外文翻譯--新一代注塑技術(shù)

1、<p>　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文資料翻譯</p><p>　　系　　部： 機(jī)械工程系 </p><p>　　專 業(yè)： 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化 </p><p>　　姓 名： </p><p>　　學(xué) 號(hào)：

2、 </p><p>　　外文出處： University Hospital Zurich, </p><p>　　Zurich, Switzerland </p><p>　　附 件： 1.外文資料翻譯譯文；2.外文原文。

3、</p><p>　　注：請(qǐng)將該封面與附件裝訂成冊(cè)。</p><p>　　附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文</p><p><b>　　新一代注塑技術(shù)</b></p><p>　　摘要:本文介紹新一代瓶坯注塑技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)以及通過(guò)一個(gè)循環(huán)所實(shí)現(xiàn)的瓶性能。這一循環(huán)使瓶胚冷卻不再需要機(jī)械手和引出板,而是瓶胚直接在模芯上冷卻,在進(jìn)一步通過(guò)

4、2.5 注射循環(huán)冷卻之后被頂出。這使制件的冷卻得以改進(jìn),從而大大提高了每個(gè)陰模的產(chǎn)量。從工作單元去掉機(jī)械手減少了空間需求,并大大簡(jiǎn)化了系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞: 注塑模具設(shè)計(jì) 循環(huán)速度</p><p><b>　　1、概述</b></p><p>　　轉(zhuǎn)位瓶胚注塑技術(shù)是在Husky 注塑系統(tǒng)雙壓板機(jī)器設(shè)計(jì)發(fā)展起來(lái)的。該系統(tǒng)有一個(gè)四面動(dòng)

5、壓板繞橫軸旋轉(zhuǎn)。每一面配一個(gè)典型的半冷塑模。原模系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)48 陰模,從而提供192 個(gè)模芯。定壓板上裝有一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的熱流道和半陰模。 本系統(tǒng)配備一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)兩級(jí)注塑裝置,該裝置有一個(gè)120 毫米擠塑機(jī)和120 毫米注射壓料塞,注射壓料塞上有一個(gè)機(jī)筒頭和分配閥連接兩級(jí)。用目前的瓶胚設(shè)計(jì),目標(biāo)重量是47.3 克瓶胚,從而注射量為2270 克。兩42 個(gè)不同的聚對(duì)苯二甲酸乙二醇酯螺桿用于本系統(tǒng),每個(gè)都取得了可以接受的效果。 當(dāng)機(jī)器循環(huán)時(shí),塑料首先

6、注射到A 面。由于瓶胚要留在模芯上,瓶胚在開(kāi)模不需要象在傳統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)上那么硬。因此,循環(huán)的絕大部分冷卻可以在隨后的機(jī)器循環(huán)期間從閉模轉(zhuǎn)到在模芯上冷卻。然后循環(huán)需要一個(gè)非常短的冷卻期間以允許模具釋壓,注射和保壓也是如此。當(dāng)開(kāi)模時(shí),這一面轉(zhuǎn)位到壓板的頂部表面,然后塑料在B 面注射。當(dāng)D 面到達(dá)前端時(shí),此時(shí)A 面在壓板的底部位置,頂桿在這里被啟動(dòng),瓶胚被從機(jī)器卸到制件引出傳送器上。注射行程對(duì)循環(huán)時(shí)間沒(méi)有影響,因而可以較慢地完成。重力幫助確保制件脫

7、離模具落下。制件落在其簾格端頭的傳送</p><p><b>　　2、瓶性能</b></p><p>　　我們分析轉(zhuǎn)位系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)重要方面是拿這種系統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)的瓶胚制造出來(lái)的瓶的性能與傳統(tǒng)工作單元上生產(chǎn)的類似瓶胚制造出來(lái)的瓶相比較。表1 給出從進(jìn)行的試驗(yàn)中得出的比較數(shù)據(jù)。 轉(zhuǎn)位瓶胚的性能在強(qiáng)度測(cè)試中一直較好,這是因?yàn)楦倪M(jìn)的澆口質(zhì)量允許材料在瓶?jī)?nèi)較好地分布,沒(méi)有跡象表明使用這

