框架結(jié)構(gòu)的抗震設(shè)計(jì)思路外文翻譯

1、<p>　　中國石油大學(xué)（華東）畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）</p><p><b>　　外 文 翻 譯</b></p><p><b>　　學(xué)生姓名：曹文冉</b></p><p>　　學(xué) 號(hào)：03121107</p><p>　　專業(yè)班級(jí)：土木工程03-1班</p><p

2、><b>　　指導(dǎo)教師：高福聚</b></p><p>　　2007年6月18日</p><p>　　<Journal of Constructional Concrete Research 55 (2000) 289–303></p><p>　　Frame Structure Anti-earthquake Design

3、Way of Thinking</p><p>　　Theodore V. Galambos</p><p>　　University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　Currently, the anti-earth

4、quake norms all round the world almost adopt to a kind of way of thinking: The adoption presses the earthquake strong or weak of possible situation to divide the line earthquake cent area; According to everyplace the his

5、tory occurrence of the area earthquake of covariance result or to geology structure of the history investigate to have to explicit statistics the meaning establish the sport peak in waterproof and quasi-ground value acce

6、leration; Make use of again the rea</p><p>　　Keywords: frame structure; anti-earthquake design; design way of thinking</p><p>　　1．Simple Review of Anti-earthquake Design Way of Thinking</p>

7、;<p>　　The development that constructs the structure anti- earthquake is along with people all the earthquake move with the structure characteristic of the understanding is continuously thorough but develop gradua

8、lly, however, from is born up to now the history of a hundred years, have mostly several to develop a stage as follows:</p><p>　　(1) Quiet dint stage: It first from a Japanese professor passed to harm to pro

9、gnosticate the anti- earthquake design theories that put forward with the theories understanding at that time to the limited earthquake, being applicable to only just rigid body structure. It didn't think characteris

10、tic and the place difference to consider structure to the influence that constructs structure.</p><p>　　(2) Respond the table stage: Along with vibrate to record of obtain and the development of the structur

11、e dynamics theories, the Biota professor of the United States put forward flexibility to respond the concept of the table in 1940, respond the table is list the freely flexible system, it was obtain of numerous earthquak

12、es record of encourage, the structure period or respond of the relation, include the acceleration reaction table, the speed responded a table, moved to respond a table. It consi</p><p>　　(3)the motive theori

13、es stage: Along with move understanding and comprehend to the earthquake of deepen continuously, know to some shortage of the reaction table, such as to the earthquake move hold of influence consideration not week, and t

14、he exaltation of the calculator function, make the motive method develop gradually, its essence solves a square distance of motive directly, but because of earthquake the ground sport acceleration is very irregular, it c

15、an't beg for differential calculus squar</p><p>　　(4) At American Northridge earthquake in 1994 and Japanese Kobe earthquake in 1995 after, the beautiful day scholar put forward again according to the an

16、ti- earthquake design method of behavior, it was during the period of usage to make the building structure satisfy various requests that used function according to the basic thought of behavior. Tradition according to th

17、e design method dissimilarity of the dint, adjudicate to the structure function mainly is according to move standard, move inde</p><p>　　a. Emphasize the system and the society of the earthquake engineering;

18、</p><p>　　b. The part that knows an original anti- earthquake to design norm is unsuited to reasonableness.</p><p>　　Conduct and actions according to the foundation of the function anti- earthqu

19、ake design, should to the particular level earthquake function of a certain covariance meaning under of the structure move, the speed and acceleration carry on accurate valuation, should also have a reasonable of valuati

20、on method with available valuation tool. It is exactly because of this purpose, put forward and developed the Pushover method and ability to compose a method. The basic way of thinking of the Pushover me</p><p

21、>　　2．Basic Way of Thinking of Frame Structure Anti-earthquake Design-ductility Standard</p><p>　　After the flexibility respond table put forward, the people's detection computes to gain from here of t

22、he structure respond with the actual earthquake the breakage phenomenon of the structure contain certain antinomy, mainly is press the flexibility reaction table to calculate of the structure responded the acceleration a

23、s habitual to design the earthquake dint to take to be worth big quite a few at that time doubly, and took to settle according to the habitual of the function of the design eart</p><p>　　Currently, the anti-

