模具熱處理及其導(dǎo)向平行設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　機(jī)電工程學(xué)院</b></p><p>　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯</p><p>　　設(shè)計(jì)題目: 石英表墊片支架沖壓工藝分析及級進(jìn)模設(shè)計(jì) </p><p>　　譯文題目: 模具熱處理及其導(dǎo)向平行設(shè)計(jì)

2、 </p><p>　　學(xué)生姓名： 朱蘇維 </p><p>　　學(xué) 號： 201028050214 </p><p>　　專業(yè)班級： 機(jī)制升1002

3、 </p><p>　　指導(dǎo)教師： 董毅峰 </p><p>　　正文：外文資料譯文 附 件：外文資料原文 </p><p>　　模具熱處理及其導(dǎo)向平行設(shè)計(jì)</p><p><b>　　摘要：</b></p><p>

4、　　傳統(tǒng)模具設(shè)計(jì)中，存在很多缺點(diǎn)，這是眾所周知的，模具的熱處理是非常重要的。為了克服在熱處理過程中存在的不足之處熱處理過程中模具的并行設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)了新的思路。熱處理的CAD/CAE技術(shù)集成了并行環(huán)境和有關(guān)模型而建立的。這些調(diào)查與研究可以顯著提高效率，降低成本和確保產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量能達(dá)到R級和D級。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：模具設(shè)計(jì)、熱處理、模具</p><p>　　傳統(tǒng)的模具設(shè)計(jì)和模具制造，主要是

5、由來自于獲得的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)或部分實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)卻不是制造工藝。在設(shè)計(jì)完成之前，模具的設(shè)計(jì)方案一次又一次被修改，因此出現(xiàn)了很多問題，例如開發(fā)時(shí)間長、成本高、實(shí)際效果不顯著。由于對精度、使用壽命、開發(fā)周期、和成本的強(qiáng)烈最求，對現(xiàn)在模具要求的非常完美，因此更多更先進(jìn)的技術(shù)和創(chuàng)新已應(yīng)用，例如并行工程、敏捷制造、虛擬制造、協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)等。</p><p>　　模具熱處理與設(shè)計(jì)、制造、裝配等同樣重要，因?yàn)樗鼘δ＞咧圃臁⒀b配、和使用壽命影響

6、很大，模具的設(shè)計(jì)和制造發(fā)展迅速，但熱處理嚴(yán)重落后，隨著模具行業(yè)的發(fā)展，熱處理必須確保模具制造、組裝和耐磨性能要求的良好狀態(tài)，不恰當(dāng)?shù)臒崽幚砜梢杂绊懩＞吆湍＞咧圃?，如材料過硬或過軟。傳統(tǒng)的熱處理工藝是來自于設(shè)計(jì)者。</p><p>　　主要是由于模具設(shè)計(jì)者不能完全理解熱處理工藝和材料的性能，相反模具工藝師不能清楚模具的工作環(huán)境和設(shè)計(jì)思想，這就很可能造成模具工藝師和模具設(shè)計(jì)師的意見分歧。這些分歧在很大程度上影響模具的

7、進(jìn)度，因此，如果在早期設(shè)計(jì)階段考慮熱處理工藝設(shè)計(jì)縮短開發(fā)周期降低成本和穩(wěn)定質(zhì)量目標(biāo)將會實(shí)現(xiàn)，將實(shí)現(xiàn)從串行到并行模式的升華。</p><p>　　并行工程以計(jì)算機(jī)集成系統(tǒng)為載體，隨后在一開始的每個(gè)階段的因素都已被考慮到，如制造、熱處理、屬性等等，以避免錯誤，并行模式已經(jīng)摒除了串行模式的缺陷，由此帶來了一場對串行模式的革命。</p><p>　　在目前的研究中，熱處理已經(jīng)被考慮到模具的發(fā)展中，

8、系統(tǒng)和深入的研究也在進(jìn)行。</p><p>　　1.熱處理下的并行環(huán)境</p><p>　　并行模式和串行模式存在很大的不同(見圖1）。串行模式方面，設(shè)計(jì)者主要考慮模具的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能，但幾乎沒有考慮由此產(chǎn)生的工藝，因此前者的錯誤很容易傳播，然而設(shè)計(jì)部門卻很少與裝配、成本計(jì)算、銷售部門交流這些問題，嚴(yán)重影響著模具行業(yè)的發(fā)展和模具市場的拓寬，然而在并行模式中部門與部門之間的聯(lián)系是密切的，相關(guān)部門