8、種系統(tǒng)在瓶的任何地方結(jié)晶度升高。生產(chǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)位樣品可能平均較輕,因?yàn)樗鼈兊闹亓糠植家o密得多。</p><p><b>　　3、系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)</b></p><p>　　這種托坯最明顯的好處是需要的模內(nèi)冷卻時(shí)間減少了,從而減少了整個(gè)循環(huán)的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度。目前,這種系統(tǒng)用最大壁厚為4 毫米的47.3 克瓶胚工作。這種瓶胚加工循環(huán)時(shí)間測(cè)定為22.5 秒,對(duì)于一個(gè)陰模系統(tǒng)來(lái)說(shuō)是最佳的了

9、。轉(zhuǎn)位48 陰模系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)14.2 秒的循環(huán),能取得較好的商業(yè)質(zhì)量結(jié)果。圖2 給出循環(huán)細(xì)分的比較情況。</p><p>　　旋轉(zhuǎn)塔臺(tái)不再需要機(jī)械手。這樣,就減少了由傳統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)上機(jī)械手故障造成的干擾告警和服務(wù)停機(jī)時(shí)間。制件頂出現(xiàn)在不是機(jī)械循環(huán)時(shí)間的一個(gè)因素。隨著消除機(jī)械手需要的開(kāi)模間隙減少了,隨著模具行程的減少還提高了空循環(huán)速度。</p><p>　　系統(tǒng)的另一個(gè)好處是需要的地板面積減少,以及由

10、于沒(méi)有機(jī)械手和引出板冷卻系統(tǒng),系統(tǒng)的可靠性得以提高的潛力。預(yù)計(jì)不發(fā)生機(jī)械手故障的整個(gè)系統(tǒng)可靠性可允許系統(tǒng)可用性提高30%。轉(zhuǎn)位系統(tǒng)的地板面積只有傳統(tǒng)48 陰模系統(tǒng)所需面積的55%。與之相伴的還有每英尺地板面積的產(chǎn)量進(jìn)一步提高。</p><p>　　使用轉(zhuǎn)位系統(tǒng)使瓶胚的澆口質(zhì)量得到改進(jìn)。在閥澆口區(qū)冷凍之后,瓶胚在較短時(shí)間內(nèi)與閥桿的熱點(diǎn)接觸,因?yàn)槠颗咴陉幠?nèi)的冷卻時(shí)間被大大減少。去掉這一熱源就消除一個(gè)結(jié)晶源。除了較好

11、的視覺(jué)效果,還導(dǎo)致澆口區(qū)更結(jié)實(shí),從而使得整個(gè)瓶側(cè)壁區(qū)更好,及有更多的機(jī)會(huì)減輕基礎(chǔ)區(qū)瓶胚的重量。</p><p>　　瓶胚留在模芯較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)瓶胚注塑系統(tǒng)相比,整個(gè)瓶胚冷卻得到改進(jìn)。在一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)械手冷卻板內(nèi),制件遇到被冷卻的管表面就會(huì)收縮,這樣熱傳遞就不完美。在轉(zhuǎn)位系統(tǒng)中,制作在模芯上收縮,從而保持熱傳遞,在被頂出時(shí),轉(zhuǎn)位瓶胚的全面整體溫度比瓶胚從傳統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)的引出位置取出時(shí)要低。還有,對(duì)于目前的瓶胚設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)說(shuō),不

