采礦專(zhuān)業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯--千萬(wàn)噸級(jí)礦井綜采工作面的開(kāi)采工藝性評(píng)價(jià)

1、<p><b>　　英文原文</b></p><p>　　Fuzzy evaluation on coal seam geological condition of coal face in ten million ton Mine</p><p>　　Abstract：Based on coal seam geological condition in J

2、isan Mine，quantitative evaluation on concrete coal seam geological condition is made by using fuzzy evaluation with the view of coal mining and coal face production.The evaluation content and its realization of coal seam

3、 geological condition，the structure and the index system of evaluation factor，the membership functions and weights of evaluation factor ，evaluation model and reliability are expounded in detail ，eighty-two coal face that

4、 will b</p><p>　　Key words：fuzzy evaluation；membership function</p><p>　　1 INTRODUCTION</p><p>　　With the development of mining ，the difference of coal seam geological conditions w

5、ill affect the suitability of coal mining technology and coal face outputs ，i.e. qualification and economic indicator.To ensure a mining running efficiently，safely and steadily ，coal seam geological conditions must be kn

6、own roundly and detailed .Fuzzy evaluation on coal seam geological conditions is a evaluation on concrete coal seam geological condition with the comprehensive view of coal mining. The main charact</p><p>　　

7、The aticle tells of fuzzy evaluation on coal seam geological conditions in Jisan Mine.</p><p>　　2 CONDITIONS OF SEAM AND GEOLOGY</p><p>　　There are three sections that are exploited in Jisan Mi

8、ne， i.e. north section﹑east section﹑west section，they belongs to Sanxia coal seam. Sanxia coal seam is at the bottom of Shanxizu， mean thickness of coal seam is 5.26 metres，from east to west in Mine， thickness of coal se

9、am reduce from 5 metres to 3.5 metre. Rock character of roof is sandrock or siltite， rock character of bottom is siltite or thin sandrock. There are many faults in Jisan Mine，there are fourteen faults that their drops ar

10、e big</p><p>　　3 FACTORS AND INDEX OF EVALUATION</p><p>　　3.1 STRUCTURE OF EVALUATION FACTORS</p><p>　　According to the principle of system， feasibility and simplicity， based on coa

11、l seam geological characteristic ，the structure of evaluation factors is figure 3.1.</p><p>　　It consists of seven compound factors and eleven smaller factors， these factors are quantified by fault density q

12、1﹑fault length exponent q2﹑fault fall exponent q3﹑variation of coal seam and band coefficient γ﹑seam thickness m﹑seam angle α﹑seam hardness R﹑immediate roof hardnessσ﹑ratio of immediate roof and seam mining thickness N﹑f

13、alse roof thickness h0﹑immediate bottom hardness qc﹑coal face length l and coal face advance lengths.</p><p>　　Figure 3-1 structure of evaluation factors of coal face</p><p>　　3.2 INDEX SYSTEM

14、OF EVALUATION</p><p>　　Explanation of eleven smaller evaluation factors is as follows：</p><p>　　fault effect： describing fault effect on mining needs three index， fault density-fault number in u

15、nit area； fault length-sum of fault length in unit area； fault fall exponent-ratio of fault fall and seam thickness.</p><p>　　variation of coal seam and band coefficient： ratio of seam thickness sample stan

16、dard deviation and seam thickness mean.</p><p>　　Seam thickness： seam sample thickness mean.</p><p>　　Seam angle： seam sample angle mean.</p><p>　　Seam hardness： seam compression st

17、rength.</p><p>　　Immediate roof hardness： immediate roof compression strength.</p><p>　　Main roof holding power：</p><p>　　False roof effect： false roof thickness.</p><p&g

18、t;　　Immediate bottom hardness： immediate roof compression strength.</p><p>　　Coal face length</p><p>　　Coal face advance </p><p>　　3.3 MEMBERSHIP FUNCTIONS OF EVALUATION FACTORS<

19、/p><p>　　The membership function of evaluation factor is the quantitative description on fuzzy relationship between the change of a geological factor and the mining effect. Membership function is the foundation