24、 earthquake norms all round the world almost adopts so a kind of way of thinking: The adoption presses the earthquake strong or weak of possible situation to divide the line earthquake cent area; According to everyplace

25、the history occurrence of the area earthquake of covariance result or to geology structure of the history investigate to have to explicit statistics the meaning establish the sport peak value in waterproof and quasi- gro

26、und value acceleration; Make use of agai</p><p>　　Underneath this kind of discusses the our country anti- earthquake norm mostly way of thinking, the current Chinese norm didn't adopt a variety to establ

27、ish to defend the earthquake intensity level to take to use, but don’ Ted add a distinction of unify an adoption of the earthquake dint adjustment coefficient R=1/0.35;In the meantime, mostly according to establish a dis

28、similarity of defend the earthquake intensity, divide the line the different anti- earthquake grade, fix attention on in establ</p><p>　　The earthquake dint adjustment coefficient of all countries norm provi

29、sion</p><p>　　3．Ability Design Method</p><p>　　Top a part emphasized to discuss the design earthquake dint to take the problem of the value, but wanted to promise structure under the big earthqu

30、ake of function, also need to establish the valid anti- earthquake measure, make the structure really have need of keep vertical loading under the dint condition not- flexible transform an ability, this be the so-called

31、ability design method.</p><p>　　Ability design method from New Zealand the reinforced concrete anti- earthquake expert scholars such as the T. Parlay and the R. Park etc. development with initiate, main way

32、of thinking is to the member occasionally member dissimilarity inside the piece is subjected to the dint form of the loading ability differ of control, promise the reinforced concrete structure formation the beam swing j

33、oint organization and ductility bigger is cut noodles to be subjected to the dint breakage appearance, ma</p><p>　　The ability design method mainly passes the following three kinds of measure to give assuran

34、ce: </p><p>　　1. Enlarge pillar opposite in the anti- of the beam-curved ability, artificial of leading of the structure swing joint part.</p><p>　　2. Raise opposite in is cut the noodles loadin

35、g dint of the anti- shear ability, avoiding appearing non- ductility to shear to slice breakage.</p><p>　　3. To the part that appears the plasticity swing probably, the adoption corresponds of structure meas

36、ure, assurance necessity of not- flexible transform function.</p><p>　　First, the reasonable part of the swing joint carry on a discussion, all countries mostly of the way of thinking inclines toward to make

37、 the project that the beam carries first to carry to appear in the pillar about and all. This kind of swing joint project has a following advantage: The ductility of the beam is easy to a control, and under general circu

38、mstance compare pillar of the ductility is big; The whole plasticity of the beam swing joint ratio pillar swing joint formation transform small;</p><p>　　Avoided appearing to shear reason of slice the breaka

39、ge early easy, be because of shearing to slice to break to belong to the brittleness breakage, disadvantage in promise the ductility of the structure, promise of way be according to the dissimilarity of the anti- earthqu

40、ake grade to all beams, pillars, wall etc. the adoption is opposite to bend in the anti- of different super go together with coefficient.</p><p>　　The basic request that the anti- earthquake anti- shear is b

41、efore the beam carry plastic hinge that big epicenter need turn to move and don't take place to shear to slice breakage, this sheared concept difference with the non- anti- earthquake anti-.For various different proc

42、essing methods that the structure anti- of the member shears mechanism and the our country norm, there is the necessity elucidation here once. Beam: When anti- shake because of low week again and again the function made

43、the </p><p>　　After shearing the discussion of mechanism to the above anti-earthquake, can be do with the function of the beam stirrup to tally up as follows: The first obvious function is to used for an ant

44、i- to shear; The second function controls concrete, this to guarantee the structure ductility contain count for much function, can also say literally here the obstacle that once high and strong concrete meet when used fo

45、r anti- earthquake, this is related with the material of the high and strong concrete f</p><p>　　框架結(jié)構(gòu)的抗震設(shè)計(jì)思路</p><p>　　【摘 要】目前，世界各國的抗震規(guī)范都采用這種思路：按可遇地震的強(qiáng)弱劃分地震分區(qū)；根據(jù)各地區(qū)的歷史發(fā)生地震的統(tǒng)計(jì)或?qū)Φ刭|(zhì)構(gòu)造的考察得出設(shè)防水準(zhǔn)地面的運(yùn)動(dòng)