12、向頸模圈區(qū)供應(yīng)冷卻水,在頂出時(shí)仍比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)系統(tǒng)要冷得多。對(duì)于一個(gè)典型的成型系統(tǒng)來(lái)說(shuō),冷卻該區(qū)能限制循環(huán)。</p><p>　　轉(zhuǎn)位系統(tǒng)用幾種不同材料及測(cè)試的兩種不同材料和兩種不同的聚對(duì)苯二甲酸乙二醇酯螺桿設(shè)計(jì),可以看到乙醛(AA)量一直較低。與注射量相比這一循環(huán)時(shí)間對(duì)注射裝置提出非常高的要求,注射裝置連續(xù)不斷地沖刷沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)滯留時(shí)間的螺桿。</p><p>　　由于模具內(nèi)的峰值陰模與兩個(gè)不同的螺

13、桿相符,并與不同的加工設(shè)置一致,乙醛量到底有多低主要原因在于模具集料管。用目前的模具可以看到的第二個(gè)好處是有非常好的重量分布,從而允許在目前制件規(guī)格的允差內(nèi)把整個(gè)制件的重量降到最低程度。</p><p>　?。础⒔榻BIKB-MOULD設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)</p><p>　　注塑模組成的分析處理分為兩部份：</p><p>　　設(shè)計(jì)的首字母和詳細(xì)的設(shè)計(jì)，初期的設(shè)計(jì)決定模具的組

14、成，例如模具類型，型腔數(shù)，流道的類型，澆口類型等。詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)是型芯型腔的組成，澆注系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)，冷卻和排氣系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)，集成分析和最后的草圖。他們需要什么，分析什么是好的CAIMDS的發(fā)展方向。</p><p>　　他們所擁有的客戶對(duì)產(chǎn)品的要求。</p><p>　　包括產(chǎn)品外形和詳細(xì)的尺寸。</p><p>　　一個(gè)已經(jīng)設(shè)計(jì)好的模具方案，這個(gè)方案包括模具設(shè)計(jì)的初級(jí)部分和

15、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)部分，舉例來(lái)說(shuō)模具設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)，動(dòng)模和定模的一部分，填充和頂出的一部分。注塑模具設(shè)計(jì)的行業(yè)知識(shí)等。</p><p>　　設(shè)計(jì)者從專業(yè)知識(shí)中得出模具設(shè)計(jì)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)劃和詳細(xì)步驟，這些知識(shí)包括原材料的選擇，型腔，型芯，分型面的規(guī)劃和其他相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的介紹。</p><p><b>　　他們所想要得：</b></p><p>　　一個(gè)先進(jìn)的交互式模具設(shè)計(jì)環(huán)

16、境。模具設(shè)計(jì)是由一系列細(xì)小的環(huán)節(jié)組成的設(shè)計(jì)程序。這些程序通常需要將已有的模塊和制作好的模件裝配好。這些模具設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)不需要自動(dòng)完成，尤其是對(duì)切口部分特征比較復(fù)雜的產(chǎn)品。先進(jìn)的交互式程序善于整合自動(dòng)化運(yùn)算法則，和有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的設(shè)計(jì)者的在線知識(shí)交流。</p><p>　　標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件/早期設(shè)計(jì)部分/組裝/產(chǎn)品管理。一個(gè)注塑模具在其它注塑模里相同的形狀尺寸分別有型腔，型芯。這些部分與注塑模產(chǎn)品無(wú)關(guān)。他們使用在不同模具中重復(fù)使用的大概

17、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。</p><p>　　有用的工具包括（實(shí)體設(shè)計(jì)和分析計(jì)算）在模具型腔型芯中的設(shè)計(jì)。型芯和型腔的外形和大小直接影響模具產(chǎn)品。這些部分也是模具設(shè)計(jì)中相當(dāng)重要的環(huán)節(jié)。他們的幾何形狀要求可能相當(dāng)苛刻。因此一些模芯設(shè)計(jì)工具的發(fā)展方向基于自動(dòng)生成模具型芯交互作用是相當(dāng)有用的。</p><p>　　組裝設(shè)計(jì)，在傳統(tǒng)的CAD/CAM設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)中，模具的實(shí)體形狀被當(dāng)作幾何圖形儲(chǔ)存模型在一個(gè)三維空間以邊和

