鞋類和玩具反傾銷的受害者外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　中文3110字</b></p><p>　　本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯</p><p>　　外文題目： Shoes and Toys: Victims of Anti-Dumping </p><p>　　出 處： CHINA'S FOREIGN TRADE, 200

2、9, (12): 30-31 </p><p>　　作 者： Guo Liqin </p><p><b>　　原文：</b></p><p>　　Shoes and Toys: Victims of Anti-Dumpling</p>

3、;<p><b>　　Guo Liqin</b></p><p>　　The anti-dumping duties imposed on China have long been a subject of intense dispute. According to statistics released by the WTO, China is the country mos

4、t frequently targeted by other countries for anti-dumping investigation against its exports.</p><p>　　Analyzed by Lehman Lee&Xu, the third largest corporate commercial law firm in China, foreign anti-dum

5、ping measures against Chinese goods has the following characteristics. The variety of Chinese goods brought under anti-dumping measures is increasing. Since the first anti-dumping case against Chinese exports, most Chine

6、se goods under anti-dumping investigations go to labor-intensive products or easily processed products, involving textile products, clothing, light industry products, home electri</p><p>　　Many countries hav

7、e filed anti-dumping lawsuits against China, such as Germany, France, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Argentina, Venezuela, South Africa, Nigeria, South Africa, Nigeria, India, South Korea, New Zealand and Turkey. Some countries i

8、mpose duties at a very high rate on Chinese exports. In 1993, Mexico launched large-scale anti-dumping investigations against Chinese exports, imposing temporary anti-dumping duties 315% percent on toys and 1,105% on foo

9、twear, the highest rate ever set.</p><p>　　More and more countries are also beginning to bring re-exports under the scope of anti-dumping investigations. This means that exports originally made in China and

10、directly or indirectly exported through Hong Kong or other regions to the target country are also becoming their anti-dumping investigation targets as more countries are adopting the rule of the origin of products as bei

11、ng the target of anti-dumping suits.</p><p>　　Toys, pressure also from developing countries</p><p>　　India’s Federation of Chambers of Commerce and Industry said on June 14 a survey of 110 small

12、-and medium-sized manufacturers found that about two-thirds had suffered a serious erosion of their Indian market share over the past year, because of cheaper Chinese products. In its statement, FICCI said the Chinese im

13、ports were between 10 and 70 percent cheaper than comparable Indian products, a price differential that it said was “huge and difficult to explain”. Amit Mitra, the FICCI’s secretary-gene</p><p>　　Indian man

14、ufacturers face serious competitive disadvantages in comparison with China, including poor infrastructure and rigid labor laws that perversely discourage companies from growing and instead promote inefficient fragmentati

15、on. China exported US$8.4 billion to India in the first four months this year, 13 percent decline compared with the last year, according to the data from China’s Ministry of Commerce. Meanwhile, statistics from India’s M

16、inistry of Commerce and Industry also show that it</p><p>　　India’s small and medium enterprises have warned that they are suffering because of cheap imports from China. They are urging New Delhi to accelera

17、te antidumping investigations and impose tougher safety and quality checks on Chinese products. The appeal for greater government protection came amid rising tensions between New Delhi and Beijing over trade, after a hig

18、h-profile dispute over an Indian ban on Chinese made toys.</p><p>　　Not only India, increased protectionism in the US and the EU, where most of Guangdong’s toys have been exported, Russia, Mexico, Brazil and

19、 Argentina have for the time being introduced anti-dumping measures against toy imports from China, citing various excuses, according to Li Zhuoming, deputy chairman of the Guangdong Toy Association. Actually, starting f

20、rom 2006, Chinese toy manufactures had felt the pinch from diverse-edged pressures. “We have worries every year. We worried about the short s</p><p>　　Footwear, price advantage encounters challenges</p>

21、;<p>　　Chinese leather shoes are for long time the victim of EU anti-dumping sanctions, and the relevant barriers take place frequently. On October 7, 2006, the European Union on Chinese shoes anti-dumping sanctio

22、ns on Chinese leather shoes originating in the introduction of the product for a period of 2 years of 16.5 percent antidumping duties, despite MOFCOM spokesman Chong Quan said that there was no dumping in export of Chine

