電力系統(tǒng)自動化外文翻譯資料

1、<p><b>　　外文資料翻譯</b></p><p>　　Power System Automation</p><p>　　Power system integration is the act of communication data to, or among IED s in the I&C system and remote users

2、. Substation integration refers to combining data from the IED′s local to a substation so that there is a single point of contact in the substation for all of the I&C data. Poletop devices often communicate to the su

3、bstation via wireless or fiber connections. Remote and local substation and feeder control is passed through the substation controller acting as a single point of contact. S</p><p>　　Power system automation

4、is the act of automatically controlling the power system via I&C devices. Substation automation refers to using IED data, control and automation capabilities within the substation, and control commands from remote us

5、ers to control power system devices. Since true substation automation relies on substation integration, the terms are often used interchangeably.</p><p>　　Power system automation includes processes associate

6、d with generation and delivery of power. A subset of the process deal with delivery of power at transmission and distribution levels, which is power delivery automation. Together, monitoring and control of power delivery

7、 system in the substation and on the poletop reduce the occurrence of outages and shorten the duration of outages that do occur. The IED′s, communications protocols, and communications methods described in previous secti

8、ons, wor</p><p>　　Though each utility is unique, most consider power delivery automation of transmission and distribution substation and feeders to include :</p><p>　　Supervisory Control and Dat

9、a Acquisition(SCADA)-operator supervision and control;</p><p>　　Distribution Automation-fault location, auto-isolation, auto-sectionalizing, and auto-restoration;</p><p>　　Substation Automation-

10、breaker failure, reclosing, battery monitoring, dead substation transfer, and substation load transfer;</p><p>　　Energy Management System (EMS)-load flow, VAR and voltage monitoring and control, generation c

11、ontrol, transformer and feeder load balancing;</p><p>　　Fault analysis and device maintenance.</p><p>　　System without automated control still have the advantages of remote monitoring and operat

12、or control of power system devices, which includes:</p><p>　　Remote monitoring and control of circuit breakers and automated switches;</p><p>　　Remote monitoring of non-automated switches and fu

13、ses;</p><p>　　Remote monitoring and control of capacitor banks;</p><p>　　Remote monitoring and voltage control;</p><p>　　Remote power quality monitoring and control.</p><

14、p>　　IED s described in the overview are used to perform power system integration and automation. Most designs require that the one IED act as the substation controller and perform data acquisition and control of the o

15、ther IED s. The substation controllers is often called upon to support system automation tasks as well. The communications industry uses the term client/server for a device that acts as a master, or client, retrieving da

16、ta from some devices and then acts as a slaver, a server, sending t</p><p>　　A substation archive client/server collects and archives data from several devices. The archive data is retrieved when it is conve

17、nient for the user to do so.</p><p>　　The age of the IED s now in substations varies widely. Many of these IED s are still useful but lack the most recent protocols. A communications processor that can commu

18、nicate with each IED via a unique baud rate and protocol extends the time that each IED is useful. Using a communications processor for substation integration also easily accommodates future IED s. It is rare for all exi

19、sting IED s to be discarded during a substation integration upgrade project.</p><p>　　The benefits of monitoring, remote control, and automation of power delivery include improved employee and public safety,

20、 and deferment of the cost of purchasing new equipment. Also, reduced operation and maintenance costs are realized through improved use of existing facilities and optimized performance of the power system through reduced

21、 losses associated with outages and improved voltage profile. Collection of information can result in better planning and system design, and increased customer</p><p>　　Power system automation includes a var

22、iety of equipment. The principal items are listed and briefly described below.</p><p>　　Instrument transformers are used to sense power system current and voltage. They are physically connected to power syst

23、em apparatus and convert the actual power system signals, which includes high voltage and current magnitudes, down to lower signal levels.</p><p>　　Transducers convert the analog output of an instrument tran