18、面的形式生成。象這樣的一個(gè)以嚴(yán)密的幾何計(jì)算表現(xiàn)的視覺(jué)外形可以完成工程分析和模擬。但是這種工作方式不適合設(shè)計(jì)高層數(shù)據(jù)和產(chǎn)品的幾何實(shí)體外形的關(guān)系。</p><p>　　模具設(shè)計(jì)者更喜歡裝配環(huán)境的設(shè)計(jì)而不是一種簡(jiǎn)單的固體模型環(huán)境。</p><p>　　這個(gè)方案被 Ye et al 提出。</p><p>　　５、循環(huán)速度的限制因素</p><p>

19、　　在整個(gè)循環(huán)期間對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)位循環(huán)的影響因素可以分為五個(gè)組成部分: (1)機(jī)器空循環(huán)時(shí)間(這是完成開(kāi)模、旋轉(zhuǎn)塔臺(tái)90 度,閉模和為注射做準(zhǔn)備的循環(huán)的時(shí)間); (2)陰模充料時(shí)間; (3)為避免正冷卻的制件形成凹陷的保壓要求; (4)模內(nèi)冷卻以使模具從保壓期間要求的合模力噸數(shù)中釋壓; (5)在頂出時(shí)瓶胚的大量熱造成的表面熱以及熱再生,以避免后續(xù)處理期間制件被刮傷或有粘性。 系統(tǒng)的機(jī)器空循環(huán)時(shí)間被優(yōu)化。模具不必開(kāi)那么多,以允許轉(zhuǎn)位旋轉(zhuǎn),象傳統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)

20、為允許機(jī)械手進(jìn)入模具區(qū)所要求的那樣,從而減少了開(kāi)模和閉模時(shí)間。轉(zhuǎn)位速度也比機(jī)械手進(jìn)去,轉(zhuǎn)移制件和機(jī)械手再出去快。目前4.3秒的機(jī)器空循環(huán)已經(jīng)充分優(yōu)化,改進(jìn)的余地很小。 如果注射裝置尺寸過(guò)小,生成熔體可能是一個(gè)限制因素。已經(jīng)在循環(huán)速度低達(dá)11.6 秒,用2280 克注射量的0.82IV 樹(shù)脂測(cè)試過(guò)目前120 毫米的螺桿可接受的塑煉能力。這時(shí)沒(méi)有剩余的滯留時(shí)間,這樣循環(huán)將受螺桿性能限制。 充料和保壓時(shí)間大約為9 秒?，F(xiàn)正在做試驗(yàn)以量化最佳的

21、充料速度和保壓外形。 冷卻0.5 秒可以實(shí)現(xiàn)模具釋壓,但目前的工藝需要冷卻1.3 秒,循環(huán)目前受到在制件上形成凹陷限制。這受</p><p>　　６、瓶胚設(shè)計(jì)的考慮因素</p><p>　　(根據(jù)最初比較原型系統(tǒng)中使用的瓶胚以及為促進(jìn)使用轉(zhuǎn)位方法減少轉(zhuǎn)位循環(huán)而對(duì)各種瓶胚設(shè)計(jì)做的試驗(yàn)。因此,實(shí)施一種轉(zhuǎn)位系統(tǒng)而非較傳統(tǒng)的成型方法的決定是由于其他許多考慮因素)轉(zhuǎn)位系統(tǒng)要求四套制件模芯,這樣模芯的

22、復(fù)雜性以及由此導(dǎo)致的整個(gè)模具成本是選擇的一個(gè)因素。其他因素包括生產(chǎn)能力要求、可用的地板面積、資本成本。</p><p>　　附件2：外文原文（復(fù)印件）</p><p>　　The Fresh Generation Injection Mould Technique</p><p>　　Abstract： The translation and edition is

