外文翻譯---從無線電世界到單片機世界

1、<p>　　From the world of radio in the world to a single chip</p><p>　　Modern computer technology, industrial revolution, the world economy from the capital into the economy to knowledge economy. Field in

2、 the electronic world, from the 20th century into the era of radio to computer technology in the 21st century as the center of the intelligent modern era of electronic systems. The basic core of modern electronic systems

3、 are embedded computer systems (referred to as embedded systems), while the microcontroller is the most typical and most extensive and most popular</p><p>　　1, radio has created generations of excellence in

4、the world</p><p>　　Fifties and sixties in the 20th century, the most representative of the advanced electronic technology is wireless technology, including radio broadcasting, radio, wireless communications

5、(telegraph), Amateur Radio, radio positioning, navigation and other telemetry, remote control, remote technology. Early that these electronic technology led many young people into the wonderful digital world, radio show

6、was a wonderful life, the prospects for science and technology. Electronics began to form a </p><p>　　Radio technology not only as a representative of advanced science and technology at that time, but also f

7、rom popular to professional fields of science, attracting the young people and enable them to find a lot of fun. Ore from the bedside to the superheterodyne radio radio; report issued from the radio amateur radio station

8、s; from the telephone, electric bell to the radio control model. Became popular youth radio technology, science and technology education is the most popular and most extensive</p><p>　　2, from the popularity

9、 of the radio era to era of electronic technology</p><p>　　The early radio technology to promote the development of electronic technology, most notably electronic vacuum tube technology to semiconductor elec

10、tronic technology. Semiconductor technology to realize the active device miniaturization and low cost, so more popular with radio technology and innovation, and to greatly broaden the number of non-radio-control areas. &

11、lt;/p><p>　　The development of semiconductor technology lead to the production of integrated circuit, forming the modern electronic technology leap from discrete electronics into the era of era of integrated ci

12、rcuits. Electronic design engineers no longer use the discrete electronic components designed circuit modules, and direct selection of integrated circuit components constitute a single system. They freed the design of th

13、e circuit unit dedicated to system design, greatly liberating the productive force</p><p>　　Semiconductor integrated circuits in the basic digital logic circuits first breakthrough.A large number of digital

14、logic circuits, such as gates, counters, timers, shift registers, and analog switches, comparators, etc., for the electronic digital control provides excellent conditions for the traditional mechanical control to electro

15、nic control. Power electronic devices and sensor technology to make the original to the radio as the center of electronic technology turned to mechanical engineering</p><p>　　Semiconductor and integrated cir

16、cuit technology will bring us a universal age of electronic technology, wireless technology as the field of electronic technology a part of. </p><p>　　70 years into the 20th century, large scale integrated c

17、ircuit appeared to promote the conventional electronic circuit unit-specific electronic systems development. Many electronic systems unit into a dedicated integrated devices such as radios, electronic clocks, calculators

18、, electronic engineers in these areas from the circuit, the system designed to debug into the device selection, peripheral device adapter work. Electronic technology, and electronic products enriched, electronic engineer

19、s to</p><p>　　3, from the classic era of electronic technology to modern electronic technology of the times</p><p>　　80 years into the 20th century, the century of economic change is the most im

20、portant revolution in the computer. The computer revolution in the most important sign is the birth of the computer embedded applications. Modern computer numerical requirements should be born. A long period of time, is

21、to develop the massive computer numerical duty. But the computer shows the logic operation, processing, control, attracting experts in the field of electronic control, they want development to meet the c</p><p

22、>　　Although the early general-purpose computer converted the embedded computer systems, and real embedded system began in the emergence of SCM. Because the microcontroller is designed specifically for embedded applica

23、tions, the MCU can only achieve embedded applications. MCU embedded applications that best meet environmental requirements, for example, chip-level physical space, large-scale integrated circuits low-cost, good periphera

24、l interface bus and outstanding control of instruction. </p><p>　　A computer system microcontroller core, embedded electronic systems, intelligent electronic systems for the foundation. Therefore, the curren