9、都在模具的發(fā)展中起到了不同程度的作用，并且都與買家有著密切的交流。這種交流有助于消除部門之間的沖突，提高效率和降低成本。</p><p><b>　?。╝）</b></p><p><b>　　(b)</b></p><p>　　圖1基于摸具開發(fā)的串行工程與并行工程系統(tǒng)框架示意圖</p><p>　

10、　并行環(huán)境下的熱處理并不是在方案和工件設(shè)計(jì)出來之后而是在模具設(shè)計(jì)過程中進(jìn)行的，用這種方法，更有利于充分利用熱處理和材料的性能。</p><p>　　2、模具熱處理CAD/CAE的集成</p><p>　　從圖2可以看出熱處理的工藝設(shè)計(jì)和模擬是集成框架的核心。在信息輸入產(chǎn)品模塊中后，經(jīng)熱處理工藝過程產(chǎn)生的熱處理CAD和熱處理CAE模塊將對于零件圖，熱處理以后模擬溫度場的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)分析和可能出現(xiàn)

11、的缺陷（例如過熱，燒傷）自動劃分網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如果優(yōu)化是根據(jù)立體視覺技術(shù)的結(jié)果重新出現(xiàn)，則這項(xiàng)熱處理工藝已經(jīng)被審核。而且工具與夾具的CAD和CAE也集成于這種系統(tǒng)中</p><p>　　圖2.并行工程熱處理CAD/CAE一體化系統(tǒng)框架示意圖</p><p>　　基于集成框架的并行工程可以與其他并行模式共享信息，這樣可以是熱處理工藝得到優(yōu)化并使其他工藝更加準(zhǔn)確。</p><p&g

12、t;　　2.1 3D模式和立體視覺技術(shù)的熱處理</p><p>　　通過基于模具形狀的3D熱處理模式可以盡早的發(fā)現(xiàn)模具關(guān)于材料、結(jié)構(gòu)、形狀等存在的問題。模具熱處理中的熱處理?xiàng)l件和相變條件是符合實(shí)際的，因?yàn)榻?jīng)過計(jì)算的相變熱力、相變熱動力、相應(yīng)力、熱應(yīng)力、傳熱速度、流體動力等已經(jīng)有很大的突破性進(jìn)展。例如，能進(jìn)行局部復(fù)雜表面和不對稱模具的三維熱傳導(dǎo)模型計(jì)算，和能進(jìn)行微觀結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變的MARC軟件模型。計(jì)算機(jī)能夠在任何時(shí)間提

13、交溫度，微觀結(jié)構(gòu)和應(yīng)力的信息，并通過連接溫度場微觀結(jié)構(gòu)領(lǐng)域和力場來顯示三維模式的全部改變過程。如果再加上這種特性，則各部分性能都能通過計(jì)算機(jī)預(yù)見。</p><p>　　2.2 熱處理工藝設(shè)計(jì)</p><p>　　模具熱處理中由于對強(qiáng)度、硬度、表面粗糙度、模具熱處理變形的特殊要求，淬火介質(zhì)、淬火溫度、回火溫度等一系列的參數(shù)必須進(jìn)行正確的選擇。不論是否使用表面熱處理、或化學(xué)熱處理都必須明確的制

14、定下來。通過電腦完全確定下來這些參數(shù)是非常困難的，由于電腦技術(shù)近幾十年來發(fā)展迅猛，大型計(jì)算的困難已經(jīng)被克服。通過模擬和慎重思慮熱處理特性，熱處理的成本和周期通過優(yōu)化熱處理工藝并不在是一個(gè)難題。</p><p>　　2.3 熱處理數(shù)據(jù)庫</p><p>　　如下圖（3）所描述的熱處理數(shù)據(jù)庫 。熱處理數(shù)據(jù)庫是基于熱處理做出來的，通常，熱處理數(shù)據(jù)庫分為材料數(shù)據(jù)庫和工藝數(shù)據(jù)庫，通過材料和工藝預(yù)測性

15、能是一個(gè)必然的趨勢。建立性能數(shù)據(jù)庫盡管很難，但是通過一系列的測試建立性能數(shù)據(jù)庫也是必須的。材料數(shù)據(jù)庫包括材料牌號、化學(xué)成分、性能和國內(nèi)外同級別目錄表。材料數(shù)據(jù)庫包括材料牌號、化學(xué)成分、性能和國內(nèi)外同級別目錄表。工藝數(shù)據(jù)庫包括熱處理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、種類、保溫時(shí)間和冷卻溫度?；跀?shù)據(jù)庫，熱處理工藝可以通過推理規(guī)則創(chuàng)造出來</p><p><b>　　圖3熱處理數(shù)據(jù)庫</b></p><