46、峰值加速度；再利用加速度反應(yīng)譜給出不同周期下結(jié)構(gòu)的反應(yīng)加速度；通過地震力調(diào)整系數(shù)R得到設(shè)計(jì)加速度水準(zhǔn)。同時(shí)，很多國家都同意這樣的觀點(diǎn)，設(shè)防烈度水準(zhǔn)可取用不同的值，選用越高的設(shè)防烈度水準(zhǔn)，結(jié)構(gòu)的延性要求也就越低，選用越低的設(shè)防烈度水準(zhǔn)，結(jié)構(gòu)的延性要求就越高。結(jié)構(gòu)延性保障條件是構(gòu)件的延性，通過有效合理的連接，結(jié)構(gòu)體系選擇合理，剛度分布合理的條件下就能基本保證結(jié)構(gòu)的延性。</p><p>　　【關(guān)鍵詞】框架結(jié)構(gòu)；抗震設(shè)

47、計(jì)；設(shè)計(jì)思路 </p><p>　　1．抗震設(shè)計(jì)思路的簡單回憶</p><p>　　建筑結(jié)構(gòu)抗震的發(fā)展是隨著人們對(duì)地震動(dòng)和結(jié)構(gòu)的認(rèn)識(shí)不斷深入而發(fā)展起來的，從誕生至今只有百年的歷史，大致有以下幾個(gè)發(fā)展階段：</p><p>　　靜力階段：它起初由日本的一位教授對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)有限的震害觀測(cè)和理論</p><p>　　認(rèn)識(shí)提出抗震設(shè)計(jì)理論,僅僅適用于剛體結(jié)

48、構(gòu)。它沒有考慮結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)力特性</p><p>　　和場地不同對(duì)建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。</p><p>　　(2)反應(yīng)譜階段: 隨著地震動(dòng)記錄的得到和結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力學(xué)理論的發(fā)展，1940年美國的Biota教授提出了彈性反應(yīng)譜的概念，反應(yīng)譜是自由彈性體系，在獲取的很多地震記錄的激勵(lì)下，結(jié)構(gòu)周期與響應(yīng)之間的關(guān)系，包括加速度反應(yīng)譜，速度反應(yīng)譜，位移反應(yīng)譜。其考慮了結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)力特性，到現(xiàn)在為止仍然是各國規(guī)范設(shè)計(jì)的

49、取值基礎(chǔ)。地震作用力計(jì)算常采用底部剪力法和振型分解反應(yīng)譜法，振型分解反應(yīng)譜法的基本概念是：假定建筑結(jié)構(gòu)是線彈性的多自由度體系，利用振型分解和振型正交性的原理，將求解n個(gè)自由度彈性體系的地震反應(yīng)分解,為求解n個(gè)獨(dú)立的等效單自由度彈性體系的最大地震反應(yīng)，進(jìn)而求得對(duì)應(yīng)于每一個(gè)振型的作用效應(yīng)。就可以根據(jù)地震作用的方式不同，采用不同的組合方式，對(duì)于平面振動(dòng)的多質(zhì)點(diǎn)彈性體系，可以用SRSS法，它是假定輸入地震為平穩(wěn)隨機(jī)過程，每個(gè)振型反應(yīng)之間相互獨(dú)立

50、而推導(dǎo)得到的；對(duì)于考慮平—扭耦連的多質(zhì)點(diǎn)彈性體系，采用CQC法，它與SRSS法的主要區(qū)別在于：平面振動(dòng)時(shí)假定各振型相互獨(dú)立，各振型的隨著頻率的增高而降低；而平—扭耦連,各振型頻率間距很小，相鄰較高振型的頻率非常接近,就要考慮不同振型間的相關(guān)性，還有扭轉(zhuǎn)分量的影響,不一</p><p>　　(3)動(dòng)力理論階段: 隨著對(duì)地震動(dòng)認(rèn)識(shí)和理解的加深，認(rèn)識(shí)到反應(yīng)譜的一些不足，如:對(duì)地震動(dòng)的影響考慮不周，加上計(jì)算機(jī)性能的提高，