25、t single chip electronic system in widespread use of electronic systems to enable rapid transition to the classical modern intelligent electronic systems.</p><p>　　4, single chip to create the modern era of

26、electronic systems</p><p>　　1 A microcontroller and embedded Systems</p><p>　　Embedded computer systems from embedded applications, embedded systems for early general-purpose computer adapted to

27、 the object system embedded in a variety of electronic systems, such as the ship's autopilot, engine monitoring systems. Embedded system is primarily a computer system, followed by it being embedded into the object s

28、ystem, objects in the object system to achieve required data collection, processing, status display, the output control functions, as embedded in the object system, emb</p><p>　　2 MCU modern electronic syste

29、ms consisting of electronic systems will become mainstream </p><p>　　MCU is a device-level computer systems, it can be embedded into any object system to achieve intelligent control. Small to micro-machinery

30、, such as watches, hearing aids. Low-cost integrated device-level, low-to a few dollars, ten dollars, enough to spread to many civilian SCM appliances, electronic toys to go. SCM constitutes a modern electronic systems h

31、as in-depth to the households, are changing our lives, such as home audio, televisions, washing machines, microwave ovens, telephones, securit</p><p>　　3 Embedded Systems led the entire electronics industry&

32、lt;/p><p>　　Current electronic components industry, in addition to microprocessors, embedded system devices, the most modern electronic systems around the supporting components industries, such as keys used to

33、meet the human-computer interaction, LED / LCD display drivers, LED / LCD display units, voice integrated device, etc., to meet the requirements of data acquisition channel digital sensor, ADC, data acquisition module, s

34、ignal conditioning modules to meet the servo drive control in the DAC, solid state</p><p>　　Electronic components in the embedded systems world, driven by embedded applications along fully meet requirements

35、of modern electronic systems development.This makes the original classic world of increasingly small electronic systems. Practitioners in the various electronic systems to modern electronic systems as early as possible t

36、o stay.</p><p>　　5, SCM will create a new generation of electronic elite</p><p>　　If the 50's, radio has created several generations of the world elite, then today's SCM will create a ne

37、w generation of e-world elite.</p><p>　　1 A single chip with you to the intelligent electronics </p><p>　　If we as a dead classic electronic system electronic system, then the intelligent modern

38、 electronic systems is a "life" of the electronic system. Application System of hardware, electronic systems, "body", microcontroller applications, the application gives it "life." For examp

39、le, in the design of intelligent machines monitor display, it can boot the system self-test results show, not to enter the work shows a variety of stand-by state, equipment run-time display running processes, work can be

40、 d</p><p>　　Intelligent electronic systems for the endless realm, often without additional hardware resources can achieve all kinds of renovated function. It is also present in many household appliances feat

41、ure a large number of additional factors.</p><p>　　2 single chip computer with you to the industrial area </p><p>　　The 21st century is the century of humanity into the computer age, many people

42、 are not used in the manufacture of computer is the computer. People using the computer, only the people engaged in embedded system applications really into the internal computer system hardware and software systems, can

43、 we truly understand the nature of the computer's intelligence and grasp the knowledge of intelligent design. MCU applications starting from the learning technology applications in today's computer soft</p>

44、<p>　　3 SCM bring you into the most attractive in the digital world</p><p>　　Charming single chip to enable you to experience the true meaning of the computer, you can design intelligent microcontroll

45、er hands-on toys, different applications can be designed to achieve different functions. Both software design and hardware making there, both mental and physical, but also hands. Primary level can develop intelligent toy

46、s, with macro programming. Intermediate levels can develop some intelligent controller, such as computer mouse, smart cars, all kinds of remote control model</p><p>　　從無線電世界到單片機世界</p><p>　　現(xiàn)代計算機

47、技術的產業(yè)革命,將世界經濟從資本經濟帶入到知識經濟時代.在電子世界領域,從20世紀中的無線電時代也進入到21世紀以計算機技術為中心的智能化現(xiàn)代電子系統(tǒng)時代.現(xiàn)代電子系統(tǒng)的基本核心是嵌入式計算機系統(tǒng)(簡稱嵌入式系統(tǒng)),而單片機是最典型,最廣泛,最普及的嵌入式系統(tǒng).</p><p>　　一 , 無線電世界造就了幾代英才 </p><p>　　在20世紀五六十年代,最具代表的先進的電子技術就是無

