試論《進(jìn)入黑夜的漫長旅程》中女主人公人生悲劇的根源-英語本科畢業(yè)論文

1、<p>　　本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）</p><p>　　On the Roots of the Heroine’s Tragedy in Long Day’s Journey into Night</p><p>　　試論《進(jìn)入黑夜的漫長旅程》中女主人公人生悲劇的根源</p><p>　　學(xué) 院 西方語言學(xué)院

2、 </p><p>　　專 業(yè) 英語 </p><p>　　姓 名 陸娜 </p><p>　　學(xué) 號 12204340416 </p>

3、<p>　　指導(dǎo)教師 曹敏 職稱 講師 </p><p>　　2016年 5 月 20 日</p><p><b>　　誠信承諾書</b></p><p>　　1.本人鄭重承諾：所呈交的畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計），題目《 》是本人在指

4、導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)下獨(dú)立完成的，沒有弄虛作假，沒有抄襲、剽竊別人的內(nèi)容； </p><p>　　2.畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）所使用的相關(guān)資料、數(shù)據(jù)、觀點(diǎn)等均真實(shí)可靠，文中所有引用的他人觀點(diǎn)、材料、數(shù)據(jù)、圖表均已注釋說明來源； </p><p>　　3. 畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）中無抄襲、剽竊或不正當(dāng)引用他人學(xué)術(shù)觀點(diǎn)、思想和學(xué)術(shù)成果，偽造、篡改數(shù)據(jù)的情況； </p><p>　　4.本人已被

5、告知并清楚：學(xué)校對畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）中的抄襲、剽竊、弄虛作假等違反學(xué)術(shù)規(guī)范的行為將嚴(yán)肅處理，并可能導(dǎo)致畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）成績不合格，無法正常畢業(yè)、取消學(xué)士學(xué)位資格或注銷并追回已發(fā)放的畢業(yè)證書、學(xué)士學(xué)位證書等嚴(yán)重后果； </p><p>　　5.若在省教育廳、學(xué)校組織的畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）檢查、評比中，被發(fā)現(xiàn)有抄襲、剽竊、弄虛作假等違反學(xué)術(shù)規(guī)范的行為，本人愿意接受學(xué)校按有關(guān)規(guī)定給予的處理，并承擔(dān)相應(yīng)責(zé)任。 </p&

6、gt;<p><b>　　學(xué)生（簽名）： </b></p><p>　　日期： 年 月 日</p><p>　　Acknowledgments</p><p>　　In preparing and writing this thesis, I have got a lot of help from my supe

7、rvisor and friends. I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks to those people who have helped me during this period.</p><p>　　First of all, I am extremely grateful to my supervisor M

8、s. Cao Min. She patiently read and drafted my thesis. I benefit a lot from her careful revision, valuable suggestions and guidance.</p><p>　　Secondly, I would also like to express my gratitude to all my teac

9、hers in School of Western Languages, to whom I owe much of my knowledge in the English language, linguistics, literature and translation theories during the four-year study. They are Ms. Xv Xiaoyan, Ms. Wu Jingjing and M

10、r. Zhu Cheng. Their lectures have broadened my knowledge and horizon. I have benefit a lot from their earnest teaching and enlightening which are of great help for my study.</p><p>　　Finally, my deepest grat

11、itude to all my family members who take good care of my life and give a lot of encouragement when I was working at this thesis. They always share my weal and woe. I feel much grateful and heartily owe achievements to the

12、m.</p><p>　　On the Roots of the Heroine’s Tragedy in Long Day’s Journey into Night</p><p>　　Lu Na, School of Western Language</p><p>　　Abstract: Eugene O’Neill was the first great p

13、laywright of America. Before he became famous in drama, drama in America had been, for the most part, an undistinguished affair. After he received wide acknowledge, the phrase “America drama” began to take on significanc

14、e. Long Day’s Journey into Night is a family tragedy, which marks the climax of O’Neill’s literary career. It represents the human’s struggle for the meaning of life.</p><p>　　This thesis includes four parts

15、. The first part is introduction. It deals with the author and his works、 related researches at home and abroad、 reasons and significance of the study. Chapter two from the social factors in capitalism、intrinsic quality

