外文翻譯---從無線電世界到單片機(jī)世界

1、<p>　　From the world of radio in the world to a single chip</p><p>　　Modern computer technology, industrial revolution, the world economy from the capital into the economy to knowledge economy. Field in

2、 the electronic world, from the 20th century into the era of radio to computer technology in the 21st century as the center of the intelligent modern era of electronic systems. The basic core of modern electronic systems

3、 are embedded computer systems (referred to as embedded systems), while the microcontroller is the most typical and most extensive and most popular</p><p>　　1, radio has created generations of excellence in

4、the world</p><p>　　Fifties and sixties in the 20th century, the most representative of the advanced electronic technology is wireless technology, including radio broadcasting, radio, wireless communications

5、(telegraph), Amateur Radio, radio positioning, navigation and other telemetry, remote control, remote technology. Early that these electronic technology led many young people into the wonderful digital world, radio show

6、was a wonderful life, the prospects for science and technology. Electronics began to form a </p><p>　　Radio technology not only as a representative of advanced science and technology at that time, but also f

7、rom popular to professional fields of science, attracting the young people and enable them to find a lot of fun. Ore from the bedside to the superheterodyne radio radio; report issued from the radio amateur radio station

8、s; from the telephone, electric bell to the radio control model. Became popular youth radio technology, science and technology education is the most popular and most extensive</p><p>　　2, from the popularity

9、 of the radio era to era of electronic technology</p><p>　　The early radio technology to promote the development of electronic technology, most notably electronic vacuum tube technology to semiconductor elec

10、tronic technology. Semiconductor technology to realize the active device miniaturization and low cost, so more popular with radio technology and innovation, and to greatly broaden the number of non-radio-control areas. &

11、lt;/p><p>　　The development of semiconductor technology lead to the production of integrated circuit, forming the modern electronic technology leap from discrete electronics into the era of era of integrated ci

12、rcuits. Electronic design engineers no longer use the discrete electronic components designed circuit modules, and direct selection of integrated circuit components constitute a single system. They freed the design of th

13、e circuit unit dedicated to system design, greatly liberating the productive force</p><p>　　Semiconductor integrated circuits in the basic digital logic circuits first breakthrough.A large number of digital

14、logic circuits, such as gates, counters, timers, shift registers, and analog switches, comparators, etc., for the electronic digital control provides excellent conditions for the traditional mechanical control to electro

15、nic control. Power electronic devices and sensor technology to make the original to the radio as the center of electronic technology turned to mechanical engineering</p><p>　　Semiconductor and integrated cir

16、cuit technology will bring us a universal age of electronic technology, wireless technology as the field of electronic technology a part of. </p><p>　　70 years into the 20th century, large scale integrated c

17、ircuit appeared to promote the conventional electronic circuit unit-specific electronic systems development. Many electronic systems unit into a dedicated integrated devices such as radios, electronic clocks, calculators

18、, electronic engineers in these areas from the circuit, the system designed to debug into the device selection, peripheral device adapter work. Electronic technology, and electronic products enriched, electronic engineer

19、s to</p><p>　　3, from the classic era of electronic technology to modern electronic technology of the times</p><p>　　80 years into the 20th century, the century of economic change is the most im

20、portant revolution in the computer. The computer revolution in the most important sign is the birth of the computer embedded applications. Modern computer numerical requirements should be born. A long period of time, is

21、to develop the massive computer numerical duty. But the computer shows the logic operation, processing, control, attracting experts in the field of electronic control, they want development to meet the c</p><p

22、>　　Although the early general-purpose computer converted the embedded computer systems, and real embedded system began in the emergence of SCM. Because the microcontroller is designed specifically for embedded applica

23、tions, the MCU can only achieve embedded applications. MCU embedded applications that best meet environmental requirements, for example, chip-level physical space, large-scale integrated circuits low-cost, good periphera

24、l interface bus and outstanding control of instruction. </p><p>　　A computer system microcontroller core, embedded electronic systems, intelligent electronic systems for the foundation. Therefore, the curren