24、sformer from one magnitude to another or from one value type to another, such as from an ac current to dc voltage.</p><p>　　As the name implies, a remote terminal device, RTU, is an IED that can be installed

25、 in a remote location, and acts as a termination point for filed contacts. A dedicated pair of copper conductors are used to sense every contract and transducer value. These conductors originated at the power system devi

26、ce, are installed in trenches or overhead cable trays, and are then terminated on panels within the RTU. The RTU can transfer collected data to other devices and receive data and control commands f</p><p>　　

27、A communication switch is a device that switches between several serial ports when it is told to do so. The remote user initiates communications with the port switch via a connection to the substation , typically a lease

28、d line or dial-up telephone connection. Once connected, the user can route their communication through the port switch to one of the connected substation IEDs. The port switch merely “passes through” the IED communicatio

29、n.</p><p>　　A meter is an IED that is used to create accurate measurement of power system current, voltage, and power values. Metering values such as demand and peak are saved within the meter to create hist

30、orical information about the activity of the power system.</p><p>　　A digital fault recorder ,is an IED that records information about power system disturbances. It is capable of storing data in digital form

31、at when triggered by conditions detected on the power system. Harmonics, frequency, and voltage are examples of data captured by DFRs.</p><p>　　Load tap changer are devices used to change the tap position on

32、 transformers. These devices work automatically or can be controlled via another local IED or form a remote operator or process.</p><p>　　Recloser controllers remotely control the operation of automated recl

33、osers and switches. These devices monitor and store power system conditions and determine when to perform control actions. They also accept commands form a remote operator or process. </p><p><b>　　電

34、力系統(tǒng)自動化</b></p><p>　　電力系統(tǒng)集成是在I&C系統(tǒng)中的IED和遠程用戶之間進行數據通信的操作。變電站集成指的是將局部和整個變電站的IED數據進行合成，對于變電站內所有I&C數據，只有一個單一聯(lián)系點。桿頂設備通常通過無線或光纖連接與變電站進行通信。遠程、本地變電站和饋線控制像單一聯(lián)系點一樣通過變電站控制器。一些系統(tǒng)用直接連接與RTU，保護繼電器和控制器等桿頂設備進行旁路

35、連接。</p><p>　　電力系統(tǒng)自動化是通過I&C設備自動控制電力系統(tǒng)的行為。變電站自動化指的是使用IED數據、變電站內部的調節(jié)和自動控制能力和來自遠程用戶的控制命令去控制電力系統(tǒng)設備。由于真正的變電站自動化依賴于變電站集成，這兩個術語通?；ビ?。電力系統(tǒng)自動化涵蓋電力生產和發(fā)送的各個環(huán)節(jié)。其中一些環(huán)節(jié)涉及電力傳輸和分配的各個級別，即電力輸送自動化。對于變電站和桿頂電力輸送系統(tǒng)的監(jiān)控能減少斷電的發(fā)生，縮

36、短斷電時間。IED、通信協(xié)議和前面描述的通信方法作為一個系統(tǒng)協(xié)同工作，實現(xiàn)電力系統(tǒng)自動化。</p><p>　　盡管各個公共部門不同，但大多數認為電力輸送自動化，配電變電站和饋電線路應包括：監(jiān)控和數據采集—操作員監(jiān)視和控制，配電自動化—故障定位，自動隔離，自動分段，自恢復供電，變電站自動化—斷路器故障（失靈），自動重合閘，電池監(jiān)視，故障變電站轉移和變電站負荷轉移，能源管理系統(tǒng)—潮流，無功和電壓監(jiān)控，發(fā)電控制，變壓

