外文資料翻譯---基于gprs遠程監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)終端的研究

1、<p>　　畢業(yè)設計(論文)外文資料翻譯</p><p>　　注：請將該封面與附件裝訂成冊。附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文</p><p>　　基于GPRS遠程監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)終端的研究</p><p><b>　　引言</b></p><p>　　隨著計算機技術(shù)的發(fā)展，特別是Internet技術(shù)廣泛應用到人們生活的各個

2、方面，使人們的生活發(fā)生了巨大的變化，從工業(yè)控制領(lǐng)域來講，由于需要監(jiān)控的區(qū)域廣、監(jiān)控的對象種類多，因而需要花費大量的人力、物力和財力進行設備的維護，而且有許多環(huán)境惡劣、人們不易到達或不能時刻停留的地方不經(jīng)常的采集一些現(xiàn)場數(shù)據(jù)，如果進行大量的拉線工作則是不經(jīng)濟、不合理的，這就推動了無線通信的技術(shù)在遠程監(jiān)控領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展。</p><p>　　GPRS（通用分組無線業(yè)務），作為當前的GSM網(wǎng)絡向第三代移動通信技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換的過渡

3、技術(shù)（2.5G）具有接入快速、時刻在線、按流量計費等優(yōu)點，在遠程突發(fā)性數(shù)據(jù)及時傳輸中有不可比擬的優(yōu)勢。</p><p><b>　　2 GPRS技術(shù)</b></p><p>　　GPRS（General Packet Radio Service）通用分組無線業(yè)務，是在GSM系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上建立的移動網(wǎng)絡系統(tǒng)，他使用分組交換技術(shù)，能兼容GSM，并且能在網(wǎng)絡上傳輸高速數(shù)據(jù)，G

4、PRS在傳統(tǒng)的GSM網(wǎng)絡中引入了3個新的器件：PCU（Packet Control Unit，分組控制單元）、SGSN（Serving GPRS Support Node，GPRS服務支持節(jié)點）和GGSN（Gateway GPRS Support Node，GPRS網(wǎng)關(guān)支持節(jié)點），GPRS通信具有以下特點：</p><p>　　資源利用率高 GPRS引進了分組交換的傳輸模式，用戶只有在發(fā)送或接收數(shù)據(jù)期間才占用資

5、源，這就是說多個用戶可高效率地共享同一無線通信，從而提高了資源的利用率，而GSM傳輸數(shù)據(jù)方式為電路交換模式，在整個連接時期內(nèi)，用戶無論是否傳送數(shù)據(jù)都將獨自占用無線信道。GPRS用戶的計費按通信的數(shù)據(jù)流量為計費標準。</p><p>　　傳輸速度高 GPRS數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速度可達57.6KB/s，最高可達到115-117.2kb/s，完全可以滿足用戶應用的需求。</p><p>　　接入時間短

6、 GPRS接入等待時間短，可快速建立連接，平均為2s。</p><p>　　提供實時在線功能 用戶將初始處于連線和在線狀態(tài)，這將使訪問服務變得非常簡單、快速。</p><p>　　支持IP協(xié)議和X.25協(xié)議 GPRS支持Internet上應用最廣泛的IP協(xié)議和X.25協(xié)議，而且由于GSM網(wǎng)絡覆蓋面廣，使得GPRS能提供Internet和其它分組網(wǎng)絡的全球性無線接入。</p&g

7、t;<p>　　從上述的GPRS特點可以看出，GPRS網(wǎng)絡特別適合于頻發(fā)小數(shù)據(jù)量的實時傳輸。工業(yè)的遠程數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)就是一個比較典型的頻發(fā)小數(shù)據(jù)量的實時傳輸系統(tǒng)。</p><p><b>　　3 系統(tǒng)設計</b></p><p><b>　　3.1 系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)</b></p><p>　　整個系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)如圖1所示

8、。</p><p><b>　　系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)</b></p><p>　　用戶終端設備通過串行接口或無線通訊方式連接到GPRS數(shù)據(jù)終端上，然后將數(shù)據(jù)打成IP包，再通過GPRS空中接口接入到GPRS網(wǎng)絡，最終通過各種網(wǎng)關(guān)和路由到達系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)中心。</p><p>　　3.2 終端硬件設計</p><p>　　GPRS數(shù)據(jù)終端的硬

9、件結(jié)構(gòu)采用模塊化設計，共包含數(shù)據(jù)處理模塊，遠程通信模塊，模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換模塊和顯示模塊四部分，系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)如圖2所示。</p><p>　　數(shù)據(jù)處理模塊主要包含AT89C55，X25045兩個芯片，AT89C55用于處理與遠程通信模塊、模/數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換模塊和顯示模塊間的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸，為了保證數(shù)據(jù)不會因為掉電而丟失，采用串行E2PROM器件X25045對數(shù)據(jù)進行存儲。</p><p>　　遠程通信模塊主要包含GP