48、線電技術,包括無線電廣播,收音,無線通信(電報),業(yè)余無線電臺,無線電定位,導航等遙測,遙控,遙信技術.早期就是這些電子技術帶領著許多青少年步入了奇妙的電子世界,無線電技術展示了當時科技生活美妙的前景.電子 科學開始形成了一門新興學科.無線電電子學,無線通信開始了電子世界的歷程. </p><p>　　無線電技術不僅成為了當時先進科學技術的代表,而且從普及到專業(yè)的科學領域,吸引了廣大青少年,并使他們從中找到了無窮

49、的樂趣.從床頭的礦石收音機到超外差收音機;從無線電發(fā)報到業(yè)余無線電臺;從電話,電鈴到無線電操縱模型.無線電技術成為當時青少年科普,科技教 育最普及,最廣泛的內容.至今,許多老一輩的工程師、專家、教授當年都是無線電愛好者.無線電技術的無窮樂趣,無線電技術的全面訓練,從電子學基本原理,電子元器件基礎到無線電遙控,遙測,遙信電子系統(tǒng)制作,培養(yǎng)出了幾代科技英才.</p><p>　　二 , 從無線電時代到電子技術普及時代

50、 </p><p>　　早期的無線電技術推動了電子技術的發(fā)展,其中最主要的是真空管電子技術向半導體電子技術的發(fā)展.半導體電子技術使有源器件實現(xiàn)了微小型化和低成本,使無線電技術有了更大普及和創(chuàng)新,并大大地開闊了許多非無線電的控制領域. </p><p>　　半導體技術發(fā)展導致集成電路器件的產生,形成了近代電子技術的飛躍,電子技術從分立器件時代走進了電路集成時代.電子設計工程師不再用分立的電子

51、元器件設計電路單元,而直接選擇集成化的電路單元器件構成系統(tǒng).他們從電路單元設計中解放出來,致力于系統(tǒng)設計,大大地解放了科技生產力,促進了電子系統(tǒng)更大范圍的普及.</p><p>　　半導體集成電路首先在基本數字邏輯電路上取得突破.大量數字邏輯電路,如門電路,計數器,定時器,移位寄存器以及模擬開關,比較器等,為電子數字控制提供了極佳的條件,使傳統(tǒng)的機械控制轉向電子控制.功率電子器件以及傳感技術的發(fā)展使原先以無線電為

52、中心的電子技術開始轉向工程領域中的機械系統(tǒng)的數字控制,檢測領域中的信息采集,運動機械對象的電氣伺服驅動控制. </p><p>　　半導體及其集成電路技術將我們帶入了一個電子技術普及時代,無線電技術成為電子技術應用領域的一個部分.</p><p>　　進入 20 世紀 70 年代,大規(guī)模集成電路出現(xiàn),促進了常規(guī)的電子電路單元的專用電子系統(tǒng)發(fā)展.許多專用電子系統(tǒng)單元變成了集成化器件,如收音機

53、,電子鐘,計算器等,在這些領域的電子工程師從電路,系統(tǒng)的精心設計,調試轉變?yōu)槠骷x擇,外圍器件適配工作.電子技術發(fā)展了,電 子產品豐富了,電子工程師的難度減少了,但與此同時,無線電技術,電子技術的魅力卻削弱了.半導體集成電路的發(fā)展使經典電子系統(tǒng)日趨完善, 留在大規(guī)模集成電路以外的電子技術日益減少,電子技術沒有了往昔無線電時代的無窮樂趣和全面的工程訓練. </p><p>　　三 , 從經典電子技術時代到現(xiàn)代電子技