37、器和饋電線路負荷平衡，故障分析和設備維護。沒有自動控制的系統(tǒng)仍然具有遠程監(jiān)視和操作員控制電力系統(tǒng)設備的優(yōu)點，包括:遠程監(jiān)控斷路器和自動開關遠程監(jiān)視非自動開關和熔絲遠程監(jiān)控電容組合遠程監(jiān)視和電壓控制遠程電力質量監(jiān)控</p><p>　　前面描述的IED用來執(zhí)行電力系統(tǒng)集成和自動化。很多設計要求一個IED扮演變電站控制器的角色，執(zhí)行數據采集和控制其它IED的功能。變電站控制器也要求支持系統(tǒng)自動化任務。通信行業(yè)對設備使

38、用術語客戶/服務器，主設備或客戶從其它設備得到數據，從設備或服務器向其它設備發(fā)送數據客戶端/服務器動態(tài)地收發(fā)數據。數據集中器通過收集，集中來自其它設備的動態(tài)數據創(chuàng)建變電站數據庫。在這種方式下，來自每個IED的重要數據子集通過一次數據轉移發(fā)送給主設備。數據集中器數據庫用于間接連接的IED之間的數據傳輸。變電站檔案客戶端/服務器從幾個設備收集、存儲數據。存檔數據可以方便供用戶檢索?，F(xiàn)在變電站的IED壽命差別很大。大多數IED仍然有用但是缺少

39、最新的協(xié)議。通過特定波特率和協(xié)議與IED通信，通信處理機可以延長每個IED的可用時間。使用通信處理機進行變電站集成可以很容易地適應未來的IED。在變電站升級工程中，棄用所有現(xiàn)存的IED是很少見的。</p><p>　　電力傳輸的監(jiān)視，遠程控制和自動化的優(yōu)點包括提高員工和公眾安全，推遲購買新設備的花銷。同時，運行和維護成本的降低得益于現(xiàn)存設備的使用，通過降低斷電造成的損失優(yōu)化電力系統(tǒng)性能，提高電壓分布。信息的收集可

40、以用于進行更好的計劃和協(xié)調設計，日益增加的客戶滿意度源自改善的響應性、服務可靠性和供電質量的提高。</p><p>　　電力系統(tǒng)自動化包括很多設備。下面列出主要設備并進行簡單描述。</p><p>　　儀表（用）互感器用來檢測電力系統(tǒng)電流和電壓值。它們和電力系統(tǒng)設備連接在一起，把實際的電力系統(tǒng)信號，包括高電壓，電流幅值，轉換為小信號水平。</p><p>　　變換器

41、把儀表（用）互感器輸出的模擬信號從一種幅值變換到另一種，或者從一種類型變換到另一種，如把交流電流信號轉換位直流電壓信號。</p><p>　　遠程終端設備，是安裝在遠端，操作起來像終端點控制現(xiàn)場觸點一樣的IED。特意安排的一對銅導線用來檢測每個觸點和變換器的值。這些導體引自電力系統(tǒng)設備，安裝在電纜溝或架空電纜盤中，終端連與RTU的面板。RTU可以通過串口把采集到的數據傳送給其它設備，并接收來自其它設備的數據和命令

42、。用戶可編程RTU指的是智能RTU。</p><p>　　通信交換機是能按照要求在不同串行口之間轉換的設備。遠程用戶通常用租用線路，或者電話撥號與變電站建立連接，并用端口交換機進行通信。一旦建立鏈接，用戶可以通過端口交換機與連接的變電站IED進行通信。端口交換機只不過是IED通信的通道。</p><p>　　儀表是用來對電力系統(tǒng)電流、電壓和功率進行精確測量的IED。測量值（如需求量和峰值）

43、可以保存在儀表中，用于創(chuàng)建電力系統(tǒng)運行的歷史信息。</p><p>　　數字故障記錄儀，是記錄電力系統(tǒng)干擾信息的IED。當檢測到電力系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)情況時，它能以數字形式存儲數據。諧波、頻率和電壓都是能被DRF捕捉到的例子。</p><p>　　負載抽頭開關轉換器是用來改變變壓器抽頭位置的裝置。這些設備可以自動工作，或者受控于現(xiàn)場IED或者遠程操作人員或過程。</p><p&g