10、RS無線模塊、SIM卡和串口模塊MAX3238三部分，SIEMENS GPRS無線模塊采用MC35GPRS模塊，其功能是將數(shù)據(jù)或命令通過與其連接天線發(fā)射出去，或接收遠端監(jiān)控中心發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)，再將接收到的數(shù)據(jù)或命令進行相應的協(xié)議處理后，通過MAX3238送入單片機進行處理，MX3238起電平轉(zhuǎn)換和串行通信的功能，由于傳輸數(shù)據(jù)的承載方式是GPRS網(wǎng)絡，所以SIM卡是不可缺少的，功能是存儲數(shù)據(jù)和在安全條件下完成客戶身份鑒定和客戶信息加密計算的全

11、過程。</p><p>　　模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換模塊的功能將采集到的模擬信號轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字量，它被看作是單片機處理信息源，電路設計時采用了AD0832芯片作為模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換芯片，先將模擬信號送入AD0832轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字量，再送入T89C55芯片進行計算和處理。</p><p>　　顯示模塊主要是考慮到當現(xiàn)場有管理人員巡視時，可以方便實時地了解現(xiàn)場情況，系統(tǒng)使用了一種管理鍵盤和LED顯示器的專用智能控制芯片HD72

12、79A，HD7279A與處理器之間采用串行接口，其接口電路和外圍電路電簡單，占用的接口線數(shù)目少，只需4條，具有較高的性價比。</p><p>　　3.3 終端軟件設計</p><p>　　數(shù)據(jù)終端必須具備以下基本功能：自動登錄GPRS網(wǎng)絡，自動向數(shù)據(jù)中心注冊動態(tài)IP地址和SIM卡的IMSI號，進行數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。</p><p>　　3.3.1 串口驅(qū)動</p>

13、;<p>　　由于數(shù)據(jù)終端是用單片機實現(xiàn)的，必須從底層的串口通信開始逐漸實現(xiàn)GPRS登錄，最終實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸，串口驅(qū)動實現(xiàn)打開串口（OpenComm）、關(guān)閉串口（CloseComm）、讀串口數(shù)據(jù)（ReadComm）、向串口寫數(shù)據(jù)（WriteComm）、串口中斷（Interrupt UartRxISR）等。</p><p>　　3.3.2 登錄GPRS網(wǎng)絡</p><p>　　

14、通過GPRS Modem支持的AT命令集對其進行初始化設置，初始化設置成功后即可進行撥號連接，GPRS Modem的初始化及撥號過程如下：</p><p>　　AT+IPR=38400；</p><p>　　//把波特率設置為38400b/s，默認值為9600b/s。</p><p>　　AT+CGCLASS=“B”；</p><p>　　/

15、/設置移動終端的類別為B類，即具有GPRS上網(wǎng)和GSM語音功能，但二者不能同時使用，可自動切換。</p><p>　　AT+CGDCONT=1，“IP”，“CMNET”；</p><p>　　//設置GPRS接入網(wǎng)關(guān)，如果Modem返回“310D”則表示初始化成功。</p><p>　　發(fā)送“ATDT*99***1#”若Modem返回“310D”則表示成功接通GPR

16、S網(wǎng)絡。</p><p>　　3.3.3 網(wǎng)絡協(xié)商</p><p>　　GGSN 和Modem通信時遵循PPP協(xié)議，Modem撥號后首先要與GGSN進行通信鏈路的協(xié)商，即進行點到點的各種通信鏈路的參數(shù)配置，協(xié)商過程遵循LCP、PAP、CHAP、IPCP等協(xié)議，其中LCP用于建立、構(gòu)造、測試鏈路連接，PAP或CHAP用于處理密碼驗證部分；IPCP協(xié)議用于設置網(wǎng)絡協(xié)議環(huán)境，并分配IP地址。Mo

17、dem接收到IP后將其存入數(shù)據(jù)終端的配置地址域，數(shù)據(jù)終端向數(shù)據(jù)中心發(fā)送配置后的數(shù)據(jù)幀，告知其動態(tài)IP地址和IMSI號，數(shù)據(jù)中心存儲收到的信息，作為下傳數(shù)據(jù)的聯(lián)絡信息。</p><p>　　3.3.4 傳輸數(shù)據(jù)</p><p>　　網(wǎng)絡協(xié)商之后即可進行數(shù)據(jù)傳送，GPRS網(wǎng)絡支持TCP/IP協(xié)議，所以通過收發(fā)IP數(shù)據(jù)包來傳送數(shù)據(jù)，此時，終端系統(tǒng)向GGSN發(fā)送的所有包含IP報文的PPP報文都會被

