電氣專(zhuān)業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯---電力系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)化

1、<p><b>　　外文資料翻譯</b></p><p>　　Power System Automation</p><p>　　Power system integration is the act of communication data to, or among IED s in the I&C system and remote users

2、. Substation integration refers to combining data from the IED′s local to a substation so that there is a single point of contact in the substation for all of the I&C data. Poletop devices often communicate to the su

3、bstation via wireless or fiber connections. Remote and local substation and feeder control is passed through the substation controller acting as a single point of contact. S</p><p>　　Power system automation

4、is the act of automatically controlling the power system via I&C devices. Substation automation refers to using IED data, control and automation capabilities within the substation, and control commands from remote us

5、ers to control power system devices. Since true substation automation relies on substation integration, the terms are often used interchangeably.</p><p>　　Power system automation includes processes associate

6、d with generation and delivery of power. A subset of the process deal with delivery of power at transmission and distribution levels, which is power delivery automation. Together, monitoring and control of power delivery

7、 system in the substation and on the poletop reduce the occurrence of outages and shorten the duration of outages that do occur. The IED′s, communications protocols, and communications methods described in previous secti

8、ons, wor</p><p>　　Though each utility is unique, most consider power delivery automation of transmission and distribution substation and feeders to include :</p><p>　　Supervisory Control and Dat

9、a Acquisition(SCADA)-operator supervision and control;</p><p>　　Distribution Automation-fault location, auto-isolation, auto-sectionalizing, and auto-restoration;</p><p>　　Substation Automation-

10、breaker failure, reclosing, battery monitoring, dead substation transfer, and substation load transfer;</p><p>　　Energy Management System (EMS)-load flow, VAR and voltage monitoring and control, generation c

11、ontrol, transformer and feeder load balancing;</p><p>　　Fault analysis and device maintenance.</p><p>　　System without automated control still have the advantages of remote monitoring and operat

12、or control of power system devices, which includes:</p><p>　　Remote monitoring and control of circuit breakers and automated switches;</p><p>　　Remote monitoring of non-automated switches and fu

13、ses;</p><p>　　Remote monitoring and control of capacitor banks;</p><p>　　Remote monitoring and voltage control;</p><p>　　Remote power quality monitoring and control.</p><

14、p>　　IED s described in the overview are used to perform power system integration and automation. Most designs require that the one IED act as the substation controller and perform data acquisition and control of the o

15、ther IED s. The substation controllers is often called upon to support system automation tasks as well. The communications industry uses the term client/server for a device that acts as a master, or client, retrieving da

16、ta from some devices and then acts as a slaver, a server, sending t</p><p>　　A substation archive client/server collects and archives data from several devices. The archive data is retrieved when it is conve

17、nient for the user to do so.</p><p>　　The age of the IED s now in substations varies widely. Many of these IED s are still useful but lack the most recent protocols. A communications processor that can commu

18、nicate with each IED via a unique baud rate and protocol extends the time that each IED is useful. Using a communications processor for substation integration also easily accommodates future IED s. It is rare for all exi

19、sting IED s to be discarded during a substation integration upgrade project.</p><p>　　The benefits of monitoring, remote control, and automation of power delivery include improved employee and public safety,

20、 and deferment of the cost of purchasing new equipment. Also, reduced operation and maintenance costs are realized through improved use of existing facilities and optimized performance of the power system through reduced

21、 losses associated with outages and improved voltage profile. Collection of information can result in better planning and system design, and increased customer</p><p>　　Power system automation includes a var

22、iety of equipment. The principal items are listed and briefly described below.</p><p>　　Instrument transformers are used to sense power system current and voltage. They are physically connected to power syst

23、em apparatus and convert the actual power system signals, which includes high voltage and current magnitudes, down to lower signal levels.</p><p>　　Transducers convert the analog output of an instrument tran

24、sformer from one magnitude to another or from one value type to another, such as from an ac current to dc voltage.</p><p>　　As the name implies, a remote terminal device, RTU, is an IED that can be installed

25、 in a remote location, and acts as a termination point for filed contacts. A dedicated pair of copper conductors are used to sense every contract and transducer value. These conductors originated at the power system devi

26、ce, are installed in trenches or overhead cable trays, and are then terminated on panels within the RTU. The RTU can transfer collected data to other devices and receive data and control commands f</p><p>　　

27、A communication switch is a device that switches between several serial ports when it is told to do so. The remote user initiates communications with the port switch via a connection to the substation , typically a lease

28、d line or dial-up telephone connection. Once connected, the user can route their communication through the port switch to one of the connected substation IEDs. The port switch merely “passes through” the IED communicatio