54、術時代</p><p>　　進入20世紀80年代,世紀經濟中最重要的變革是計算機的產業(yè)革命.而計算機產業(yè)革命的最重要標志則是計算機嵌入式應用的誕生.近代電子計算機是應數值計算要求誕生的.在很長的時間內,電子計算機都是以發(fā)展海量數值計算為己任.但是電子計算機表現(xiàn)出的邏輯運算,處理,控制能力,吸引了電子控制領域的專家,他們要求發(fā)展能滿足控制對象要求,實現(xiàn)嵌入式應用的計算機系統(tǒng).如果將滿足海量數據處理的計算機系統(tǒng)稱為通

55、用計算機系統(tǒng),那么則可把嵌入到對象體系(如艦船、飛機、機車等) 中的計算機系統(tǒng)稱作嵌入式計算機.顯而易見,兩者的技術發(fā)展方向是不同的.前者要求海量數據存儲,吞吐,高速數據處理分析及傳輸;而后者要求在對象環(huán)境中可靠運行,對外部物理參數的高速采集,邏輯分析處理和對外部對象的快速控制等.早期人們將通用計算機加上數據采集單元,輸出驅動電路勉為其難地構成一個熱處理爐的溫控系統(tǒng).這樣的通用計算機系統(tǒng)不可能為大多數電子系統(tǒng)采用,而且要使通用計算機系統(tǒng)

56、滿足嵌入式應用要求,必然影響高速數值處理技術的發(fā)展.為了解決計算機技術發(fā)展的矛盾,在20世紀70年代,半導體專家另辟蹊徑,完全按照電子系統(tǒng)的計算機嵌入式應用要求,將一個微型</p><p>　　早期雖然有通用計算機改裝而成的嵌入式計算機系統(tǒng),而真正意義上的嵌入式系統(tǒng)始于單片機的出現(xiàn).因為單片機是專門為嵌入式應用設計的,單片機只能實現(xiàn)嵌入式應用.單片機能最好地滿足嵌入式應用的環(huán)境要求,例如,芯片級的物理空間,大規(guī)模

57、集成電路的低價位,良好的外圍接口總線和突出控制功能的指令系統(tǒng). </p><p>　　單片機有計算機系統(tǒng)內核,嵌入到電子系統(tǒng)中,為電子系統(tǒng)智能化奠定了基礎.因此,當前單片機在電子系統(tǒng)中的廣泛使用,使經典電子系統(tǒng)迅速過渡到智能化的現(xiàn)代電子系統(tǒng).</p><p>　　四 , 單片機開創(chuàng)了現(xiàn)代電子系統(tǒng)時代 </p><p>　　1 單片機與嵌入式系統(tǒng) </p>

58、<p>　　嵌入式系統(tǒng)源于計算機的嵌入式應用,早期嵌入式系統(tǒng)為通用計算機經改裝后嵌入到對象體系中的各種電子系統(tǒng),如艦船的自動駕駛儀,輪機監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)等.嵌入式系統(tǒng)首先是一個計算機系統(tǒng),其次它被嵌入到對象體系中,在對象體系中實現(xiàn)對象要求的數據采集,處理,狀態(tài)顯示,輸出控制等功能,由于嵌入在對象體系中,嵌入式系統(tǒng)的計算機沒有計算機的獨立形式及功能.單片機完全是按照嵌入式系統(tǒng)要求設計的,因此單片機是最典型的嵌入式系統(tǒng).早期的單片機只

59、是按嵌入式應用技術要求設計的計算機單芯片集成,故名單片機.隨后,單片機為滿足嵌入式應用要求不斷增強其控制功能與外圍接口功能,尤其是突出控制功能,因此國際上已將單片機正名為微控制器(MCU,Microcontroller Unit). </p><p>　　2 單片機構成的現(xiàn)代電子系統(tǒng)將成為主流電子系統(tǒng) </p><p>　　單片機是器件級計算機系統(tǒng),它可以嵌入到任何對象體系中去,實現(xiàn)智能化