20、 to build a fuzzy evaluation model.</p><p>　　Adopting statistic analogism method， method of undetermined coefficients and heterogeneous fuzzy statistic method， membership functions are obtained as follows：&l

21、t;/p><p>　?。?）membership function of fault effect</p><p>　　μa=2/ （1+exp（0.0018+0.042×q1+0.064×q2+0.00071×q3））</p><p>　?。?）membership function of variation of coal seam a

22、nd band coefficient</p><p>　?。?）membership function of seam thickness</p><p>　?。?）membership function of seam angle</p><p>　?。?）membership function of seam hardness</p><p

23、>　?。?）membership function of immediate roof hardness</p><p>　?。?）main roof holding power</p><p>　?。?）false roof effect</p><p>　　（9）immediate bottom hardness</p><p>　

24、　（10）coal face length</p><p>　?。?1）coal advance length</p><p>　　3.4 WEIGHTS OF EVALUATION FACTORS</p><p>　　Weight of evaluation factors is a quantity that show relative importance o

25、f per factor in system，it is the key to unify systemic structure and function.Coam seam geological evaluation of coal face ascertains weights of evaluation factors by AHP.</p><p>　　AHP is a easy method to qu

26、antify the quanlitative event.Appliacation of AHP needs five steps：building hierarchical model、constructing judgement matrix、single hierarchy collation and consistency check、total hierarchy collation 、consistency check o

27、f total hierarchy collation.</p><p>　　Comfirmatiom of judgement matrix is the key to use AHP，value of judgement matrix is the quantitative description on relative importance of per factor，the valves are one

28、to nine and their reciprocals.Table1 shows the value，Table2 to 4 show judgement matrix，Table5 shows weights of evaluation factors.</p><p>　　Figure 1 gradation and explanation of judgement matrix</p>

29、<p>　　Figure 2 A~B judgement matrix</p><p>　　Figure 3 B6~C judgement matrix</p><p>　　Figure 4 B7~C judgement matrix</p><p>　　Figure5 calculation result of factor weight<

30、;/p><p>　　3.5 FUZZY EVALUATION MODEL</p><p>　　Coal seam geological conditions are multilayered evaluated by fuzzy evaluation model， fuzzy evaluation model images single factor evaluation value to t

31、otal evaluation value by certain algorithm，whether propertis of evaluation sample is bad or good are assured by total evaluation valve，in order to comprehesively consider effect degree of per factor，weighted avarage eval

32、uation model is used，the model：</p><p>　　In fomula：</p><p>　　bj——evaluation valve；</p><p>　　Wi——weight matrix。</p><p>　　3.6 RELIABILITY OF FUZZY EVALUATION </p>

33、<p>　　Because coal seam geological conditions are not accurately descripted ，evaluation on drill information has some aberrations，the ratio of pre-mining evaluation valve and after-mining evaluation valve in the sam

34、e coal face is the index valve to judge pre-mining evaluation reliability of coal seam.I.e.evaluation reliability of coal face j is pj，then </p><p>　　in formula：</p><p>　　bj（1）——after-mining eva

35、luation valve of coal seam j；</p><p>　　bj（2）——pre-mining evaluation valve of coal seam j；</p><p>　　pre-mining evaluation valve of unquarried coal seam is amended by pj.</p><p>　　Tab

36、le6 is evaluation reliability of several section coal face in Jisan Mine.</p><p>　　Table6 evaluation reliability of several section coal face in Jisan Mine</p><p>　　4 CLASSIFICATION RESULT OF E

37、VALUATION</p><p>　　Based on fuzzy evaluation，coal faces that will be mined in ten~fifty yeas are classified . Table7 is the classification results table.</p><p>　　Table7 coal face classificatio

38、n</p><p>　　The classification results of 82 coal face in Jisan Mine consist of zero better coal faces﹑seventy seven good coal faces﹑five general coal faces and zero bad coal faces..</p><p>　　Goo

39、d coal faces occupy 93.97% of total coal faces and 95.07% of reserves，general coal faces lie in 6.03% of total coal faces and 4.93%.</p><p>　　5 MAIN CONCLUSIONS</p><p>　?。?）Membership function