18、傳送給Internet網(wǎng)中相應的IP地址，從而完成終端系統(tǒng)向遠程監(jiān)控中心通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳輸數(shù)據(jù)的過程。</p><p>　　系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)的一個難點是登錄GGSN的過程，即終端系統(tǒng)登錄GPRS網(wǎng)關(guān)（GGSN）并與網(wǎng)關(guān)通過LCP，PAP，IPCP協(xié)議進行協(xié)商的過程。</p><p>　　網(wǎng)絡協(xié)商過程是一個復雜的過程，協(xié)商過程大致如下，在撥號成功連接后GPRS網(wǎng)關(guān)首先會返回一個PAP REQ幀，我們發(fā)送

19、一個空LCP REQ幀，以強迫進行協(xié)議協(xié)商階段，隨后，GPRS網(wǎng)關(guān)發(fā)送LCP設置幀，我們拒絕所有的設置并請求驗證模式，GPRR網(wǎng)關(guān)選擇CHAP或PAP方式驗證，我們只接受PAP方式，然后進行PAP驗證用戶名或密碼過程，如果成功，GPRS網(wǎng)關(guān)會返回IPCP報文分配動態(tài)IP地址。此時就完成了GPRS網(wǎng)關(guān)的協(xié)商過程。</p><p><b>　　4 結(jié)論</b></p><p&

20、gt;　　遠程監(jiān)控技術(shù)在工業(yè)控制領(lǐng)域中的應用非常廣泛，在電力系統(tǒng)、燃氣管道管網(wǎng)、石油勘測、水利、交通運輸?shù)阮I(lǐng)域有著非常重要的作用，采用GPRS無線技術(shù)使得監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的實時性、可靠性有了很大的提高，進一步促進了工業(yè)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的智能化和信息化。附件2：外文原文 </p><p>　　Long-distance supervisory system data terminal research Based on GPRS&

21、lt;/p><p>　　1 introduction </p><p>　　With the development of computer technology, Internet technology is particularly extensive and in-depth various aspects of people's lives. make people's

22、 lives has undergone a profound change.As industrial areas, because of the need to control areas, monitoring of a wide range of objects, hence the need to spend a lot of manpower, material and financial resources for equ

23、ipment maintenance. Moreover, there are many adverse conditions, it is not easy to stay the occasional moment of arrival or not </p><p>　　GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) is based on the GSM mobile networ

24、k systems, the use of packet switching technology, compatible with GSM, and high-speed data transmission networks, GPRS in the GSM network to introduce a traditional three new components : PCU (Packet Control Unit, a con

25、trol unit). SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node. GPRS service node support) and GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node. Gateway GPRS support node) with the following characteristics :</p><p>　　The high utilization rate

26、 of resources to the introduction of the GPRS packet switching mode of transmission, Only users send or receive data only during the occupation of resources This means that many users share the same wireless communicatio

27、ns and high efficiency, thereby increasing the utilization of resources. GSM circuit switched data transmission methods and models for the entire link period, Whether users transmit data alone will occupy Channel. GPRS用戶

28、的計費按通信的數(shù)據(jù)流量為計費標準。GPRS Billing users</p><p>　　GPRS data transmission speed of high-speed transmission 57.6KB/s. the highest attainable 115-117.2kb/s fully meet user needs.</p><p>　　Access to wait

29、 for a short time GPRS access time is short, fast connectivity, the average 2s.</p><p>　　Online users will provide real-time line and on-line at the initial state, which will visit service is very simple and

30、 rapid.</p><p>　　GPRS supports IP and X.25 support of the most widely used Internet IP and X . 25 agreement, but because of GSM network coverage, makes GPRS will provide Internet and other wireless access to

31、 a global network.</p><p>　　GPRS features can be seen from the above, the GPRS network is particularly suited to the frequent small-volume data transmission.</p><p>　　Industry Remote Data Acquis

32、ition System is a relatively small volume of data typical of the real-time frequency transmission system. 3 System Design</p><p>　　3.1 system structure</p><p>　　Overall system structure like ch

33、art 1 shows.</p><p>　　Serial or user terminal equipment to connect to GPRS wireless data terminals, and then labeled as</p><p>　　IP packet data. GPRS air interface to access through GPRS network

34、 Gateway Routing and eventually arrived at through various data centers.</p><p>　　3.2 terminals hardware design</p><p>　　GPRS data terminal hardware modular design, include the data-processing m