16、of human nature、family member’s influence three aspects to discuss the reasons of the heroine’s tragedy. And this part is the key to the thesis. Chapter three discusses what should the contemporary woman do to avoid the

17、tragedy. The final part of th</p><p>　　Key Words: Eugene O’Neill; Tragedy; Woman</p><p>　　試論《進(jìn)入黑夜的漫長旅程》中女主人公人生悲劇的根源</p><p><b>　　陸娜，西方語言學(xué)院</b></p><p>　　摘 要：

18、尤金.奧尼爾是美國一位偉大的戲劇家。在他之前，美國只有劇院、沒有戲劇，他的出現(xiàn)使美國開始有了自己的戲劇?！哆M(jìn)入黑夜的漫長旅程》是一出家庭悲劇，標(biāo)志著作者后期創(chuàng)作的一個高峰，反映了人類為尋找生活的意義而掙扎的主題。</p><p>　　論文由四部分組成。首先是綜述部分，介紹作者及其著作、國內(nèi)外的相關(guān)研究、本人選此課題的原因及研究價值。第二章則從資本主義中的社會因素、人性本身的內(nèi)在品質(zhì)、家庭成員的影響三方面討論女主人

19、公人生悲劇形成的原因。這是本文的重點(diǎn)。第三章則是通過分析女主人公悲劇形成的原因探討當(dāng)代女性應(yīng)如何避免悲劇的重演。論文的最后一部分總結(jié)了前幾章的主要觀點(diǎn)，并指出了研究中存在的問題和局限。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：尤金.奧尼爾；悲劇；女性</p><p>　　Table of Contents</p><p>　　Acknowledgements</p>

20、;<p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p><b>　　摘要</b></p><p>　　Table of Contents</p><p>　　Chapter One Introduction</p><p>　　1.1 The Significance

21、of the Study </p><p>　　1.2 Literature Review</p><p>　　1.3 Research Methods</p><p>　　Chapter Two The Roots of The Heroine’s Tragedy</p><p>　　2.1 Social Factors in Cap

22、italism</p><p>　　2.1,1 The Second Industrial Revolution in the US</p><p>　　2.1.2 The Development of Monopoly Capitalism</p><p>　　2.1.3 The Influence of Male Chauvinism</p>

23、<p>　　2.2 Intrinsic Quality of Human Nature</p><p>　　2.3 The Family Members’ Influence</p><p>　　2.3.1 Before Marriage, Her Father’s Education</p><p>　　2.3.2 After Marriage

24、, the Isolation and Injury of Her Family</p><p>　　Chapter Three What Should the Modern Woman Do</p><p>　　3.1 Establish the Correct Gender Concept</p><p>　　3.2 Correct Understandin

25、g of Feminism</p><p>　　3.2.1 What is Feminism</p><p>　　3.2.2 The Development of Feminism</p><p>　　Chapter Four Conclusion</p><p>　　4.1 Major Findings of the Study&l

26、t;/p><p>　　4.2 Limitations of the Study and Suggestions for the Further Study</p><p>　　Bibliography</p><p>　　Chapter One Introduction</p><p>　　The Significance of the Stud

27、y</p><p>　　As we all know that Eugene O’Neill, the author of Long Day’s Journey into Night, is one of the most famous playwrights of America. Before he became famous in the field of drama, there was no drama

28、 in America. After he became famous, the “America drama” began to take on significance. During his lifetime, O’Neill won three Pulitzer Prizes and was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1936. In 1956, three years after his death

29、, he was granted another Pulitzer Prize due to the success of his autobiographical p</p><p>　　Eugene O’Neill was born in New York into an Irish-Catholic family. His early life was restless. He was the son of

30、 James O’Neill, one of the most popular American actors of his day, who spent most of his life in the lead role of the popular melodrama The Count of Monte Cristo. Long Day’s Journey into Night is unanimously regarded as

31、 O’Neill’s masterpiece. Although this work was not made public until 25 years after his death, in 1956 Carlotta arranged for his autobiographical masterpiece Long Day’</p><p>　　O’Neill’s play’s style from sa

32、tire to tragedy, they often represent people who have no hope of controlling their destinies and breaking the fetter. This paper will explore the roots of the heroine’s tragedy in Long Day’s Journey into Night. We know t