25、t single chip electronic system in widespread use of electronic systems to enable rapid transition to the classical modern intelligent electronic systems.</p><p>　　4, single chip to create the modern era of

26、electronic systems</p><p>　　1 A microcontroller and embedded Systems</p><p>　　Embedded computer systems from embedded applications, embedded systems for early general-purpose computer adapted to

27、 the object system embedded in a variety of electronic systems, such as the ship's autopilot, engine monitoring systems. Embedded system is primarily a computer system, followed by it being embedded into the object s

28、ystem, objects in the object system to achieve required data collection, processing, status display, the output control functions, as embedded in the object system, emb</p><p>　　2 MCU modern electronic syste

29、ms consisting of electronic systems will become mainstream </p><p>　　MCU is a device-level computer systems, it can be embedded into any object system to achieve intelligent control. Small to micro-machinery

30、, such as watches, hearing aids. Low-cost integrated device-level, low-to a few dollars, ten dollars, enough to spread to many civilian SCM appliances, electronic toys to go. SCM constitutes a modern electronic systems h

31、as in-depth to the households, are changing our lives, such as home audio, televisions, washing machines, microwave ovens, telephones, securit</p><p>　　3 Embedded Systems led the entire electronics industry&

32、lt;/p><p>　　Current electronic components industry, in addition to microprocessors, embedded system devices, the most modern electronic systems around the supporting components industries, such as keys used to

33、meet the human-computer interaction, LED / LCD display drivers, LED / LCD display units, voice integrated device, etc., to meet the requirements of data acquisition channel digital sensor, ADC, data acquisition module, s

34、ignal conditioning modules to meet the servo drive control in the DAC, solid state</p><p>　　Electronic components in the embedded systems world, driven by embedded applications along fully meet requirements

35、of modern electronic systems development.This makes the original classic world of increasingly small electronic systems. Practitioners in the various electronic systems to modern electronic systems as early as possible t

36、o stay.</p><p>　　5, SCM will create a new generation of electronic elite</p><p>　　If the 50's, radio has created several generations of the world elite, then today's SCM will create a ne

37、w generation of e-world elite.</p><p>　　1 A single chip with you to the intelligent electronics </p><p>　　If we as a dead classic electronic system electronic system, then the intelligent modern

38、 electronic systems is a "life" of the electronic system. Application System of hardware, electronic systems, "body", microcontroller applications, the application gives it "life." For examp

39、le, in the design of intelligent machines monitor display, it can boot the system self-test results show, not to enter the work shows a variety of stand-by state, equipment run-time display running processes, work can be

40、 d</p><p>　　Intelligent electronic systems for the endless realm, often without additional hardware resources can achieve all kinds of renovated function. It is also present in many household appliances feat

41、ure a large number of additional factors.</p><p>　　2 single chip computer with you to the industrial area </p><p>　　The 21st century is the century of humanity into the computer age, many people

42、 are not used in the manufacture of computer is the computer. People using the computer, only the people engaged in embedded system applications really into the internal computer system hardware and software systems, can

43、 we truly understand the nature of the computer's intelligence and grasp the knowledge of intelligent design. MCU applications starting from the learning technology applications in today's computer soft</p>

44、<p>　　3 SCM bring you into the most attractive in the digital world</p><p>　　Charming single chip to enable you to experience the true meaning of the computer, you can design intelligent microcontroll

45、er hands-on toys, different applications can be designed to achieve different functions. Both software design and hardware making there, both mental and physical, but also hands. Primary level can develop intelligent toy

46、s, with macro programming. Intermediate levels can develop some intelligent controller, such as computer mouse, smart cars, all kinds of remote control model</p><p>　　從無線電世界到單片機(jī)世界</p><p>　　現(xiàn)代計(jì)算機(jī)