23、se shoes, and the exported shoes did not cause essential damage to EU indu</p><p>　　Right now, Chinese shoes manufacturers are facing severe challenges to its traditional price advantage in the international

24、 market. The first is the rising costs squeezing corporate profits. During the year 2008, with the rising international oil prices, plastic raw materials prices also rose sharply. According to the plastic monthly report,

25、 from May 26 to May 30 week period in 2008, the prices of plastic raw materials market as a whole rose up to RMB 300-800 / ton. In addition, the continued ap</p><p>　　Take Argentina as an example, it initiat

26、ed anti-dumping investigation on footwear originating in or imported China. On February 26, 2009, the Argentine Ministry of Economy issued Resolution No. 42/2009, decision on the originating in or imported footwear from

27、China initiated anti-dumping cases. If the survey confirmed the existence of dumping practices indeed, will imports from China of such products be imposed punitive anti-dumping duties. Argentina “national newspaper” repo

28、rted that the invest</p><p>　　Active response to anti-dumping, only way out</p><p>　　Sun Ya, Deputy General Manager of Cixi Jiangnan Chemical Fiber Co. Ltd. In Ningbo City, South China’s Jiangsu

29、 province said, “In front of dumping investigations, we must but be more familiar with international rules. Giving up one market means to give up more.”</p><p>　　In the anti-dumping cases against Chinese pol

30、yester staple in 2007, only 34% of the enterprises involved entered an appearance. This means other the other enterprises have lost their USA market. “Entry or lose the market. Only if an enterprise has an awareness to p

31、rotect its legal rights, can it keep its market.” This has become a common view of many enterprises of Ningbo. One in charge in Sanqin Chemical Fiber Company said that they have spent RMB 100,000 in the lawsuit. However,

32、 they have avoi</p><p><b>　　譯文：</b></p><p>　　鞋類和玩具：反傾銷的受害者</p><p>　　長期以來，反傾銷稅的征收在中國一直是一個爭議激烈的話題。根據(jù)世界貿(mào)易組織公布的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國已成為其出口貨物遭受其他國家針對性的反傾銷調(diào)查最頻繁的國家。</p><p>　　

33、根據(jù)全球的第三大企業(yè)Lehman Lee & Xu的商業(yè)律師事務(wù)所駐華機構(gòu)分析，針對中國產(chǎn)品的國外反傾銷的措施具有以下的特點。遭受反傾銷措施的中國商品的品種越來越多。自從第一次針對中國出口貨物反傾銷的案件以來，大多數(shù)的中國商品遭受了反傾銷調(diào)查，尤其是勞動密集型的產(chǎn)品或容易加工的產(chǎn)品，主要包括紡織品，服裝，輕工業(yè)產(chǎn)品，家用電器，五金，化工產(chǎn)品，礦產(chǎn)品，醫(yī)藥和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。</p><p>　　許多國家都對中國提起

34、反傾銷訴訟，比如德國，法國，意大利，日本，墨西哥，阿根廷，委內(nèi)瑞拉，南非，尼日利亞，南非，尼日利亞，印度，韓國，新西蘭和土耳其。還有一些國家對中國的出口貨物征收的稅率非常高。在1993年，墨西哥對中國的出口貨物發(fā)起了大規(guī)模地反傾銷調(diào)查，對玩具征收了315％的臨時反傾銷稅，對鞋類征收了1105％的臨時反傾銷稅，這么高的稅率還從來沒有制定過。</p><p>　　越來越多的國家也開始把反傾的銷調(diào)查范圍擴大到了轉(zhuǎn)口貿(mào)易

35、上。這就意味著，原產(chǎn)于中國的出口貨物，直接或間接出口到香港或其他地區(qū)或國家的貨物也開始成為其他國家反傾銷的調(diào)查對象，因為許多國家都利用原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則來提起反傾銷訴訟。</p><p>　　玩具的壓力也來自發(fā)展中國家</p><p>　　印度的工商聯(lián)合會表示，在6月14日，一個對110個小型和中型制造商的調(diào)查顯示，在過去的一年內(nèi)，由于便宜的中國產(chǎn)品，約有三分之二的制造商在印度市場上的份額已經(jīng)遭受