29、n.</p><p>　　A meter is an IED that is used to create accurate measurement of power system current, voltage, and power values. Metering values such as demand and peak are saved within the meter to create hist

30、orical information about the activity of the power system.</p><p>　　A digital fault recorder ,is an IED that records information about power system disturbances. It is capable of storing data in digital form

31、at when triggered by conditions detected on the power system. Harmonics, frequency, and voltage are examples of data captured by DFRs.</p><p>　　Load tap changer are devices used to change the tap position on

32、 transformers. These devices work automatically or can be controlled via another local IED or form a remote operator or process.</p><p>　　Recloser controllers remotely control the operation of automated recl

33、osers and switches. These devices monitor and store power system conditions and determine when to perform control actions. They also accept commands form a remote operator or process. </p><p><b>　　電

34、力系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)化</b></p><p>　　電力系統(tǒng)集成是在I&C系統(tǒng)中的IED和遠(yuǎn)程用戶(hù)之間進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)通信的操作。變電站集成指的是將局部和整個(gè)變電站的IED數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行合成，對(duì)于變電站內(nèi)所有I&C數(shù)據(jù)，只有一個(gè)單一聯(lián)系點(diǎn)。桿頂設(shè)備通常通過(guò)無(wú)線(xiàn)或光纖連接與變電站進(jìn)行通信。遠(yuǎn)程、本地變電站和饋線(xiàn)控制像單一聯(lián)系點(diǎn)一樣通過(guò)變電站控制器。一些系統(tǒng)用直接連接與RTU，保護(hù)繼電器和控制器等桿頂設(shè)備進(jìn)行旁路

35、連接。</p><p>　　電力系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)化是通過(guò)I&C設(shè)備自動(dòng)控制電力系統(tǒng)的行為。變電站自動(dòng)化指的是使用IED數(shù)據(jù)、變電站內(nèi)部的調(diào)節(jié)和自動(dòng)控制能力和來(lái)自遠(yuǎn)程用戶(hù)的控制命令去控制電力系統(tǒng)設(shè)備。由于真正的變電站自動(dòng)化依賴(lài)于變電站集成，這兩個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)通?；ビ谩ｋ娏ο到y(tǒng)自動(dòng)化涵蓋電力生產(chǎn)和發(fā)送的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。其中一些環(huán)節(jié)涉及電力傳輸和分配的各個(gè)級(jí)別，即電力輸送自動(dòng)化。對(duì)于變電站和桿頂電力輸送系統(tǒng)的監(jiān)控能減少斷電的發(fā)生，縮

36、短斷電時(shí)間。IED、通信協(xié)議和前面描述的通信方法作為一個(gè)系統(tǒng)協(xié)同工作，實(shí)現(xiàn)電力系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)化。</p><p>　　盡管各個(gè)公共部門(mén)不同，但大多數(shù)認(rèn)為電力輸送自動(dòng)化，配電變電站和饋電線(xiàn)路應(yīng)包括：監(jiān)控和數(shù)據(jù)采集—操作員監(jiān)視和控制，配電自動(dòng)化—故障定位，自動(dòng)隔離，自動(dòng)分段，自恢復(fù)供電，變電站自動(dòng)化—斷路器故障（失靈），自動(dòng)重合閘，電池監(jiān)視，故障變電站轉(zhuǎn)移和變電站負(fù)荷轉(zhuǎn)移，能源管理系統(tǒng)—潮流，無(wú)功和電壓監(jiān)控，發(fā)電控制，變壓

37、器和饋電線(xiàn)路負(fù)荷平衡，故障分析和設(shè)備維護(hù)。沒(méi)有自動(dòng)控制的系統(tǒng)仍然具有遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)視和操作員控制電力系統(tǒng)設(shè)備的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，包括:遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控?cái)嗦菲骱妥詣?dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)視非自動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)和熔絲遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控電容組合遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)視和電壓控制遠(yuǎn)程電力質(zhì)量監(jiān)控</p><p>　　前面描述的IED用來(lái)執(zhí)行電力系統(tǒng)集成和自動(dòng)化。很多設(shè)計(jì)要求一個(gè)IED扮演變電站控制器的角色，執(zhí)行數(shù)據(jù)采集和控制其它IED的功能。變電站控制器也要求支持系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)化任務(wù)。通信行業(yè)對(duì)設(shè)備使