47、技術(shù)的產(chǎn)業(yè)革命,將世界經(jīng)濟(jì)從資本經(jīng)濟(jì)帶入到知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代.在電子世界領(lǐng)域,從20世紀(jì)中的無線電時(shí)代也進(jìn)入到21世紀(jì)以計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)為中心的智能化現(xiàn)代電子系統(tǒng)時(shí)代.現(xiàn)代電子系統(tǒng)的基本核心是嵌入式計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)(簡(jiǎn)稱嵌入式系統(tǒng)),而單片機(jī)是最典型,最廣泛,最普及的嵌入式系統(tǒng).</p><p>　　一 , 無線電世界造就了幾代英才 </p><p>　　在20世紀(jì)五六十年代,最具代表的先進(jìn)的電子技術(shù)就是無

48、線電技術(shù),包括無線電廣播,收音,無線通信(電報(bào)),業(yè)余無線電臺(tái),無線電定位,導(dǎo)航等遙測(cè),遙控,遙信技術(shù).早期就是這些電子技術(shù)帶領(lǐng)著許多青少年步入了奇妙的電子世界,無線電技術(shù)展示了當(dāng)時(shí)科技生活美妙的前景.電子 科學(xué)開始形成了一門新興學(xué)科.無線電電子學(xué),無線通信開始了電子世界的歷程. </p><p>　　無線電技術(shù)不僅成為了當(dāng)時(shí)先進(jìn)科學(xué)技術(shù)的代表,而且從普及到專業(yè)的科學(xué)領(lǐng)域,吸引了廣大青少年,并使他們從中找到了無窮

49、的樂趣.從床頭的礦石收音機(jī)到超外差收音機(jī);從無線電發(fā)報(bào)到業(yè)余無線電臺(tái);從電話,電鈴到無線電操縱模型.無線電技術(shù)成為當(dāng)時(shí)青少年科普,科技教 育最普及,最廣泛的內(nèi)容.至今,許多老一輩的工程師、專家、教授當(dāng)年都是無線電愛好者.無線電技術(shù)的無窮樂趣,無線電技術(shù)的全面訓(xùn)練,從電子學(xué)基本原理,電子元器件基礎(chǔ)到無線電遙控,遙測(cè),遙信電子系統(tǒng)制作,培養(yǎng)出了幾代科技英才.</p><p>　　二 , 從無線電時(shí)代到電子技術(shù)普及時(shí)代

50、 </p><p>　　早期的無線電技術(shù)推動(dòng)了電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展,其中最主要的是真空管電子技術(shù)向半導(dǎo)體電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展.半導(dǎo)體電子技術(shù)使有源器件實(shí)現(xiàn)了微小型化和低成本,使無線電技術(shù)有了更大普及和創(chuàng)新,并大大地開闊了許多非無線電的控制領(lǐng)域. </p><p>　　半導(dǎo)體技術(shù)發(fā)展導(dǎo)致集成電路器件的產(chǎn)生,形成了近代電子技術(shù)的飛躍,電子技術(shù)從分立器件時(shí)代走進(jìn)了電路集成時(shí)代.電子設(shè)計(jì)工程師不再用分立的電子

51、元器件設(shè)計(jì)電路單元,而直接選擇集成化的電路單元器件構(gòu)成系統(tǒng).他們從電路單元設(shè)計(jì)中解放出來,致力于系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì),大大地解放了科技生產(chǎn)力,促進(jìn)了電子系統(tǒng)更大范圍的普及.</p><p>　　半導(dǎo)體集成電路首先在基本數(shù)字邏輯電路上取得突破.大量數(shù)字邏輯電路,如門電路,計(jì)數(shù)器,定時(shí)器,移位寄存器以及模擬開關(guān),比較器等,為電子數(shù)字控制提供了極佳的條件,使傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)械控制轉(zhuǎn)向電子控制.功率電子器件以及傳感技術(shù)的發(fā)展使原先以無線電為