40、 is the foundation to build fuzzy evaluation model， the membership function of evaluation factor is the quantitative description on fuzzy relationship between the change of a geological factor and the mining effect.</

41、p><p>　?。?）The classification results of 82 coal face in Jisan Mine consist of zero better coal faces﹑seventy seven good coal faces﹑five general coal faces and zero bad coal faces..Good coal faces occupy 93.97%

42、 of total coal faces and 95.07%of reserves，general coal faces lie in 6.03% of total coal faces and 4.93%.With the development of running，good coal face will reduce， general coal face and bad coal face will increase.</

43、p><p><b>　　中文譯文</b></p><p>　　千萬(wàn)噸級(jí)礦井綜采工作面的開(kāi)采工藝性評(píng)價(jià)</p><p>　　摘 要：依據(jù)濟(jì)三煤礦的煤層賦存條件與開(kāi)采技術(shù)特點(diǎn)，采用模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)方法，從采礦的角度和工作面開(kāi)采的總體方面，對(duì)具體煤層地質(zhì)條件適于開(kāi)采工藝的程度進(jìn)行整體的定量評(píng)價(jià)。從煤層地質(zhì)條件評(píng)價(jià)的因素結(jié)構(gòu)及指標(biāo)體系構(gòu)成、評(píng)價(jià)因素隸屬函數(shù)與

44、權(quán)重確定、評(píng)價(jià)模型建立與評(píng)價(jià)可靠性分析等方面進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)論述，對(duì)濟(jì)三煤礦未來(lái)開(kāi)采的114個(gè)綜采工作面進(jìn)行了類(lèi)別劃分，為未來(lái)工作面工藝方式選擇及千萬(wàn)噸級(jí)礦井的持續(xù)開(kāi)采提供了理論依據(jù)。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)；隸屬函數(shù)；煤層地質(zhì)條件；開(kāi)采工藝；層次分析</p><p><b>　　1 引 言</b></p><p>　　隨著高產(chǎn)高

45、效礦井開(kāi)采的不斷深入，由于工作面煤層地質(zhì)條件的各異性，必然影響工作面開(kāi)采工藝對(duì)地質(zhì)條件的適應(yīng)性和工作面單產(chǎn)水平，從而影響礦井的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)。為了保證礦井持續(xù)穩(wěn)定高產(chǎn)，必須對(duì)未來(lái)開(kāi)采工作面的地質(zhì)條件進(jìn)行詳細(xì)和全面的了解。工作面煤層地質(zhì)條件開(kāi)采工藝性評(píng)價(jià)是從工作面開(kāi)采的總體方面對(duì)煤層地質(zhì)條件進(jìn)行的整體綜合評(píng)價(jià)。評(píng)價(jià)的主要特點(diǎn)是：將區(qū)段（工作面）作為基本評(píng)價(jià)單元。</p><p>　　本文依據(jù)濟(jì)三煤礦的煤層賦存條件與開(kāi)

46、采技術(shù)特點(diǎn)，采用模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)方法，對(duì)千萬(wàn)噸級(jí)濟(jì)三煤礦綜采工作面進(jìn)行開(kāi)采工藝性評(píng)價(jià)。</p><p>　　2 濟(jì)三礦煤層賦存與開(kāi)采技術(shù)條件</p><p>　　全礦目前開(kāi)采的北2﹑北3﹑南1采區(qū)，只開(kāi)采3下煤層。3下層位于山西組下部，可采范圍內(nèi)的煤層平均厚度5.26 m，大部分為厚煤層，厚度較穩(wěn)定，從等厚線圖可以看出其變化規(guī)律：在井田東北角主要是5 m左右的煤層；在井田東部的中部主要是7