60、控制.小到微型機械,如手表,助聽器.集成器件級的低價位,低 到幾元,十幾元,足以使單片機普及到許多民用家電,電子玩具中去.單片機構成的現(xiàn)代電子系統(tǒng)已深入到各家各戶,正改變我們的生活,如家庭中的音響,電視機,洗衣機,微波爐,電話,防盜系統(tǒng),空調機等.單片機革新了原有電子系統(tǒng),如微波爐采用單片機控制后,可方便地進行時鐘設置,程序記憶,功率控制;空調機采用單片機后不但遙控參數設置方便, 運行狀態(tài)自動變換,還可實現(xiàn)變頻控制.目前許多家用電器如

61、VCD,DVD 只有單片機出現(xiàn)后才可能實現(xiàn)其功能. </p><p>　　3 嵌入式系統(tǒng)帶動了整個電子產業(yè) </p><p>　　目前電子元器件產業(yè)除了微處理器,嵌入式系統(tǒng)器件外,大多是圍繞現(xiàn)代電子系統(tǒng)配套的元器件產業(yè),例如滿足人機交互用的按鍵,LED/LCD 顯示驅動,LED/LCD 顯示單元,語音集成器件等,滿足數據采集通道要求的數字傳感器,ADC,數據采集模塊,信號調理模塊等,滿足伺

62、服驅動控制的DAC,固體繼電器,步進電機控制器,變頻控制單元等,滿足通信要求的各種總線驅動器,電平轉換器等. </p><p>　　世界電子元器件在嵌入式系統(tǒng)帶動下,沿著充分滿足嵌入式應用的現(xiàn)代電子系統(tǒng)要求發(fā)展.這就使原來經典電子系統(tǒng)的天地愈來愈小.電子系統(tǒng)中的各類從業(yè)人員應盡早轉向現(xiàn)代電子系統(tǒng)的康莊大道. </p><p>　　五 , 單片機將造就新一代電子精英 </p>

63、<p>　　如果說五十年代起,無線電世界造就了幾代精英,那么當今的單片機世界將會造就出新一代電子精英. </p><p>　　1 單片機帶你進入智能化電子領域 </p><p>　　若將經典電子系統(tǒng)當作一個僵死的電子系統(tǒng),那么智能化的現(xiàn)代電子系統(tǒng)則是一個具有"生命"的電子系統(tǒng).單片機應用系統(tǒng)的硬件結構給予電子 系統(tǒng)"身軀",單片機應用系統(tǒng)的

64、應用程序賦予其"生命".例如,在設計智能化儀器顯示器的顯示功能時,可在開機時顯示系統(tǒng)自檢結果,未進入工作時顯示各種待機狀態(tài),儀器運行時顯示運行過程,工作結束后可顯示當前結果,自檢結果,原始數據,各種處理報表等.在無人值守時,可給定各種自動運行功能. </p><p>　　電子系統(tǒng)的智能化為無止境境界,常常不需硬件資源的增添就能實現(xiàn)各種翻新功能.這也是當前許多家用電器功能大量增設的因素之一. &

65、lt;/p><p>　　2 單片機帶你進入計算機工控領域 </p><p>　　21 世紀是全人類進入計算機時代的世紀,許多人不是在制造計算機便是在使用計算機.在使用計算機的人們中,只有從事嵌入式系統(tǒng)應用的人才真正地進入到計算機系統(tǒng)的內部軟,硬件體系中,才能真正領會計算機的智能化本質并掌握智能化設計的知識.從學習單片機應用技術入手是當今培養(yǎng)計算機應用軟,硬件技術人才的最佳道路之一. </

66、p><p>　　3 單片機帶你進入最具魅力的電子世界 </p><p>　　獨具魅力的單片機能使你體會到電腦的真諦,你可以用單片機親自動手設計智能玩具,可以設計不同的應用程序實現(xiàn)不同的功能.既有硬件制作又有軟件設計,既動腦,又動手.初級水平可開發(fā)智能玩具,用宏指令編程.中級水平可開發(fā)一些智能控制器,如電腦鼠,智能車,各種遙控模 型.高級水平可開發(fā)機器人,如機器人足球賽,開發(fā)工業(yè)控制單元,網絡通