16、p>　　2.4熱處理工具和設(shè)備</p><p>　　熱處理工藝被確定下之后，CAD\CAE工具設(shè)備系統(tǒng)就會把有關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)和制造信息傳遞給數(shù)控設(shè)備，通過快速模具成型，可靠的工具和夾具都被確定，整個(gè)程序通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸，沒有任何人為操作。</p><p><b>　　3 關(guān)鍵技術(shù)</b></p><p>　　3.1、溫度、應(yīng)力、微觀結(jié)構(gòu)、性能的聯(lián)系&

17、lt;/p><p>　　熱處理過程是溫度、微觀結(jié)構(gòu)、應(yīng)力相作用的過程，三個(gè)因素都能影響材料的性能（看圖4），在加熱和冷卻過程當(dāng)中，微觀結(jié)構(gòu)變化的時(shí)候熱應(yīng)力和變形就會出現(xiàn)，微觀結(jié)構(gòu)溫度相變和溫度微觀結(jié)構(gòu)和應(yīng)力性能相互作用。有關(guān)四種因素的相互作用的研究已經(jīng)取得了很大的成果，但是一般的數(shù)學(xué)模型還沒有建成。許多模型很適合測試，但還不能投入應(yīng)用，許多模型原有的難點(diǎn)在分析解決中已被處理，數(shù)值方式的運(yùn)用，導(dǎo)致了不準(zhǔn)確的計(jì)算出現(xiàn)。&

18、lt;/p><p>　　雖然如此，經(jīng)驗(yàn)分析與定性分析比較起來，通過計(jì)算機(jī)的熱處理還是有了很大的進(jìn)展。</p><p>　　圖4.熱處理工藝圖解</p><p>　　3.2 模型的建立和綜合</p><p>　　模具的發(fā)展過程包括設(shè)計(jì)、制造、裝配、熱處理、維護(hù)等等。他們都應(yīng)該有自己的數(shù)據(jù)庫和模型，他們都是通過自身的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系建立起模型，通過建立和完善

19、動態(tài)推理機(jī)制，優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)可以達(dá)到目的。產(chǎn)品模型和其他模型的聯(lián)系已被建立，若小模型改變那么產(chǎn)品模型就會改變。實(shí)際上它應(yīng)歸屬數(shù)據(jù)和模具的聯(lián)系，在熱處理模型融進(jìn)系統(tǒng)模型之后，他不再是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的單元而是和系統(tǒng)中其他單元相聯(lián)系著的，在搜查后，熱處理數(shù)據(jù)庫的計(jì)算和推理能力，熱處理程序都被幾何模型，模具制造模型和預(yù)算所限制，這是通行的。如果這種限制不服從，系統(tǒng)會發(fā)出解釋性的警告。所有的細(xì)小單元都通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)形式相聯(lián)系著的。</p><p

20、>　　3.3各個(gè)部分間的管理以及協(xié)調(diào)</p><p>　　復(fù)雜的模具要求各小組之間密切合作，因?yàn)槊總€(gè)成員都是模具發(fā)展的整個(gè)思考過程的細(xì)小部分的組合，他們都需要管理和協(xié)調(diào)。首先每個(gè)項(xiàng)目小組都應(yīng)該確定其本身的控制條件和資源要求，并且以防沖突必須得了解前后的工作程序。其次，要提出開發(fā)計(jì)劃和建立監(jiān)控機(jī)制。如果開發(fā)受到限制則可逐步排除。</p><p>　　敏捷管理和協(xié)調(diào)有助于交流信息，提高效

21、率和減少材料。同時(shí)這有利于激發(fā)人的創(chuàng)造力，消除阻礙和制定出最好的方法。</p><p><b>　　4、總結(jié)</b></p><p>　?。?）熱處理CAD/CAE已經(jīng)被融入模具的并行設(shè)計(jì)中同時(shí)熱處理已被制成表格，這樣可以提高效率，容易發(fā)現(xiàn)問題并解決問題。</p><p>　　(2) 模具的開發(fā)已經(jīng)在同一個(gè)平臺運(yùn)行，熱處理程序一旦制出，設(shè)計(jì)人員