36、了的嚴重地侵蝕。在它的聲明之中，印度的工商聯(lián)合會表示，有百分之10到百分之70的中國的進口貨物比同類的印度產(chǎn)品更加便宜，而存在的這個價格差異被稱之為“巨大而又難以解釋”。印度的工商聯(lián)合會的秘書長Amit Mitra表示說，印度的工業(yè)正在受著“典型的中國掠奪性定價”的傷害，它旨在迫使競爭對手退出商業(yè)交易，以便中國的公司先占領(lǐng)市場，接著再提高價格，最后恢復(fù)到正常的水平。</p><p>　　印度的制造商在與中國的制造

37、商比較時，面臨著比較嚴重的競爭劣勢，包括落后的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和硬性的勞動法，倒行逆施阻礙了公司的發(fā)展，替代促進效率低下也破滅了。跟據(jù)來自中國商務(wù)部的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，在今年的前四個月中，中國出口到印度的貨物總植為84億美元，比去年同期下降了百分之十三。與此同時，來自印度的商業(yè)部門和工業(yè)部門的統(tǒng)計還顯示，盡管在全球經(jīng)濟危機的背景下，來自中國的進口仍保持穩(wěn)定，超過了印度進口總額的十分之一。在今年的一月份，新德里對外宣布，對中國的進口玩具實行為期六個月的禁

38、令，理由是在印度的玩具制造商抱怨中國的出口玩具已經(jīng)占領(lǐng)印度25億美元的玩具市場份額之后，擔心他們的安全。然而，在這項禁令被解除的僅僅兩個月后，就向世界貿(mào)易組織提起了北京威脅論。</p><p>　　印度的中小型企業(yè)曾經(jīng)警告說，他們遭受著來自中國的廉價進口商品帶來的痛苦。他們敦促新德里政府加快對中國產(chǎn)品的反傾銷調(diào)查，并且要求對中國的產(chǎn)品實施嚴格的安全檢查和質(zhì)量檢查。在印度對中國制造的玩具的禁令的高調(diào)爭端以及呼吁更多

39、的政府保護后，新德里和北京之間的貿(mào)易關(guān)系更加緊張。</p><p>　　據(jù)廣東省玩具協(xié)會副會長李卓明表示，不僅是印度，連以前廣東省的玩具大多遠銷的美國和歐盟，也增強了貿(mào)易保護主義，俄羅斯，墨西哥，巴西和阿根廷以各種借口，已經(jīng)采取暫時禁止從中國引入進口玩具的反傾銷措施。事實上，從2006年開始，中國的玩具制造商已經(jīng)感受到了來自不同邊緣的壓力。一個在中山市的玩具廠的老板林若榮表示說：“我們每年都會有顧慮。在去年的時候

40、，我們擔心工人的數(shù)量會供不應(yīng)求，而現(xiàn)在，我們卻擔心由于貿(mào)易保護主義導(dǎo)致許多西方國家的市場的萎縮?！彼墓S生產(chǎn)的毛絨玩具主要出口到歐洲和美國。他說：“在過去的幾年之中，美國從中國進口的玩具數(shù)量已經(jīng)開始減少，歐盟也提高了其對中國的玩具產(chǎn)品進入市場的門檻，”他也說：“這意味著我的企業(yè)是很難能夠生存的?！备愀獾氖?，他說，原材料的價格上漲和工人的工資上升將會進一步地縮小利潤空間。很多人都達成公識，認為想要進入國內(nèi)市場，并且訴諸于整個行業(yè)的唯一

41、的出路就是創(chuàng)新。讓中國高興的是，在廣東省的汕頭市，許多的玩具制造商已經(jīng)成功地升級了他們的產(chǎn)品，甚至還能夠在國際金融危機的背景下蓬勃發(fā)展。</p><p>　　鞋類遭遇價格優(yōu)勢挑戰(zhàn)</p><p>　　在長期以來，中國的皮鞋一直都是歐盟反傾銷制裁的受害者，以及相關(guān)的障礙也頻繁發(fā)生。在2006年10月7日，歐盟對從中國引進的皮鞋實施反傾銷的制裁，并且在2年期間內(nèi)，征收了百分之16.5的反傾銷稅

