厝唬@筆費(fèi)用轉(zhuǎn)嫁到了消費(fèi)者身上。 全球超過一半的人口從來沒有打過一個(gè)電話,這當(dāng)然是對(duì)非洲如此。各國政府和網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)營商應(yīng)該擔(dān)心的是高速的數(shù)據(jù),還是僅僅只是提供語音和數(shù)據(jù)能力有限的傳真服務(wù),例如當(dāng)前的無線技術(shù)GSM或者DECT? 3G是涵蓋了許多未來無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的一個(gè)基本術(shù)語,包括通用移動(dòng)通信標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(UMTS)的,通用分組無線業(yè)務(wù)(GPRS),寬帶碼分多址

63、接入(WCDMA),CDMA2000和增強(qiáng)型數(shù)據(jù)速率GSM演進(jìn)技術(shù)(EDGE)。 從通過機(jī)器對(duì)機(jī)器通信的移動(dòng)多媒體,3G將會(huì)是一個(gè)全新的移動(dòng)服務(wù)的新設(shè)備的催化劑,使我們隨時(shí)隨地能夠獲得先進(jìn)的服務(wù)。我們將擺脫電纜,固定接入點(diǎn)和連接速度低的局限 3G在家庭中的應(yīng)用</p><p>  3G將通過許多途徑影響我們的家庭和社會(huì)生活。3G服務(wù)將為我們管理個(gè)人信息提供幫助,簡(jiǎn)單的任務(wù)例如在食品雜貨店,如何合理的

64、利用時(shí)間來提高我們的服務(wù)就是非常生動(dòng)的應(yīng)用。經(jīng)營者可以提出許多新的服務(wù)項(xiàng)目來吸引并留住新顧客。這里有一些例子:</p><p>  你可以利用乘坐火車的時(shí)間來登入你的銀行賬號(hào),檢查你的收支是否平衡還可以支付一些賬單-所有這些都通過3G實(shí)現(xiàn)。你在節(jié)約時(shí)間的同時(shí)整理了你的財(cái)務(wù)。</p><p>  在休閑度假中,你到了一個(gè)新的城市。你沒有提前做任何預(yù)定,因?yàn)槟憧梢缘竭_(dá)之后通過3G手機(jī)獲得最新信

65、息,包括旅館空缺。訂好房之后你可以用手機(jī)查閱當(dāng)?shù)氐穆糜蝿俚剡€可以同時(shí)與別人交流旅游信息。</p><p>  3G-在工作中的應(yīng)用</p><p>  3G不僅僅只是滿足很多經(jīng)常出差的商人的需要,也將會(huì)有助于新興的。輕松的工作,例如你可以在家通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行貿(mào)易。商人是關(guān)注電視節(jié)目時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的人,因此他們?yōu)槭謾C(jī)設(shè)計(jì)者描述了一個(gè)很大的商機(jī)。以下是一些例子:</p><p>

66、  在工作中你收到家中智能電冰箱的一個(gè)信息,信息告訴你,冰箱中的一些事物需要更換了,并且這些需要的東西的清單已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備發(fā)往雜貨店,如果你同意雜貨店將會(huì)為你準(zhǔn)備好所有的東西。</p><p>  在你旅途中急切的需要與在辦公室中的同事討論草稿發(fā)表,到一個(gè)服務(wù)車站你使用你的3G裝置和你的同事舉行電話會(huì)議,與此同時(shí),你可以看到全部草稿的發(fā)表并可以在線做出改變。</p><p>  一個(gè)維修工程師正

67、在修理客戶提出的儀器并遇到了問題,使用3G裝置他可以與部門聯(lián)絡(luò),下載示范錄像指導(dǎo)他修理。</p><p><b>  3G技術(shù)</b></p><p>  3G有二個(gè)有利得優(yōu)勢(shì):寬帶語音通信和以IP為基礎(chǔ)的服務(wù)。綜合在一起,這些為先進(jìn)的移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)奠定了基礎(chǔ),包括個(gè)性化入口,娛樂信息節(jié)目,移動(dòng)商貿(mào)和統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的信息傳送—圍繞高速數(shù)據(jù)傳輸提高音頻視頻的質(zhì)量和基于本地的服務(wù)

68、。</p><p>  使3G變?yōu)槭聦?shí)需要依靠不同地區(qū)相關(guān)技術(shù)的發(fā)展。這包括改善無線通信接口以支持寬頻帶通信和網(wǎng)絡(luò)核心,支持技術(shù)方面,WAP和藍(lán)牙都有很重要的作用。這一塊提出了一些主要相關(guān)技術(shù)和發(fā)展的簡(jiǎn)單的概況,愛立信支持所有的這些技術(shù)并且在它們的發(fā)展中扮演了一個(gè)重要角色。</p><p><b>  通用數(shù)據(jù)包語音服務(wù)</b></p><p>