47、m左右的煤層；一部分6 m左右的煤層穿插在5 m煤層和7 m煤層之間，另一部分聚集在井田東南角；從井田東往西，煤層逐漸由5 m變?yōu)?.5 m左右，西南角由于部分被沖刷而是沒(méi)有煤層或變的很?。?.5 m以下）；井田的西部煤層厚度在2 m左右。頂板為粉砂巖及砂巖，底板為粉、細(xì)砂巖。井田內(nèi)斷層以南、北向?yàn)橹鳎锫洳?0 m以上的斷層共14條，其中落差在100 m以上的4條（包括2條邊界斷層），落差50~100 m的兩條，落差20~50 m的

48、8條，并賦存很多小斷層。按照煤層賦存條件，礦井當(dāng)前采用傾向長(zhǎng)壁綜采放頂煤一次采全高頂板全部跨落采煤法。采煤工藝為采煤機(jī)割一刀，放煤一次；雙輪順序放煤方法。工藝過(guò)程為割煤-移架-推移前部輸送機(jī)-放煤-拉移后部輸送機(jī)。</p><p>　　3 評(píng)價(jià)因素與指標(biāo)</p><p>　　3.1 評(píng)價(jià)因素結(jié)構(gòu)</p><p>　　根據(jù)系統(tǒng)性、簡(jiǎn)易性和可行性原則，考慮濟(jì)三煤礦賦存

49、特點(diǎn)，確定的評(píng)價(jià)因素結(jié)構(gòu)如圖1。</p><p>　　評(píng)價(jià)因素結(jié)構(gòu)中復(fù)合因素有7個(gè)，基因素11個(gè)，并由斷層密度q1、斷層長(zhǎng)度指數(shù)q2、斷層落差指數(shù)q3、煤厚變異系數(shù)γ、煤層厚度m、煤層傾角α、煤層硬度指標(biāo)R、直接頂巖層單向抗壓強(qiáng)度σ、直接頂厚度與采高的倍數(shù)比N、偽頂厚度h0、直接底巖層的抗壓強(qiáng)度qc、可布置面長(zhǎng)l及可推進(jìn)長(zhǎng)度s共13個(gè)指標(biāo)來(lái)量化。</p><p>　　圖1 工作面評(píng)價(jià)因素

50、結(jié)構(gòu)</p><p>　　3.2 評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系</p><p>　　為進(jìn)行基因素的評(píng)價(jià)，常選取具體指標(biāo)進(jìn)行量化?，F(xiàn)對(duì)11個(gè)基因素指標(biāo)做簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明。</p><p>　　（1）斷層影響：開(kāi)采實(shí)踐與統(tǒng)計(jì)資料表明，全面地描述斷層對(duì)開(kāi)采的影響需3個(gè)指標(biāo)：斷層密度q1—單位面積內(nèi)斷層的條數(shù)，條/km2；斷層長(zhǎng)度q2—塊段單位面積內(nèi)斷層長(zhǎng)度之和，m/km；斷層落差指數(shù)q3—斷層落

51、差與煤層開(kāi)采厚度的比值。考慮到不同的煤層厚度條件下同值的斷層落差系數(shù)對(duì)開(kāi)采的影響不同，可用煤層開(kāi)采厚度的對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)進(jìn)行修正。</p><p>　?。?）煤層變異性：以煤厚變異系數(shù)γ（煤厚樣本的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差與煤厚均值的比值）為指標(biāo)。</p><p>　?。?）煤層厚度：以塊段內(nèi)見(jiàn)煤鉆孔煤層厚度評(píng)價(jià)值m作為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)，m。</p><p>　?。?）煤層傾角：以塊段內(nèi)見(jiàn)煤鉆孔煤層

52、傾角平均值α作為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)，°。</p><p>　?。?）煤層堅(jiān)硬性：以煤的單軸抗壓強(qiáng)度R作為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)，Mpa。</p><p>　?。?）直接頂強(qiáng)度：以直接頂巖層單向抗壓強(qiáng)度σ作為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)，Mpa。</p><p>　?。?）老頂支撐性：選用直接頂厚度與采高的倍數(shù)比N作為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)。</p><p>　　（8）偽頂影響：取偽頂厚度h