38、用術(shù)語(yǔ)客戶(hù)/服務(wù)器，主設(shè)備或客戶(hù)從其它設(shè)備得到數(shù)據(jù)，從設(shè)備或服務(wù)器向其它設(shè)備發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)客戶(hù)端/服務(wù)器動(dòng)態(tài)地收發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)。數(shù)據(jù)集中器通過(guò)收集，集中來(lái)自其它設(shè)備的動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)創(chuàng)建變電站數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。在這種方式下，來(lái)自每個(gè)IED的重要數(shù)據(jù)子集通過(guò)一次數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)移發(fā)送給主設(shè)備。數(shù)據(jù)集中器數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)用于間接連接的IED之間的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。變電站檔案客戶(hù)端/服務(wù)器從幾個(gè)設(shè)備收集、存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。存檔數(shù)據(jù)可以方便供用戶(hù)檢索?，F(xiàn)在變電站的IED壽命差別很大。大多數(shù)IED仍然有用但是缺少

39、最新的協(xié)議。通過(guò)特定波特率和協(xié)議與IED通信，通信處理機(jī)可以延長(zhǎng)每個(gè)IED的可用時(shí)間。使用通信處理機(jī)進(jìn)行變電站集成可以很容易地適應(yīng)未來(lái)的IED。在變電站升級(jí)工程中，棄用所有現(xiàn)存的IED是很少見(jiàn)的。</p><p>　　電力傳輸?shù)谋O(jiān)視，遠(yuǎn)程控制和自動(dòng)化的優(yōu)點(diǎn)包括提高員工和公眾安全，推遲購(gòu)買(mǎi)新設(shè)備的花銷(xiāo)。同時(shí)，運(yùn)行和維護(hù)成本的降低得益于現(xiàn)存設(shè)備的使用，通過(guò)降低斷電造成的損失優(yōu)化電力系統(tǒng)性能，提高電壓分布。信息的收集可

40、以用于進(jìn)行更好的計(jì)劃和協(xié)調(diào)設(shè)計(jì)，日益增加的客戶(hù)滿(mǎn)意度源自改善的響應(yīng)性、服務(wù)可靠性和供電質(zhì)量的提高。</p><p>　　電力系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)化包括很多設(shè)備。下面列出主要設(shè)備并進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單描述。</p><p>　　儀表（用）互感器用來(lái)檢測(cè)電力系統(tǒng)電流和電壓值。它們和電力系統(tǒng)設(shè)備連接在一起，把實(shí)際的電力系統(tǒng)信號(hào)，包括高電壓，電流幅值，轉(zhuǎn)換為小信號(hào)水平。</p><p>　　變換器

41、把儀表（用）互感器輸出的模擬信號(hào)從一種幅值變換到另一種，或者從一種類(lèi)型變換到另一種，如把交流電流信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換位直流電壓信號(hào)。</p><p>　　遠(yuǎn)程終端設(shè)備，是安裝在遠(yuǎn)端，操作起來(lái)像終端點(diǎn)控制現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觸點(diǎn)一樣的IED。特意安排的一對(duì)銅導(dǎo)線(xiàn)用來(lái)檢測(cè)每個(gè)觸點(diǎn)和變換器的值。這些導(dǎo)體引自電力系統(tǒng)設(shè)備，安裝在電纜溝或架空電纜盤(pán)中，終端連與RTU的面板。RTU可以通過(guò)串口把采集到的數(shù)據(jù)傳送給其它設(shè)備，并接收來(lái)自其它設(shè)備的數(shù)據(jù)和命令

42、。用戶(hù)可編程RTU指的是智能RTU。</p><p>　　通信交換機(jī)是能按照要求在不同串行口之間轉(zhuǎn)換的設(shè)備。遠(yuǎn)程用戶(hù)通常用租用線(xiàn)路，或者電話(huà)撥號(hào)與變電站建立連接，并用端口交換機(jī)進(jìn)行通信。一旦建立鏈接，用戶(hù)可以通過(guò)端口交換機(jī)與連接的變電站IED進(jìn)行通信。端口交換機(jī)只不過(guò)是IED通信的通道。</p><p>　　儀表是用來(lái)對(duì)電力系統(tǒng)電流、電壓和功率進(jìn)行精確測(cè)量的IED。測(cè)量值（如需求量和峰值）

43、可以保存在儀表中，用于創(chuàng)建電力系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的歷史信息。</p><p>　　數(shù)字故障記錄儀，是記錄電力系統(tǒng)干擾信息的IED。當(dāng)檢測(cè)到電力系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)情況時(shí)，它能以數(shù)字形式存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。諧波、頻率和電壓都是能被DRF捕捉到的例子。</p><p>　　負(fù)載抽頭開(kāi)關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)換器是用來(lái)改變變壓器抽頭位置的裝置。這些設(shè)備可以自動(dòng)工作，或者受控于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)IED或者遠(yuǎn)程操作人員或過(guò)程。</p><p&g