22、就可以獲得相關(guān)信息，還可以把自己的相關(guān)信息轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)給其他同一個(gè)平臺的有關(guān)部門。</p><p>　?。?）制定出正確的發(fā)展規(guī)劃并及時(shí)的調(diào)整它能夠在很大程度上縮短開發(fā)周期和降低成本。</p><p>　　參考資料：李雄，張鴻冰，阮雪榆，羅中華，張艷.模具熱處理及其導(dǎo)向平行設(shè)計(jì)[J]. 鋼鐵研究學(xué)報(bào)英文版，2006，13（1）:40-43，74</p><p>　　Heat

23、 Treatment of Die and Mould Oriented Concurrent Design</p><p>　　Abstract: </p><p>　　Many disadvantages exist in the traditional die design method which belongs to serial pattern. It is well know

24、n that heat treatment is highly important to the dies. A new idea of concurrent design for heat treatment process of die and mould was developed in order to overcome the existent shortcomings of heat treatment process. H

25、eat treatment CAD/CAE was integrated with concurrentcircumstance and the relevant model was built. These investigations can remarkably improve efficiency, reduce cost and</p><p>　　Key words:die design; heat

26、treatment; mould</p><p>　　Traditional die and mould design,mainly by experience or semi—experience，is isolated from manufacturing process.Before the design is finalized，the scheme of die and mould is usually

27、 modified time and again，thus some disadvantages come into being,such as long development period,high cost and uncertain practical effect.Due to strong desires for precision,service life,development period and cost,moder

28、n die and mould should be designed and manufactured perfectly.Therefore more and more advanced tech</p><p>　　Heat treatment of die and mould is as important as design,manufacture and assembly because it has

29、a vital effect on manufacture，assembly and service life．Design and manufacture of die and mould have progressed rapidly，but heat treatment lagged seriously behind them．As die and mould industry develops，heat treatment mu

30、st ensure die and mould there are good state of manufacture，assembly and wear—resistant properties by request. Impertinent heat treatment can influence die and mould manufacturing su</p><p>　　Concurrent engi

31、neering takes computer integration system as a carrier,at the very start subsequent each stage and factors have been considered such as manufacturing，heat treating，properties and so forth in order to avoid the error．The

32、concurrent pattern has dismissed the defect of serial pattern,which bring about a revolution against serial pattern．</p><p>　　In the present work．the heat treatment was integrated into the concurrent circums

33、tance of the die and mould development，and the systemic and profound research was performed．</p><p>　　1 Heat Treatment Under Concurrent Circumstance</p><p>　　The concurrent pattern differs ulti

34、mately from the serial pattern(see Fig．1).With regard to serial pattern，the designers mostly consider the structure and function of die and mould，yet hardly consider the consequent process，so that the former mistakes are

35、 easily spread backwards．Meanwhile，the design department rarely communicates with the assembling，cost accounting and sales departments．These problems certainly will influence the development progress of die and mould and

36、 the market foreground．Wh</p><p>　　Heat treatment process in the concurrent circumstance is made out not after blueprint and workpiece taken but during die and mould designing．In this way，it is favorable to

37、optimizing the heat treatment process and making full use of the potential of the materials．</p><p>　　2 Integration of Heat Treatment CAD／CAE for Die and Mould</p><p>　　It can be seen from Fig．

38、2 that the process design and simulation of heat treatment are the core of integration frame．After information input via product design module and heat treatment process generated via heat treatment CAD and heat treatmen

39、t CAE module will automatically divide the mesh for parts drawing，simulation temperature field microstructure analysis after heat—treatment and the defect of possible emerging (such as overheat,over burning)，and then the

40、 heat treatment process is judged if</p><p>　　The concurrent engineering based integration frame can share information with other branch．That makes for optimizing the heat treatment process and ensuring the

41、process sound．</p><p>　　2.1 3-D model and stereoscopic vision technology for heat treatment</p><p>　　The problems about materials，structure and size for die and mould can be discovered as soon a

42、s possible by 3-D model for heat treatment based on the shape of die and mould．Modeling heating condition and phase transformation condition for die and mould during heat treatment are workable，because it has been broken

43、 through for the calculation of phase transformation thermodynamics，phase transformation kinetics，phase stress,thermal stress，heat transfer，hydrokinetics etc．For example，3-D heat—conducti</p><p>　　2.2 Heat t

44、reatment process design</p><p>　　Due to the special requests for strength，hardness，surface roughness and distortion during heat treatment for die and mould，the parameters including quenching medium type，quen