53、0作為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)，m。</p><p>　?。?）底板強(qiáng)度：取直接底巖層的抗壓強(qiáng)度qc作為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)，Mpa。</p><p>　?。?0）可布置面長(zhǎng)：工作面長(zhǎng)度l作為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)，m。</p><p>　　（11）可推進(jìn)長(zhǎng)度：工作面推進(jìn)長(zhǎng)度s作為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)，m。</p><p>　　3.3 評(píng)價(jià)因素隸屬函數(shù)</p><p>

54、　　煤層地質(zhì)條件開(kāi)采工藝性評(píng)價(jià)是一多層次多因素的綜合評(píng)價(jià)，綜合評(píng)價(jià)的價(jià)值基礎(chǔ)是因</p><p>　　素的度量規(guī)范，多因素間必須在價(jià)值上約定一具有可比性的尺度，而且構(gòu)造因素隸屬函數(shù)是建立模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)模型的基礎(chǔ)。</p><p>　　根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)類(lèi)比法、待定系數(shù)法及多元隸屬函數(shù)法[4]，確定的各評(píng)價(jià)因素的隸屬函數(shù)如下：</p><p>　?。?）斷層影響的多元隸屬函數(shù)&l

55、t;/p><p>　　μa=2/ （1+exp（0.0018+0.042×q1+0.064×q2+0.00071×q3））</p><p>　?。?）底板巖石單向抗壓強(qiáng)度Rc的隸屬函數(shù)</p><p>　?。?）偽頂厚度h0的隸屬函數(shù)</p><p>　　（4）老頂支撐性N的隸屬函數(shù)</p><p

56、>　　（5）直接頂巖石單向抗壓強(qiáng)度σ的隸屬函數(shù)</p><p>　?。?）工作面可推進(jìn)長(zhǎng)度s的隸屬函數(shù) </p><p>　?。?）煤層硬度指標(biāo)R的隸屬函數(shù)</p><p>　　（8）煤厚變異系數(shù)γ的隸屬函數(shù) </p><p>　?。?）工作面長(zhǎng)度l的隸屬函數(shù)</p><p>　?。?0）煤層開(kāi)采厚度m的隸屬

57、函數(shù)</p><p>　　（11）煤層傾角α的隸屬函數(shù)</p><p>　　3.4 評(píng)價(jià)因素權(quán)重</p><p>　　綜合評(píng)價(jià)因素權(quán)重是評(píng)價(jià)系統(tǒng)在結(jié)構(gòu)上的一種定量化約定，它表征了評(píng)價(jià)因素在評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)構(gòu)上的相對(duì)重要性，是實(shí)現(xiàn)評(píng)價(jià)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)和功能相統(tǒng)一的關(guān)鍵。工作面地質(zhì)條件開(kāi)采工藝性評(píng)價(jià)采用了層次分析法（AHP）[5，6]確定出各因素權(quán)重。</p><p&

58、gt;　　層次分析法是系統(tǒng)工程中對(duì)非定量事件作定量分析的一種簡(jiǎn)便方法，也是對(duì)人們的主觀判斷作客觀描述的一種有效方法，在確定多因素權(quán)重方面，可減少主觀性，更接近客觀實(shí)際。其應(yīng)用可分為五個(gè)步驟：建立層次模型；構(gòu)造判斷矩陣；層次單排序及其一致性檢驗(yàn)；層次總排序；層次總排序的一致性檢驗(yàn)。</p><p>　　判斷矩陣的確定是成功應(yīng)用AHP法的關(guān)鍵。判斷矩陣元素的值反映了人們對(duì)各因素相對(duì)重要性（或優(yōu)劣、偏好、強(qiáng)度等）認(rèn)識(shí)，

59、一般采用1~9及其倒數(shù)的標(biāo)度方法，如表1所示。采用以上步驟對(duì)濟(jì)三煤礦工作面煤層地質(zhì)條件多因素評(píng)價(jià)的判斷矩陣見(jiàn)表2~表4所示。各因素權(quán)重計(jì)算結(jié)果如表5所示。</p><p>　　表1 判斷矩陣標(biāo)度及其含義</p><p>　　表2 A~B層判斷矩陣</p><p>　　表3 B6~C判斷矩陣</p><p>　　表4 B7~C判斷矩陣&