35、odule, remote communication module. analog-digital conversion module and display module,</p><p>　　the system structure is shown in figure 2. </p><p>　　Data processing module contains AT89C55[3]

36、, X25045 two chips, AT89C55 for dealing with long-range communication modules, analog / digital converter module and the module data transmission. To ensure that data will not be lost restart. Serial E2PROM X25045 device

37、 used for data storage. Remote Communication module includes GPRS module and SIM Serial Module MAX3238 three parts. SIEMENS GPRS wireless module using the MC35[4]GPRS module Its function is to connect the data with a

38、n antenna or throu</p><p>　　When the module is mainly on account management staff to inspect the scene, they can facilitate real-time understanding of the situation. management system using a special keyboar

39、d and LED display, intelligent control HD7279A. HD7279A processor uses serial interface, the interface circuit and the external circuit -- simple. I occupied lines, only 4, with low cost and high performance. 3.3 Termin

40、al Software Design</p><p>　　Data terminals must possess the following basic functions : automatic download the GPRS network. Automatic data centers to the SIM IMSI and its dynamic IP address for data transmi

41、ssion. 3.3.1 Serial Driver</p><p>　　Data terminal is due to the MCU. Serial communication must begin from the bottom GPRS download and eventually achieve data transmission. Serial opened Serial Driver (Open

42、 Comm) closed Serial (Close Comm) Reading serial data (Read Comm), wrote to the serial data (Write Comm) interrupt (Interrupt UartRxISR). 3.3.2 download GPRS network</p><p>　　AT command set to support GPRS

43、Modem its initialization, initialization can be successful for dial-up connections. GPRS and dial-up modem initialization process is as follows : AT+IPR=38400; //把波特率設置為38400b/s，默認值為9600b/s。4003rd regard for the Baud

44、 Rate Setting 38400b/s, default values for 9600b/s. AT+CGCLASS=“B”；AT+CGCLASS= "B"; //設置移動終端的類別為B類，即具有GPRS上網(wǎng)和GSM語音功能，但二者不能同時使用，可自動切換。4003rd mobile terminals for the B category, with GSM and GPRS Internet vo

45、ice function, However, they can not</p><p>　　AT+CGDCONT=1, "IP", "CMNET"; //設置GPRS接入網(wǎng)關(guān)，如果Modem返回“310D”則表示初始化成功。4003rd installed GPRS Access Gateway, Modem return "310D" sai

46、d initialization successful. 發(fā)送“ATDT*99***1#”若Modem返回“310D”則表示成功接通GPRS網(wǎng)絡。Send "ATDT*99***1#" If Modem return "310D" said successfully connected GPR S network.</p><p>　　3.3.3 Network co

47、nsultation</p><p>　　GGSN and Modem Communication followed with PPP. After the first modem dial-up communication links with the GGSN for consultations that the point-to-point communication link for the distri

48、bution of the parameters, the process followed LCP, PAP, CHAP. IPCP other agreements, LCP for the establishment, structure, testing Link Connection. PAP or CHAP for handling password verification ;IPCP part of the agreem

49、ent for the establishment of network protocol environment. and distributed IP addresses. Mode</p><p>　　3.3.4 transmissions data</p><p>　　After network consultation for data transmission. GPRS ne

50、twork to support IP protocol and IP data packets through, transceiver to transmit data at this time, Terminal System GGSN sent to the PPP IP Packet contains all messages will be transmitted to the Internet Network corres

51、ponding IP addresses, thereby completing terminal transmission of data via the Internet to remote monitoring center in the process.</p><p>　　Realization of the difficult process of the System posted GGSN is

52、a difficult process. Gate way GPRS terminal that is recorded (GGSN) and Gateway to LCP, PAP,IPCP agreement in the course of our consultations.</p><p>　　Network consultation process is a complex process, the

53、process is as follows. gateway.</p><p>　　GPRS dial-up access, the first successful return to a PAP REQ frame, LCP REQ we sent an empty frame, the agreement forced to the stage of negotiations, then Gateway G

54、PRS send LCP installed frame, we reject all requests to install and test mode PAP or CHAP certify GPRR Gateway option, we will accept only the PAP, PAP user name or password and then verify the process, if successful, Me

55、ssage Gateway GPRS will return IPCP dynamic allocation of IP addresses. 此時就完成了GPRS網(wǎng)關(guān)的協(xié)商過程，流程如圖3所示。Gateway GPRS tim</p><p>　　5 Conclusion</p><p>　　Remote monitoring technology in the field of ind

56、ustrial control applications are extensive, in the power system. Network ignite oil investigation, irrigation, transportation and other areas has a very important role, using GPRS wireless technology makes real-time moni