52、中心的電子技術(shù)開始轉(zhuǎn)向工程領(lǐng)域中的機(jī)械系統(tǒng)的數(shù)字控制,檢測(cè)領(lǐng)域中的信息采集,運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)械對(duì)象的電氣伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)控制. </p><p>　　半導(dǎo)體及其集成電路技術(shù)將我們帶入了一個(gè)電子技術(shù)普及時(shí)代,無線電技術(shù)成為電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)部分.</p><p>　　進(jìn)入 20 世紀(jì) 70 年代,大規(guī)模集成電路出現(xiàn),促進(jìn)了常規(guī)的電子電路單元的專用電子系統(tǒng)發(fā)展.許多專用電子系統(tǒng)單元變成了集成化器件,如收音機(jī)

53、,電子鐘,計(jì)算器等,在這些領(lǐng)域的電子工程師從電路,系統(tǒng)的精心設(shè)計(jì),調(diào)試轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槠骷x擇,外圍器件適配工作.電子技術(shù)發(fā)展了,電 子產(chǎn)品豐富了,電子工程師的難度減少了,但與此同時(shí),無線電技術(shù),電子技術(shù)的魅力卻削弱了.半導(dǎo)體集成電路的發(fā)展使經(jīng)典電子系統(tǒng)日趨完善, 留在大規(guī)模集成電路以外的電子技術(shù)日益減少,電子技術(shù)沒有了往昔無線電時(shí)代的無窮樂趣和全面的工程訓(xùn)練. </p><p>　　三 , 從經(jīng)典電子技術(shù)時(shí)代到現(xiàn)代電子技

54、術(shù)時(shí)代</p><p>　　進(jìn)入20世紀(jì)80年代,世紀(jì)經(jīng)濟(jì)中最重要的變革是計(jì)算機(jī)的產(chǎn)業(yè)革命.而計(jì)算機(jī)產(chǎn)業(yè)革命的最重要標(biāo)志則是計(jì)算機(jī)嵌入式應(yīng)用的誕生.近代電子計(jì)算機(jī)是應(yīng)數(shù)值計(jì)算要求誕生的.在很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間內(nèi),電子計(jì)算機(jī)都是以發(fā)展海量數(shù)值計(jì)算為己任.但是電子計(jì)算機(jī)表現(xiàn)出的邏輯運(yùn)算,處理,控制能力,吸引了電子控制領(lǐng)域的專家,他們要求發(fā)展能滿足控制對(duì)象要求,實(shí)現(xiàn)嵌入式應(yīng)用的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng).如果將滿足海量數(shù)據(jù)處理的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)稱為通

55、用計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng),那么則可把嵌入到對(duì)象體系(如艦船、飛機(jī)、機(jī)車等) 中的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)稱作嵌入式計(jì)算機(jī).顯而易見,兩者的技術(shù)發(fā)展方向是不同的.前者要求海量數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ),吞吐,高速數(shù)據(jù)處理分析及傳輸;而后者要求在對(duì)象環(huán)境中可靠運(yùn)行,對(duì)外部物理參數(shù)的高速采集,邏輯分析處理和對(duì)外部對(duì)象的快速控制等.早期人們將通用計(jì)算機(jī)加上數(shù)據(jù)采集單元,輸出驅(qū)動(dòng)電路勉為其難地構(gòu)成一個(gè)熱處理爐的溫控系統(tǒng).這樣的通用計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)不可能為大多數(shù)電子系統(tǒng)采用,而且要使通用計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)

56、滿足嵌入式應(yīng)用要求,必然影響高速數(shù)值處理技術(shù)的發(fā)展.為了解決計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)發(fā)展的矛盾,在20世紀(jì)70年代,半導(dǎo)體專家另辟蹊徑,完全按照電子系統(tǒng)的計(jì)算機(jī)嵌入式應(yīng)用要求,將一個(gè)微型</p><p>　　早期雖然有通用計(jì)算機(jī)改裝而成的嵌入式計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng),而真正意義上的嵌入式系統(tǒng)始于單片機(jī)的出現(xiàn).因?yàn)閱纹瑱C(jī)是專門為嵌入式應(yīng)用設(shè)計(jì)的,單片機(jī)只能實(shí)現(xiàn)嵌入式應(yīng)用.單片機(jī)能最好地滿足嵌入式應(yīng)用的環(huán)境要求,例如,芯片級(jí)的物理空間,大規(guī)模