33、hat the heroine’s tragedy was influenced by the social factors in capitalism, intrinsic quality of human nature and so on. In many aspects, the reason of Mary’s tragedy was under the patriarchal society women have the lo

34、w social status and they could</p><p>　　Literature Review</p><p>　　As one of the most successful autobiographical drama in literature, Mary’s tragedy in Long Day’s Journey into Night has been st

35、udied from various perspectives. For example, with the appearance of Sophus Winter’s O’Neill: A Critical Study (1934), O’Neill’s position as a major and significance figure in America theatre as well as in world drama wa

36、s established.（Manheim236）Ever since, books of numerous topics on O’Neill and his works have been published one after another, such as Doris V. Falk’s Eu</p><p>　　Research Methods</p><p>　　This

37、paper is going to research the main heroine in Long Day’s Journey into Night. The research will resort to the literature criticism of male chauvinism and base on the viewpoints of various scholars. It will also relate to

38、 the social environment and historical background of the drama. The paper will research on the life background of Mary Tyrone and her attitude for life from young to old. Besides, the papers will also analysis the influe

39、nces of patriarchal society, analysis are going to be u</p><p>　　Chapter Two The Roots of The Heroine’s Tragedy</p><p>　　2.1 Social Factors in Capitalism</p><p>　　2.1.1 The Second I

40、ndustrial Revolution in America</p><p>　　After the first industrial revolution, North American economy developed rapidly, but the south economic still keeping slowly development. The American broke out the C

41、ivil War due to the unbalanced economic development. So at the ending of 19th century, the United States began the second industrial revolution, which has greatly promoted the development of social productivity in Americ

42、a and had a profound impact on America’s economy, politics and culture. After the second industrial revolution, Am</p><p>　　At the beginning of 20th century, with the completion of the second industrial revo

43、lution, America appeared immigration boom. On the one hand, due to the difference of ethnic religious and social habits there were various conflicts between the influxes of immigrations. On the other hand, with the rapid

44、ly development of industrialization, great desire of wealth makes more and more Americans no longer think about how their actions affect society and they just focus on how to gain great wealth in s</p><p>　　

45、2.1.2 The Development of Monopoly Capitalism</p><p>　　Monopoly capitalism, which is imperialism, is the highest stage of the development of capitalism. Based on the further development of the contradiction b

46、etween the productive forces and the production relations of capitalism, it is formed in the process of production and capital acceleration concentration. The characteristics of monopoly capitalism include five aspects.

47、Firstly, the concentration of production and capital development to such a high level, resulting in the monopoly capitalism pla</p><p>　　In Capital Marx (688)said: “If you have to wait for some of the indivi

48、dual capital to grow to be able to build the railway, then I am afraid that there is no railway in the world today.” Along with the completion of industrial revolution, the American monopoly capitalism development rapidl

49、y and had became a great power in the world economy. America is a place where makes money became the regnant power of society, which human nature was distorted seriously，people became indifferent and ruthless，t</p>

50、<p>　　2.1.3 The Influence of Patriarchal Society</p><p>　　All the time, we were live in a patriarchal society. We regarded the male body and life pattern as formal and ideal social organization form.

51、This is a systematic、structured and unfair system that male control of female. In the patriarchal society: first is male domination, all authoritative positions are left to man, women cannot develop any standards for the

52、mselves, especially for men. Besides is male identity, the value of the identification is always linked to the male. Therefore the communi</p><p>　　In Political Science Aristotle (4) said: “ That man born no

53、ble, and woman born beneath them. Men rule of women, women are ruled.” In the Bible’s Book of Genesis(22-23): “God made a woman use a man’s rib, and brought her to man. Adam said: this is one of my bones, flesh of flesh,

54、 to call her a woman, because she was taken out of a man.” Buddhism also think of female is the root of all evil. The Da Zheng Buddhist (633) said: “Every women is the place of evil.” We can see that both in the West and

55、 </p><p>　　2.2 Intrinsic Quality of Human Nature</p><p>　　Human nature is human nature, it is like to be suppressed、weakened, but it cannot disappear. It will coexist with human life, as long as

56、 the conditions for suitable , human nature will enjoy the show completely. Human nature was influenced by the environment, different living environment affected the opinions and attitudes of each individual survive, and