42、，盡管中國商務(wù)部的發(fā)言人崇泉表示說，中國出口的鞋類并沒有進行傾銷，而且出口的鞋類也沒有對歐盟的工業(yè)造成實質(zhì)性的損害。這是明顯的歧視，歐盟拒絕承認中國經(jīng)濟地位和回應(yīng)中國涉及反傾銷案件企業(yè)的法律基礎(chǔ)，并決定對所有涉及企業(yè)實施“所有其他稅率”。與此同時，巴基斯坦，秘魯，委內(nèi)瑞拉，加拿大等國家也已對中國的鞋類采取反傾銷措施。</p><p>　　目前，中國鞋類的制造商在國際市場上的傳統(tǒng)的價格優(yōu)勢都面臨著嚴峻的挑戰(zhàn)。首先是

43、成本的上升，壓縮了企業(yè)的利潤。在2008年這一年中，隨著國際石油價格的不斷上漲，塑料原材料的價格也隨之大幅度地上漲。根據(jù)塑料月度報告顯示，在2008年的5月26日到5月30日這段期間，作為一個整體的塑料原料市場，塑料原料的價格上升到每噸300到800元。此外，隨著人民幣的持續(xù)升值，中國對出口退稅率的下調(diào)，以及新的“勞動合同法”和其他的因素的影響，涉及鞋類制造的企業(yè)已經(jīng)逐漸地失去了他們原有的成本優(yōu)勢，增加了這類企業(yè)的生存壓力。第二個是自主

44、品牌的研究與開發(fā)的缺失，批發(fā)的能力的不足，以及比較弱的抗風險能力。目前，國內(nèi)制造鞋類的大部分企業(yè)屬于材料加工，主要是為了臺灣，香港，韓國，歐洲和美國獲得利益，而且他們沒有來自海外客戶出口訂單，也沒有他們自己的品牌和市場，因為制鞋技術(shù)是不容易被復(fù)制的。一旦許多客戶訂單的成本已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到成本較低的東南亞地區(qū)，企業(yè)管下去。據(jù)亞洲鞋業(yè)協(xié)會2007年的統(tǒng)計顯示，在廣東省有5000多家制造鞋類的企業(yè)，在2007年，當中國的制鞋行業(yè)都還沒有完全感受到金

45、融危機的影響的時候，超過了1000家制造鞋類</p><p>　　以阿根廷為例來說，它發(fā)起了對從中國進口的鞋類或者原產(chǎn)于中國的鞋類的反傾銷調(diào)查。在2009年2月26日，阿根廷經(jīng)濟部發(fā)布了二千零九分之四十二號決議，決定對原產(chǎn)于中國的鞋類或者從中國進口的鞋類發(fā)起反傾銷案件的調(diào)查。如果調(diào)查證實的確是存在傾銷行為的，那么，將對中國的此類產(chǎn)品征收懲罰性進口反傾銷稅。根據(jù)阿根廷的“民族報”的報道顯示，從去年開始，就進行了調(diào)查

46、。阿根廷的鞋業(yè)協(xié)會向政府提出申請，指責從中國進口的鞋類產(chǎn)品的傾銷現(xiàn)象是普遍存在的；對阿根廷的制鞋行業(yè)造成了嚴重地傷害，因此有必要由政府發(fā)起反傾銷調(diào)查。</p><p>　　廉價的中國的鞋類具有競爭優(yōu)勢；它也被視為這些國家的禍害。在歐盟反傾銷的重建期間，俄羅斯和加拿大，阿根廷也趁機發(fā)起了反傾銷調(diào)查。因此，廉價的中國鞋類產(chǎn)業(yè)已成為反傾銷的“目標”。</p><p>　　積極應(yīng)對反傾銷是唯一的出

47、路</p><p>　　中國南部的浙江省寧波市的慈溪市江南化纖有限公司的副總經(jīng)理孫雅說：“在傾銷調(diào)查面前，我們必須要更加了解和熟悉國際規(guī)則。放棄了一個市場，將意味著會放棄更多?！?lt;/p><p>　　在2007年，中國聚酯短纖的反傾銷案件中，只有34％的企業(yè)參與了應(yīng)訴。這也就意味著其他的企業(yè)已經(jīng)失去了美國的市場?！斑M入市場或者失去市場。只有當企業(yè)有意識地去保護自身的合法權(quán)益時，才能保持它的