51、使得動(dòng)力法逐漸發(fā)展起來，它的本質(zhì)是直接求解動(dòng)力方程，但是由于地震時(shí)地面運(yùn)動(dòng)加速度極不規(guī)則，對(duì)于微分方程無法求出它的閉合解，因此多采用數(shù)值積分法。常用的方法是對(duì)記錄的地震波進(jìn)行連續(xù)分段處理，每段的數(shù)據(jù)都看做不變的，然后作用到結(jié)構(gòu)上，通過動(dòng)力平衡方程來求得此刻的加速度、速度、位移反應(yīng)，接著與前一段的加速度、速度、位移進(jìn)行疊加，把疊加的結(jié)果作為下一時(shí)段的初始數(shù)據(jù)，依此類推，最終求得結(jié)構(gòu)的加速度、速度和位移動(dòng)力反應(yīng)變化過程。</p>

52、<p>　　(4)在1994年美國Northridge地震和1995年日本Kobe地震后，美日學(xué)者又提出了基于性態(tài)的抗震設(shè)計(jì)方法，基于性態(tài)的基本思想，就是使建筑結(jié)構(gòu)在使用期間滿足各種使用功能的要求。它與傳統(tǒng)基于力的設(shè)計(jì)方法不同，對(duì)于結(jié)構(gòu)性能主要是基于位移準(zhǔn)則，用不同的位移指標(biāo)對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)性能進(jìn)行不同的控制。但是由于大地震作用下結(jié)構(gòu)的非彈性變形很難準(zhǔn)確估計(jì)，使得基于性態(tài)的設(shè)計(jì)方法只能停留在理論上。但提出它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)至少有兩點(diǎn)：<

53、/p><p>　　a. 強(qiáng)調(diào)地震工程的系統(tǒng)性和社會(huì)性；</p><p>　　b. 認(rèn)識(shí)到原有抗震設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范的部分不合理性。</p><p>　　作為基于性能抗震設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)，應(yīng)該對(duì)某一具有統(tǒng)計(jì)意義的特定水平地震作用下的結(jié)構(gòu)位移，速度和加速度進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的評(píng)估，還應(yīng)該有一個(gè)合理的評(píng)估方法和工具。正是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)，提出和發(fā)展了Pushover方法和能力譜方法。Pushover方法的基本

54、思路是采用靜力加載，假定某一分布形式的側(cè)向荷載作用在結(jié)構(gòu)上，逐漸加載直到達(dá)到結(jié)構(gòu)控制點(diǎn)目標(biāo)位移或結(jié)構(gòu)破壞，從而得到控制點(diǎn)的水平側(cè)移與基底剪力關(guān)系曲線，用以評(píng)估結(jié)構(gòu)的抗震性能。Pushover方法在于側(cè)向力的分布形式和彈塑性反應(yīng)譜目標(biāo)位移的確定。</p><p>　　2．框架結(jié)構(gòu)抗震設(shè)計(jì)的基本思路——延性準(zhǔn)則</p><p>　　在彈性反應(yīng)譜提出之后，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)計(jì)算出的結(jié)構(gòu)反應(yīng)與實(shí)際地震時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)

55、的破壞現(xiàn)象有一定的矛盾，主要是按彈性反應(yīng)譜算得的結(jié)構(gòu)反應(yīng)加速度為當(dāng)時(shí)習(xí)慣性設(shè)計(jì)地震力的取值大好幾倍，而且按照習(xí)慣性取定的設(shè)計(jì)地震力作用下設(shè)計(jì)的房屋結(jié)構(gòu)，在地震中結(jié)構(gòu)體系的損傷并不嚴(yán)重。上世紀(jì)60年代，Newmark通過對(duì)不同周期的初始剛度相同的單自由度體系在多波輸入的條件下進(jìn)行了分析，提出了等位移原理和等能量原理，并提出了結(jié)構(gòu)延性的概念。其后，又深入地研究了單自由體系的屈服水準(zhǔn)與彈性自振周期以及結(jié)構(gòu)最大非彈性動(dòng)力反應(yīng)之間的關(guān)系，這就是習(xí)

56、慣上所說的R-μ-T效應(yīng)的理論。通過這些研究，揭示了延性能力和塑性耗能是結(jié)構(gòu)在取用屈服水準(zhǔn)不高的情況下，在大地震作用下結(jié)構(gòu)不發(fā)生嚴(yán)重破壞和不倒塌的保證。到這里，關(guān)于設(shè)計(jì)地震力取值大小的基本問題就得到了解決，就是抗震時(shí)地震力取值的大小不是一個(gè)確定的數(shù)值，是于結(jié)構(gòu)延性性能和耗能機(jī)制相關(guān)的量值。這里需要說明的是，設(shè)計(jì)地震力取值僅僅解決了一個(gè)方面的問題，而對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)延性性能保障方面的措施還必須得以保證，這將在下面一節(jié)討論。</p>&