57、 affecting the human nature changes. This change is not new and lost, but only the change of the strength. Desperate people do everything they c</p><p>　　Stage tragedy stems on the tragedy of life. “Schopenh

58、auer believes that the tragedy is the negation of the will to live, is a kind of aesthetic by revealing the existence of relief and false.” (Wang Runsheng 1988:2) “On the tragedy figure, Aristotle has a classic descripti

59、on: They are such kind of medium: on the morality and justice is not good to the extreme, but his suffer not because of sin, but because of some faults and weakness.” (Zhu Guangqian 93-94) Another important source of Mar

60、y’s tra</p><p>　　2.3 The Influence of Family Member</p><p>　　2.3.1 Before Marriage, Father’s Education</p><p>　　Before marriage, Mary has a happy life. She was born in a family with

61、 an identity and status, and grew up in a carefree. She got all the love of her father and grandma, she had a lot of friends who supported her and love her. Mary has her dream, she has the awareness of being herself and

62、she wants to be independent. However, her dream of becoming a pianist or a nun was still not beyond the patriarchal society’s limitation. In that era, women were required to be a good wives and virtuous mothers.</p>

63、;<p>　　Man must be pleased; </p><p>　　But him to please is woman’s pleasure.</p><p>　　Down the gulf of his condoled necessities;</p><p>　　She cast her best, she flings hersel

64、f.</p><p>　　How often flings for nought, </p><p>　　And yokes her heart to an icicle or whim;</p><p>　　Whose each impatient word provokes.”</p><p>　　As a man, her father

65、 used the patriarchal ideology educated Mary, which was another reason result in Mary’s tragedy.</p><p>　　2.3.2 After Marriage, the Isolation and Injury of Her Family</p><p>　　Mary’s tragic life

66、 was from the beginning of the establishment of the family which did not bring her happiness and stability. Evaluating of the relationship between the member of Tyrone, Guo Jide (2004:248) said:“Between the Tyrones there

67、 were love and hate, sympathy and disgust, blame and forgiveness, self-pity and self-hatred.” Tyrone believes in personal struggle, he is stingy and depend on the money. On the surface, he thought his family is very impo

68、rtant; in reality, all his love of money i</p><p>　　Jamie was the eldest son of the family, he should have been a good education. Mother’s spoiled、father’s indulgence and his own abandonment, which destroy h

69、im. The indulgence of Jamie was due to mother’s drug. He was attached to his mother, after Mary takes drugs, his spirit was near collapse. The death of Eugene made Mary distant from Jamie. Could not get mother’s love, he

70、 accused his mother:“In addition to prostitutes, there are other women will be drug.”(Eugene O’Neil 162)“He almost never stop</p><p>　　Tyrone and his son never stopped blame Mary, but rarely consider whether

71、 they were in Mary’s tragedy played a certain role. They not realized all of this will made Mary walks further and further on the destruction road. </p><p>　　Chapter Three What Should the Modern Women Do <

72、;/p><p>　　3.1 Establish the Correct Gender Concept</p><p>　　Nowadays, we are living in an environment of social harmony and establishing the correct gender concept is essentially. Everyone in the w

73、orld is pursuing the real equality between men and women. The equality of men and women means the equality in politics、economic and social life. On the one hand, we should pursue the equality between the male and female

74、in politics、economic and social sciences to tap their potential. On the other hand, men and women should constantly study knowledge and improve</p><p>　　In modern time, in order to realize real gender equali

75、ty, the traditional gender idea must be changed and at the same time establish the healthy law mechanism、enhance of women themselves ability are also play an essential part. In the society, we should strengthen the propa

76、ganda and education. Schools should spread the correct gender knowledge to the students; parents should educate their children to respect women; government should support women in politics, encourage women to start a bus

77、iness,</p><p>　　3.2 Correct Understanding of Feminism </p><p>　　3.2.1 What is Feminism</p><p>　　Feminism has been active in the stage of history. Cambridge dictionary, the definit

78、ion of feminism is the belief that women should be allowed the same rights as men and be treated in the same way. Emma Watson, the UN’s Goodwill Ambassador record that the definition of feminism is: The belief that men a