45、ching temperature and tempering temperature and time，must be properly selected，and whether using surface quenching or chemical heat treatment the parameters must be rightly determined．It is difficult to determine the par

46、ameters by computer fully．Since computer technology develops quickly in recent decades,the difficulty with</p><p>　　2.3 Data base for heat treatment</p><p>　　A heat treatment database is describ

47、ed in Fig．3．The database is the foundation of making out heat treatment process．Generally，heat treatment database is divided into materials database and process database．It is an inexorable trend to predict the property

48、by materials and process．Although it is difficult to establish a property database，it is necessary to establish the database by a series of tests．The materials database includes steel grades,chemical compositions，propert

49、ies and home and abroad </p><p>　　2.4 Tool and equipment for heat treatment</p><p>　　After heat treatment process is determined，tool and equipment CAD／CAE system transfers the information about

50、design and manufacture to the numerical control device．Through rapid tooling prototype，the reliability of tool and the clamping apparatus can be judged．The whole procedure is transferred by network，in which there is no m

51、an—made interference．</p><p>　　3 Key Technique</p><p>　　3.1 Coupling of temperature，microstructure，stress and property</p><p>　　Heat treatment procedure is a procedure of temperatur

52、e-microstructure—stress interaction．The three factors can all influence the property (see Fig．4)．During heating and cooling，hot stress and transformation will come into being when microstructure changes.Transformation te

53、mperature-microstructure and temperature—microstructure—and stress-property interact on each other．Research on the interaction of the four factors has been greatly developed,but the universal mathematic model has not bee

54、n built</p><p>　　Even so，comparing experience method with qualitative analysis，heat treatment simulation by computer makes great progress．</p><p>　　3.2 Establishment and integration of models<

55、;/p><p>　　The development procedure for die and mould involves design,manufacture，heat treatment，assembly，maintenance and so on．They should have own database and mode1．They are in series with each other by the

56、entity—relation model．Through establishing and employing dynamic inference mechanism ，the aim of optimizing design can be achieved．The relation between product model and other models was built．The product model will chan

57、ge in case the cell model changes．In fact，it belongs to the relation of data wit</p><p>　　All design cells are connected by communication network．</p><p>　　3.3 Management and harmony among membe

58、rs</p><p>　　The complexity of die and mould requires closely cooperating among item groups．Because each member is short of global consideration for die and mould development，they need to be managed and harmo

59、nized．Firstly,each item group should define its own control condition and resource requested,and learn of the request of up-and-down working procedure in order to avoid conflict．Secondly，development plan should be made o

60、ut and monitor mechanism should be established．The obstruction can be duly excluded i</p><p>　　Agile management and harmony redound to communicating information， increasing efficiency，and reducing redundancy

61、．Meanwhile it is beneficial for exciting creativity，clearing conflict and making the best of resource．</p><p>　　4 Conclusions</p><p>　　(1) Heat treatment CAD／CAE has been integrated into concurr

62、ent design for die and mould and heat treatment is graphed,which can increase efficiency，easily discover problems and clear conflicts．</p><p>　　(2) Die and mould development is performed on the same platform

63、．When the heat treatment process is made out，designers can obtain correlative information and transfer self-information to other design departments on the platform．</p><p>　　(3) Making out correct developmen

64、t schedule and adjusting it in time can enormously shorten the development period and reduce cost．</p><p>　　References：</p><p>　　[1] ZHOU Xiong-hui，PENG Ying-hong．The Theory and Technique of Mod

65、ern Die and Mould Design and Manufacture[M]．Shanghai：Shanghai Jiaotong University Press 2000(in Chinese)．</p><p>　　[2] Kang M，Park& Computer Integrated Mold Manufacturing[J]．Int J Computer Integrated Man

66、ufacturing，1995，5：229-239．</p><p>　　[3] Yau H T，Meno C H．Concurrent Process Planning for Finishing Milling and Dimensional Inspection of Sculptured Surface in Die and Mould Manufacturing[J]．Int J Product Res

67、earch，1993，31(11)：2709—2725．</p><p>　　[4] LI Xiang，ZHOU Xiong-hui，RUAN Xue-yu．Application of Injection Mold Collaborative Manufacturing System [J]．JournaI of Shanghai Jiaotong University，2000，35(4)：1391-1394

68、．</p><p>　　[5] Kuzman K，Nardin B，Kovae M ,et a1．The Integration of Rapid Prototyping and CAE in Mould Manufacturing [J]．J Materials Processing Technology，2001，111：279—285．</p><p>　　[6] LI Xiong，