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31、gt;　　Inner place the standard that to support with the hand the obviousest advantage of earthen brick is needs the cooling time decreased , thereby decreased entire time length that cycles 。At the moment , this kind of s

32、ystem employ the largesttest breastwork thickly act as 4 millimeters the 47.3 grams vase embryos do 。This kind of vase embryo process cycle time ascertains by measuring to 22.5 seconds , was optimum as to the overcast st

33、andard system 。Overcast standard system implementation 14.2 secon</p><p>　　Circling the control tower does not need the manipulator again 。Like this , therefore decreased from the tradition system to go up t

34、he jam that the manipulator block created is giveed an alarm and the service ceases engine time 。The finished piece peak has ariseed to be living not to be the inflexible cycle time the element 。Decreased in the standard

35、 the turning on gap that needs in the wake of removing the manipulator , in the wake of decreasing of pattern stroke still lift empties cycle veloci</p><p>　　Systematic another advantage is the floor area th

36、at needs decreases , along with thanks to does not there is manipulator and lead-out plank cooling system , latent capacity that the dependability of system may be liftd 。Calculate in advance entire systematic dependabil

37、ity that therefore the manipulator obstructs does not happen permit the systematic usability to lift 30% 。Merely traditional 48 55% of overcast areas that the standard system requires of indexing system floor area 。Again

38、st the pers</p><p>　　Employ the indexing systematically to cause an a jar of embryo runner quality obtain the modification 。Being living , the valve runner district is freezed afterwards , the vase embryo is

39、 living brieflyer time inner place the heatpoint contact against the valve staff , for the cooling that the vase embryo is living inner place the overcast standard time by enormously decreases 。Geing rid of this heat sou

40、rce removes a crystal source 。Except for better vision effect , still causes that the runner </p><p>　　The vase embryo to remain at the standard rush pith elderer time 。Systematically being contrastd agains

41、t a criterion a jar of embryo mould plastics , entire a of jar of embryo becomes cool obtainning the modification 。Being living , tradition manipulator becomes cool inner place the plank , and the finished piece is encou

42、nter and be able to be shrinked by the tube face becoming cool , and such heat transfer is imconsummate 。In being living the indexing system manufactures at the standard shrinki</p><p>　　The distinct stuffs

43、of indexing system in the way of some kinds reaches the difference of two kinds of distinct stuffs testing with two kinds to gather designing to the benzol two methanoic acid glycol ester studs , and may catch sight of t

44、hat the acetaldehyde ( AA ) amount lets drop always 。against injecting amount is contrastd this cycle time adjust injects the unit proposes the very much tall demand , injects the unit constinuously scousrs not to there

45、is a few is held up time the stud 。</p><p>　　Since the overcast standard of peak value inner place the pattern tallys with against the two differences studs , and against the difference process installation

46、unanimously , the acetaldehyde is measured ever to possess to let drop that the main reason rests with that the pattern gathers materials the tube more 。Second advantage may catch sight of in the way of the pattern at th

47、e moment is possesing the very much good weight distributions , thereby permits to be living at the moment finished pi</p><p>　　4 、The injection mould design process requirementanalysis</p><p>　

48、　An injection mould design is composed of two steps: theinitial design and the detailed design. The initial design iscomposed of decisions made at the early stage of themould design, such as the type of mould configurati

49、on,the number of cavities, the type of runner, the type of gate and the type of mould base. The detailed design iscomposed of the insert (core/cavity) design, the ejectionsystem design, the cooling and venting component

50、design,the assembly analysis and the final drafting.</p><p>　　To develop a good CAIMDS, an analysis of ‘whatthey have’ and ‘what they want’ needs to be performed.What they have:</p><p>　　– The c