79、nd women should have equal rights and opportunities. It is the theory of the political, economic and social equality of the sexes. </p><p>　　According to feminism, there are three types of women in the socie

80、ty. The first type is those who are will to follow and obey men. They have no ideas about their future life and have no awareness of being individual. The second type is those who have their own dreams and want to depend

81、 on men to realize it. She would happy no matter who help her to realize her dream, either her husband or her son(s). If her dream cannot be realized, she would indulge in her dream. Mary belongs to the second type</p

82、><p>　　As a modern women, if we want to be the third type , we should promote our ability, play our subjective initiative, and change those deep-rooted、wrong gender concept which in our minds.</p><p&

83、gt;　　3.2.2 The Development of Feminism </p><p>　　Feminism first took place in Western society, which campaigned for women’s personal freedom right. But now it has expanded in a wide range of areas in the We

84、st. Such as the feminist movement fight not only for women’s legal rights but for the workplace rights, including equal pay and vacations. They against any forms of discrimination. In China, feminism began in the later Q

85、ing period. During the Hundred Day’s Reform, reformers claimed for women’s education and freedom. After the destroy of Qing</p><p>　　With the development of feminism we can find the development of women’s ri

86、ghts in life. Firstly, as well as male, female began to walk into the school and receive education. This is very important for women’s rights, because only by enough education female can realize the importance of rights.

87、 Secondly, the monogamy as the main family structure, and there are laws to protect the status of women in the family and society. Since then, women’s rights have been protected by law. Thirdly, women are b</p>&l

88、t;p>　　Although the social gender system has great system, there still are many questions in China. In daily life, because the rational thinking no better than men and the different in psychological and physiological c

89、haracteristics, women often in a terrible position when looking for a job or marriage. In the political and economic aspects, men tend to occupy the dominant position. In the groups of politicians and big companies there

90、 are low proportions of women. Perfection of gender system has a long</p><p>　　Chapter Four Conclusion</p><p>　　4.1 Major Findings of the Study</p><p>　　Rousseau said: Life is free,

91、 but it is always in chains. Does this mean that people are living in freedom and not free, that is the struggle against their own destiny. Eugene O’Neil devoted his whole life to the creation of tragedy, untiring explo

92、ration of modern people’s spiritual field, hoping to find the roots of human suffering, but cannot found it. This paper analysis of the roots of Mary’s tragedy from the rapidly development of industrial revolution and mo

93、nopoly capitalism, the living co</p><p>　　Through the analysis we pound that the patriarchal society is an important source of Mary’s tragic life. In order to avoid a repeat of the tragedy and get rid of the

94、 shackles of the male, the feminist movement developing constantly. Both in the West and in China there were a large number of feminists who promoted the development of feminism activity and improved the social status of

95、 women. The development of feminism movement helped to achieve the equality between men and women. Though there wer</p><p>　　4.2 Limitations of the Study and Suggestions for the Further Study</p><

96、p>　　Though the thesis has a relative overall analysis of the character Mary’s tragedy, there also exist some limitations of the study. First of all, Eugene O’Neil as one of the representative playwright, the unfortuna

97、te experience of his early life had a certain influence on his works. In many aspects, Mary’s tragic life has the silhouette of O’Neil life. Besides, in the analysis of the tragedy of Mary, the writer just focus on the p

98、atriarchal society without deep research; and when talks about how </p><p>　　Bibliography</p><p>　　[1] Berlin, Normand. Eugene O’Neill [M]. New York: Martin’s Press, 1988.</p><p>　　

99、[2] Eugene, O’Neil. Long Day’s Journey into Night [M]. New Haven& London: Yale University Press, 1955.</p><p>　　[3] Falk, Doris. Eugene O’Neill and the Tragic Tension [M]. New Brunswick: Rutgers Universi

100、ty Press, 1958.</p><p>　　[4]陳雁，王政.百年中國女權(quán)思潮研究[M]. 上海：復(fù)旦大學(xué)出版社，2005.</p><p>　　[5]郭繼德. 評奧尼爾的悲劇《進(jìn)入黑夜的漫長旅程》[M].北京：外語教學(xué)與研究出版社，2004:248.</p><p>　　[6]荒林.中國女性主義[M]. 桂林：廣西師范大學(xué)出版社，2007.</p&g