69、;  通用數(shù)據(jù)包語音服務(wù)GPSR的采用是從GSM網(wǎng)絡(luò)到3G網(wǎng)絡(luò)的重要一步,全球GSM的操作者們正在壓縮他們的網(wǎng)絡(luò),考慮到會(huì)在2001年架設(shè)商業(yè)性GPRS設(shè)施網(wǎng)。</p><p>  隨著掌控每位數(shù)據(jù)位發(fā)送和接受收的能力,消費(fèi)者們可以僅僅按慣例支付。 GPSR將會(huì)提供數(shù)據(jù)傳輸率上數(shù)十倍的增長(zhǎng),從9.6kbit/s到115kbit/s。GPRS允許革新性的設(shè)施網(wǎng)被創(chuàng)建,使新的和先前的難以到達(dá)的地段被編址,增加顧客的忠

70、誠度并且減少干擾,機(jī)器之間和機(jī)器與人之間的聯(lián)系變?yōu)榭赡堋?lt;/p><p>  寬帶碼分多址接入技術(shù)</p><p>  寬帶碼分多址接入技術(shù)是ETSI在1998年為提供寬帶接入以支持第三代多媒體網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)而選定的無線接入技術(shù)。通過優(yōu)化高速多媒體設(shè)施網(wǎng),這項(xiàng)技術(shù)將會(huì)提供達(dá)到2Mbit/s的局部地區(qū)接入和384Kbit/s的大范圍內(nèi)的移動(dòng)接入。這種高速數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率需要無線寬頻帶,這就是為什么WC

71、DMA選擇頻率5MHZ載波的原因,相比于窄帶GSM的200KHZ的載波。WCDMA能加入到現(xiàn)存GSM核心網(wǎng)絡(luò)和設(shè)備中被更大程度的重用。</p><p>  增強(qiáng)型數(shù)據(jù)速率GSM演進(jìn)技術(shù)</p><p>  全球革命性的提高傳輸速率將使原來的GSM和TSMA運(yùn)營商利用現(xiàn)有的網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備提供3G服務(wù)。通過制定新的通信附加標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來對(duì)付無線通信和網(wǎng)絡(luò)中樞進(jìn)化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化,同時(shí)改革所有的IP業(yè)務(wù)和多媒體網(wǎng)絡(luò)。&

72、lt;/p><p>  碼分多址接入技術(shù)2000 </p><p>  在基于CDMA的網(wǎng)絡(luò)中與3G服務(wù)最相似的網(wǎng)絡(luò)通道是CDMA2000,CDMA2000不僅僅只是提高CDMA網(wǎng)絡(luò)的數(shù)據(jù)利用率和大范圍的服務(wù),并且也提供相當(dāng)于今天CDMA網(wǎng)絡(luò)兩倍的噪音容納能力。CDMA2000也被ITU認(rèn)準(zhǔn)為3G標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。</p><p><b>  藍(lán)牙技術(shù)</b>

73、</p><p>  無線藍(lán)牙技術(shù)被用來通過數(shù)碼設(shè)備改變我們的通信方式和的交互;無論在辦公室、在家里還是在路上-它的應(yīng)用是沒有限制的。在幾年之內(nèi),所有的今天通過電纜連接的事物將會(huì)變?yōu)闊o線。無線藍(lán)牙被制作成一個(gè)小的微芯片并且可以在世界范圍內(nèi)的可用寬帶通信中操作。</p><p><b>  移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)</b></p><p>  目前,兩種主要的

74、萬維網(wǎng)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是寬帶固定互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入和移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入。寬帶會(huì)向提供更多種類的多媒體類型內(nèi)容的方向發(fā)展,移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)雖然有少一些的帶寬,但是會(huì)向用戶提供更方便和有益的可用服務(wù)。</p><p>  四個(gè)關(guān)鍵的移動(dòng)因特網(wǎng)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域是媒體和娛樂,零售業(yè),旅游和運(yùn)輸,銀行和金融業(yè)。因特網(wǎng)的改革才剛剛開始-微軟首席執(zhí)行官Steve Ballmer最近說,“最大錯(cuò)誤在于我們認(rèn)為自己正處在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和電子商務(wù)革新中。我們僅僅只是剛剛開始

75、,那些將要來臨的變化將會(huì)使我們目前所看到的黯然失色。</p><p><b>  衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)</b></p><p>  在沒有蜂窩基站的地方,下一個(gè)選擇是使用衛(wèi)星服務(wù)。傳統(tǒng)上他們一直很笨重和昂貴,今天他們是公司負(fù)擔(dān)得起的手提式設(shè)備。Satelan系統(tǒng)采用國際海事衛(wèi)星組織的M4和微型M語音技術(shù)的與地球旋轉(zhuǎn)同步的衛(wèi)星。它可以將非洲大陸的任何一部分變成一個(gè)即時(shí)辦公室。這個(gè)4

76、公斤的裝置可以折疊成一張A4的足跡,但是支持64 kbps的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率并且在美國只要美元7500。 Satelan的目標(biāo)將是幾乎所有的公司合作用戶,語音和傳真費(fèi)用將徘徊在3美元一分鐘,高速數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)的費(fèi)用約合7.50美元一分鐘。另一個(gè)預(yù)期應(yīng)用是在通訊困難或者幾乎不可能迅速獲得的地方設(shè)置遠(yuǎn)程辦事處。英國電信公司表示將捆綁兩個(gè)Satelan終端,八臺(tái)個(gè)人電腦工作站,一臺(tái)Cisco路由器,一個(gè)視頻會(huì)議場(chǎng)所和12個(gè)DECT(數(shù)字增強(qiáng)型無

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