57、集成電路的低價(jià)位,良好的外圍接口總線和突出控制功能的指令系統(tǒng). </p><p>　　單片機(jī)有計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)核,嵌入到電子系統(tǒng)中,為電子系統(tǒng)智能化奠定了基礎(chǔ).因此,當(dāng)前單片機(jī)在電子系統(tǒng)中的廣泛使用,使經(jīng)典電子系統(tǒng)迅速過渡到智能化的現(xiàn)代電子系統(tǒng).</p><p>　　四 , 單片機(jī)開創(chuàng)了現(xiàn)代電子系統(tǒng)時(shí)代 </p><p>　　1 單片機(jī)與嵌入式系統(tǒng) </p>

58、<p>　　嵌入式系統(tǒng)源于計(jì)算機(jī)的嵌入式應(yīng)用,早期嵌入式系統(tǒng)為通用計(jì)算機(jī)經(jīng)改裝后嵌入到對(duì)象體系中的各種電子系統(tǒng),如艦船的自動(dòng)駕駛儀,輪機(jī)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)等.嵌入式系統(tǒng)首先是一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng),其次它被嵌入到對(duì)象體系中,在對(duì)象體系中實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)象要求的數(shù)據(jù)采集,處理,狀態(tài)顯示,輸出控制等功能,由于嵌入在對(duì)象體系中,嵌入式系統(tǒng)的計(jì)算機(jī)沒有計(jì)算機(jī)的獨(dú)立形式及功能.單片機(jī)完全是按照嵌入式系統(tǒng)要求設(shè)計(jì)的,因此單片機(jī)是最典型的嵌入式系統(tǒng).早期的單片機(jī)只

59、是按嵌入式應(yīng)用技術(shù)要求設(shè)計(jì)的計(jì)算機(jī)單芯片集成,故名單片機(jī).隨后,單片機(jī)為滿足嵌入式應(yīng)用要求不斷增強(qiáng)其控制功能與外圍接口功能,尤其是突出控制功能,因此國際上已將單片機(jī)正名為微控制器(MCU,Microcontroller Unit). </p><p>　　2 單片機(jī)構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)代電子系統(tǒng)將成為主流電子系統(tǒng) </p><p>　　單片機(jī)是器件級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng),它可以嵌入到任何對(duì)象體系中去,實(shí)現(xiàn)智能化

60、控制.小到微型機(jī)械,如手表,助聽器.集成器件級(jí)的低價(jià)位,低 到幾元,十幾元,足以使單片機(jī)普及到許多民用家電,電子玩具中去.單片機(jī)構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)代電子系統(tǒng)已深入到各家各戶,正改變我們的生活,如家庭中的音響,電視機(jī),洗衣機(jī),微波爐,電話,防盜系統(tǒng),空調(diào)機(jī)等.單片機(jī)革新了原有電子系統(tǒng),如微波爐采用單片機(jī)控制后,可方便地進(jìn)行時(shí)鐘設(shè)置,程序記憶,功率控制;空調(diào)機(jī)采用單片機(jī)后不但遙控參數(shù)設(shè)置方便, 運(yùn)行狀態(tài)自動(dòng)變換,還可實(shí)現(xiàn)變頻控制.目前許多家用電器如

61、VCD,DVD 只有單片機(jī)出現(xiàn)后才可能實(shí)現(xiàn)其功能. </p><p>　　3 嵌入式系統(tǒng)帶動(dòng)了整個(gè)電子產(chǎn)業(yè) </p><p>　　目前電子元器件產(chǎn)業(yè)除了微處理器,嵌入式系統(tǒng)器件外,大多是圍繞現(xiàn)代電子系統(tǒng)配套的元器件產(chǎn)業(yè),例如滿足人機(jī)交互用的按鍵,LED/LCD 顯示驅(qū)動(dòng),LED/LCD 顯示單元,語音集成器件等,滿足數(shù)據(jù)采集通道要求的數(shù)字傳感器,ADC,數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊,信號(hào)調(diào)理模塊等,滿足伺