57、lt;p>　　目前，世界各國的抗震規(guī)范幾乎都采用這樣一種思路：采用按可遇地震的強(qiáng)弱劃分地震分區(qū)；根據(jù)各地區(qū)的歷史發(fā)生地震的統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果或?qū)Φ刭|(zhì)構(gòu)造的歷史考察給出具有明確統(tǒng)計(jì)含義的設(shè)防水準(zhǔn)地面運(yùn)動(dòng)峰值加速度；再利用加速度反應(yīng)譜給出不同周期下結(jié)構(gòu)的反應(yīng)加速度；通過地震力調(diào)整系數(shù)R得到設(shè)計(jì)用加速度水準(zhǔn)。同時(shí)，多數(shù)國家都認(rèn)同這樣的觀點(diǎn)，設(shè)防烈度水準(zhǔn)可以取用不同的值，選用越高的設(shè)防烈度水準(zhǔn)，結(jié)構(gòu)的延性要求也就越低，選用越低的設(shè)防烈度水準(zhǔn)，結(jié)構(gòu)的

58、延性要求就越高。結(jié)構(gòu)延性保障的先決條件是構(gòu)件的延性，在采用一系列措施保障構(gòu)件延性的基礎(chǔ)上，再通過有效合理的連接，同時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)體系選擇合理，剛度分布合理的條件下就能基本保證結(jié)構(gòu)的延性。</p><p>　　下面這種談?wù)勎覈拐鹨?guī)范的大致思路，現(xiàn)行的中國規(guī)范沒有采用多種設(shè)防烈度水準(zhǔn)的取用，而不加區(qū)分的統(tǒng)一采用的地震力調(diào)整系數(shù)R=1/0.35；同時(shí)，大致根據(jù)設(shè)防烈度的不同，劃分不同的抗震等級(jí)，在于不同的設(shè)防烈度，采用不同的

59、保證延性的抗震措施。存在一個(gè)概念的誤解，也就是按照R-μ-T效應(yīng)的理論，同樣是地震力調(diào)整系數(shù)R=1/0.35，對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該給予同樣的延性保障措施，而我國規(guī)范卻采用了不同延性保障措施，隨著抗震等級(jí)的提高，延性保障能力相應(yīng)加強(qiáng)。這種做法的有效性正在進(jìn)行非線性動(dòng)力反應(yīng)的驗(yàn)證，大致結(jié)果可以這樣描述：對(duì)于8度0.3g和9度0.4g的區(qū)域，由于相應(yīng)的抗震等級(jí)比較高，保障延性的措施也比較強(qiáng)，所以一般比較安全；而對(duì)于6度0.05g和7度0.1g 的區(qū)域，

60、由此所得到的水平地震效應(yīng)偏小，一般荷載組合是由重力荷載起控制作用，雖然對(duì)應(yīng)的保障延性的措施不是很強(qiáng)，一般也能夠保障結(jié)構(gòu)在大震下的非彈性變形的性能；但對(duì)7度0.15g和8度0.2g的區(qū)域，情況就不同了，因?yàn)樵诤奢d組合時(shí)，地震作用一般能起到控制作用，而相應(yīng)保障延性的措施又偏弱，這樣就難免存在一定的安全隱患?？纯雌渌麌业卣鹆φ{(diào)整系數(shù)R的選用，使有</p><p>　　各國規(guī)范規(guī)定的地震力調(diào)整系數(shù)</p>

61、<p><b>　　3．能力設(shè)計(jì)</b></p><p>　　上面一個(gè)部分討論設(shè)計(jì)地震力取值的問題，但要保證結(jié)構(gòu)在大地震作用下的性能，還需要有效的抗震措施，使結(jié)構(gòu)確實(shí)具備所需要的保持豎向承載力條件下非彈性變形能力，這就是所謂的能力設(shè)計(jì)法。能力設(shè)計(jì)法由新西蘭鋼筋混凝土抗震專家T. Parlay和R. Park等學(xué)者發(fā)展和倡導(dǎo)，主要思路是對(duì)構(gòu)件間或構(gòu)件內(nèi)不同受力形式間的承載能力差的控