60、lt;/p><p>　　表5 各因素權(quán)重計(jì)算結(jié)果</p><p>　　3.5 綜合評(píng)價(jià)模型</p><p>　　采用模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)模型對(duì)煤層地質(zhì)條件綜合適應(yīng)程度進(jìn)行多層次綜合評(píng)價(jià)，將單因素的評(píng)價(jià)按一定算法映像為一綜合評(píng)價(jià)值，并以此綜合評(píng)價(jià)值的大小來(lái)衡量評(píng)價(jià)樣本屬性的優(yōu)劣程度。為綜合考慮各因素的影響程度，決定選用加權(quán)平均型綜合評(píng)價(jià)模型[4，7]，即</p>

61、<p>　　式中：bj —綜合評(píng)價(jià)值；</p><p><b>　　Wi —權(quán)重矩陣；</b></p><p>　　rij —隸屬度矩陣。</p><p>　　3.6 綜合評(píng)價(jià)可靠性</p><p>　　由于勘探資料未能準(zhǔn)確地描繪煤層實(shí)際的地質(zhì)條件，故以勘探鉆孔資料為基礎(chǔ)的煤層地質(zhì)條件綜合評(píng)價(jià)必定存在一定的

62、評(píng)價(jià)誤差，將塊段采后評(píng)價(jià)值與同塊段的采前評(píng)價(jià)值之比作為衡量采前評(píng)價(jià)可靠性的指標(biāo)值。</p><p>　　即：令煤層塊段j的評(píng)價(jià)可靠性pj，則：</p><p>　　式中 bj（1）——煤層塊段j的采后評(píng)價(jià)值；</p><p>　　bj（2）——煤層塊段j的采前評(píng)價(jià)值。</p><p>　　采前評(píng)價(jià)值應(yīng)用pj加以修正。濟(jì)三礦不同采區(qū)工作面的評(píng)價(jià)

63、可靠度，見(jiàn)表6。</p><p>　　表6 濟(jì)三煤礦不同采區(qū)工作面的評(píng)價(jià)</p><p>　　4 評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果及分類(lèi)</p><p>　　本評(píng)價(jià)模型應(yīng)用于濟(jì)三礦未來(lái)10~15年即將開(kāi)采的工作面。根據(jù)各工作面的綜合評(píng)價(jià)值可將所評(píng)價(jià)的工作面分成四個(gè)等級(jí)，見(jiàn)表7。</p><p>　　表7 濟(jì)三煤礦評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果分類(lèi)表</p><

64、p>　　經(jīng)過(guò)評(píng)價(jià)后得出以下結(jié)論：濟(jì)三煤礦煤層地質(zhì)條件不好，濟(jì)三煤礦未來(lái)10~15年要開(kāi)采的114個(gè)工作面中，總儲(chǔ)量22667.42萬(wàn)t，其中1級(jí)工作面沒(méi)有；2級(jí)工作面40個(gè)，占總數(shù)的35.09%，占總儲(chǔ)量的28.01%；3級(jí)工作面63個(gè)，占總數(shù)的55.26%，占總儲(chǔ)量的61.97%；4級(jí)工作面11個(gè)，占總數(shù)的9.65%，占總儲(chǔ)量的10.01%。且隨著開(kāi)采向深部拓展，2級(jí)工作面將減少，3級(jí)、4級(jí)工作面將增多。</p>

65、<p><b>　　5 主要結(jié)論</b></p><p>　?。?）構(gòu)造因素隸屬函數(shù)是建立模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)模型的基礎(chǔ)，隸屬函數(shù)的確定使評(píng)價(jià)的各因素在影響程度上有了一定的可比性。</p><p>　?。?）濟(jì)三煤礦即將開(kāi)采的114個(gè)工作面中，總儲(chǔ)量22667.42萬(wàn)t，其中1級(jí)工作面沒(méi)有；2級(jí)工作面40個(gè)，占總數(shù)的35.09%，占總儲(chǔ)量的28.01%；3級(jí)工作面