62、服驅(qū)動(dòng)控制的DAC,固體繼電器,步進(jìn)電機(jī)控制器,變頻控制單元等,滿足通信要求的各種總線驅(qū)動(dòng)器,電平轉(zhuǎn)換器等. </p><p>　　世界電子元器件在嵌入式系統(tǒng)帶動(dòng)下,沿著充分滿足嵌入式應(yīng)用的現(xiàn)代電子系統(tǒng)要求發(fā)展.這就使原來經(jīng)典電子系統(tǒng)的天地愈來愈小.電子系統(tǒng)中的各類從業(yè)人員應(yīng)盡早轉(zhuǎn)向現(xiàn)代電子系統(tǒng)的康莊大道. </p><p>　　五 , 單片機(jī)將造就新一代電子精英 </p>

63、<p>　　如果說五十年代起,無線電世界造就了幾代精英,那么當(dāng)今的單片機(jī)世界將會(huì)造就出新一代電子精英. </p><p>　　1 單片機(jī)帶你進(jìn)入智能化電子領(lǐng)域 </p><p>　　若將經(jīng)典電子系統(tǒng)當(dāng)作一個(gè)僵死的電子系統(tǒng),那么智能化的現(xiàn)代電子系統(tǒng)則是一個(gè)具有"生命"的電子系統(tǒng).單片機(jī)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的硬件結(jié)構(gòu)給予電子 系統(tǒng)"身軀",單片機(jī)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的

64、應(yīng)用程序賦予其"生命".例如,在設(shè)計(jì)智能化儀器顯示器的顯示功能時(shí),可在開機(jī)時(shí)顯示系統(tǒng)自檢結(jié)果,未進(jìn)入工作時(shí)顯示各種待機(jī)狀態(tài),儀器運(yùn)行時(shí)顯示運(yùn)行過程,工作結(jié)束后可顯示當(dāng)前結(jié)果,自檢結(jié)果,原始數(shù)據(jù),各種處理報(bào)表等.在無人值守時(shí),可給定各種自動(dòng)運(yùn)行功能. </p><p>　　電子系統(tǒng)的智能化為無止境境界,常常不需硬件資源的增添就能實(shí)現(xiàn)各種翻新功能.這也是當(dāng)前許多家用電器功能大量增設(shè)的因素之一. &

65、lt;/p><p>　　2 單片機(jī)帶你進(jìn)入計(jì)算機(jī)工控領(lǐng)域 </p><p>　　21 世紀(jì)是全人類進(jìn)入計(jì)算機(jī)時(shí)代的世紀(jì),許多人不是在制造計(jì)算機(jī)便是在使用計(jì)算機(jī).在使用計(jì)算機(jī)的人們中,只有從事嵌入式系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用的人才真正地進(jìn)入到計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)部軟,硬件體系中,才能真正領(lǐng)會(huì)計(jì)算機(jī)的智能化本質(zhì)并掌握智能化設(shè)計(jì)的知識(shí).從學(xué)習(xí)單片機(jī)應(yīng)用技術(shù)入手是當(dāng)今培養(yǎng)計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用軟,硬件技術(shù)人才的最佳道路之一. </

66、p><p>　　3 單片機(jī)帶你進(jìn)入最具魅力的電子世界 </p><p>　　獨(dú)具魅力的單片機(jī)能使你體會(huì)到電腦的真諦,你可以用單片機(jī)親自動(dòng)手設(shè)計(jì)智能玩具,可以設(shè)計(jì)不同的應(yīng)用程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)不同的功能.既有硬件制作又有軟件設(shè)計(jì),既動(dòng)腦,又動(dòng)手.初級(jí)水平可開發(fā)智能玩具,用宏指令編程.中級(jí)水平可開發(fā)一些智能控制器,如電腦鼠,智能車,各種遙控模 型.高級(jí)水平可開發(fā)機(jī)器人,如機(jī)器人足球賽,開發(fā)工業(yè)控制單元,網(wǎng)絡(luò)通