62、制，保證鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)形成梁鉸機(jī)構(gòu)和延性較大的正截面受力破壞形態(tài)，使結(jié)構(gòu)具有足夠的彈塑性變形性能，保證大地震時(shí)具有足夠的能力耗散性能，避免產(chǎn)生脆性破壞和出現(xiàn)不利的機(jī)構(gòu)形式。能力設(shè)計(jì)法的關(guān)鍵是將控制概念引入結(jié)構(gòu)的抗震設(shè)計(jì)，有目的形成對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)有利的破壞機(jī)制和破壞模式，避免不合理的結(jié)構(gòu)破壞形態(tài)，并設(shè)法保證預(yù)計(jì)破壞部位的彈塑性變形能力。能力設(shè)計(jì)法主要通過以下三種措施給予保證：</p><p>　　1. 增大柱相對(duì)于梁的抗彎

63、能力，人為的引導(dǎo)結(jié)構(gòu)的出鉸部位。</p><p>　　2. 提高相對(duì)正截面承載力的抗剪能力，避免出現(xiàn)非延性的剪切破壞。</p><p>　　3. 對(duì)有可能出現(xiàn)塑性鉸的部位，采用相應(yīng)的構(gòu)造措施，保證必要的非</p><p><b>　　彈性變形性能。</b></p><p>　　首先對(duì)鉸接的合理部位進(jìn)行討論，各國大致的思路

64、差不多，都偏向于使梁端先于柱端出現(xiàn)的方案。這種出鉸方案有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn)：梁的延性易于控制，且一般情況下比柱的延性大；梁鉸接比柱鉸接形成的整體塑性變形?。涣恒q接機(jī)構(gòu)形成的塑性變形比較穩(wěn)定。在承認(rèn)優(yōu)先形成梁鉸接的前提下，還有兩種不同的設(shè)計(jì)方法，一種是由新西蘭為代表的，傾向于形成理想的梁鉸接機(jī)構(gòu)，就是保證梁端出現(xiàn)塑性鉸，而柱子除底層外，均不出現(xiàn)塑性鉸，對(duì)除底層柱外給柱子相對(duì)于梁比較大的超強(qiáng)系數(shù)（大概2.0），好處是柱子（除底層外）不需要進(jìn)行復(fù)雜的配

65、箍，因?yàn)椴捎眠@樣的系數(shù)能保證出鉸接很明確。但正是由于這種設(shè)計(jì)方法追求理想的梁餃接機(jī)構(gòu)導(dǎo)致底層柱子相對(duì)較弱，就有出鉸接的可能，相應(yīng)就必須采用構(gòu)造措施保證這個(gè)部位的塑性變形性能。同時(shí)，如果底層出鉸結(jié)對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響就會(huì)較大，一旦壓壞可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致結(jié)構(gòu)的整體倒塌，這就必須從構(gòu)造上給予保障，增加了構(gòu)造的難度。另一種方案包括美國、歐共體、中國等，這種方案引導(dǎo)結(jié)構(gòu)柱鉸接晚于梁鉸接出現(xiàn)，同時(shí)可不限制鉸的出現(xiàn)，但要求結(jié)構(gòu)不形成層側(cè)移結(jié)構(gòu)，這時(shí)對(duì)柱子的超配系數(shù)比

66、起新西蘭要求的要小（大概1.4），同時(shí)對(duì)柱子采用配箍筋加以約束的方案。其實(shí)對(duì)</p><p>　　對(duì)以上抗剪機(jī)理的討論后，就可以梁柱箍筋的作用做如下總結(jié)：第一個(gè)顯而易見的作用是用于抗剪；第二個(gè)作用是約束混凝土，這對(duì)保障結(jié)構(gòu)延性起非常重要的作用，這里還可以隨便說一下高強(qiáng)混凝土用于抗震時(shí)所遇到的障礙，這首先和高強(qiáng)混凝土的材性相關(guān)，強(qiáng)度越高的混凝土就越脆，它的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變關(guān)系中達(dá)到最大壓應(yīng)力的應(yīng)變比較小，這就使得設(shè)計(jì)成延性