51、ustomer’s requirements for the product. Thisincludes the detailed geometry anddimension requirementsof the product.</p><p>　　– An existing mould design library. This library coversthe standard or previously

52、designedcomponents andassemblies of the mould design, for example, themould base (the</p><p>　　fixed half and the moving half) andthe pocket (the fixed half and the moving half).</p><p>　　– An e

53、xpert knowledge in injection mould design. Expertknowledge of both initial and detailed designs forthe injection mould is obtained mainly from experiencedmould designers. Such knowledge includesmaterial selection, shrink

54、age suggestion, cavity layoutsuggestion and others.</p><p>　　What they want:</p><p>　　– An intelligent and interactive mould design environment.Mould design is often composed of a series ofdesig

55、n procedures. These procedures usually requirecertain mould parts to be created and existing mouldparts to be assembled. Such a mould design environmentneed not be fully automatic, especially forcomplicated products with

56、 many undercuts. Anintelligent and interactive environment will be a goodchoice to integrate some useful automation algorithms,heuristic knowledge and on-lineinteraction by</p><p>　　– Standard/previous desig

57、ned components/assemblies(product-independent parts) management. Apart from the core and cavity, an injection mould hasmany other parts that are similar in structure and geometrical shape that can be used in other inject

58、ionmould designs. These parts are independent of the plastic mould products. They are mostly standardcomponents that can be reused in different mould designs and mould sets.</p><p>　　– Useful tools (includin

59、g solid design and analysiscalculation) in the core and the cavity (productdependentparts) design. Geometrical shapes and thesizes of the core and cavity system are determineddirectly by the mould product. All components

60、 insuch a system are product dependent. Also, theseparts are the critical components in the mould design Their geometrical requirements may be complicated.Thus, some tools developed to design the core and thecavity based

61、 on partial automation and partialin</p><p>　　– Design for assembly. In conventional CAD/CAMsystems, moulds are represented and stored as a complete geometric and topological solid model. Thismodel is compos

62、ed of faces, edges and vertices in athree dimensional (3D) Euclidean space. Such a representationis suitable for visual display and performinggeometrically computation-intensive taskssuch as engineering analysis and simu

63、lation. However,this form is not appropriate for tasks thatrequire decision-making based on high-level informationabout</p><p>　　– A design for manufacture. A complete injectionmould design development cycle

64、 can be composed ofthe mould design and mould manufacturing process.To integrate CAD/CAM into the mould design, themanufacturing features on the mould should be abstracteand analysed for the specific NC machine. Both the

65、 process plan and the NC code should beautomatically generated to enable the final designed mould to be manufactured.</p><p>　　– A design for engineering drawings. For manycompanies, the injection mould desi

66、gn has to be represented in the form of engineering drawingswith detailed dimensions. CAD/CAM tools that are able to automatically generate these engineeringdrawings from the final injection mould design will be useful.B

67、ased on the above analysis, our research focus is todevelop techniques to represent ‘what they have’ and‘what they want’.Representing ‘what they want’ is actually the representationof the knowledge an</p><p>

68、;　　5、 Limitational factor of cycle velocity</p><p>　　Is living the entire cycle perioc to the indexing what cycles the effect element may be divided into five component part : (1)Machinery emptying cycle tim

69、e ( this is completeing turning on the standard 、Circles the control tower 90 degrees , shuts standard and in the interest of injects acting the ready cycle time ) ; (2)The overcast standard charges to anticipate time ;

70、(3)The demand is getting near in the interest of averting the finished piece that becomes cool to take shape sunken guarantor </p><p>　　6 、Element considering that the vase embryo is designed</p><

71、p>　　(Vase embryo which on the basis of the initial comparing model employd in the system along with cycling and designs the eperiment which do to different as of jar of embryos in the interest of accelerating the use

72、indexing means to decrease the indexing 。Hence the indexing system requires that four suits of finished piece standard rushs pith , such standard rush pith complexity along with entire pattern cost that thus causes are t