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1、,,英語語音常見問題及對(duì)策,,語音的重要性,1. 第一印象2. 對(duì)教師本身素養(yǎng)要求,對(duì)學(xué)生的影響,影響語音的因素,1. 母語,拼音,方言 e.g. /t/ /m/ team /∫/ /?:/ short 陜西方言2. 不了解讀音規(guī)則,從開始養(yǎng)成了錯(cuò)誤的發(fā)音習(xí)慣。one two three four five six seven eight n
2、ine ten,常見錯(cuò)誤及對(duì)策,A. 常見發(fā)音錯(cuò)誤1. 不清楚發(fā)音方式,想當(dāng)然發(fā)音e.g. /i:/ /m/記清發(fā)音方式,才可能正確發(fā)音,,2. 有針對(duì)性的訓(xùn)練易受受母語、拼音或方言等影響而誤發(fā)的音e.g. 陜西話影響 爆破音 個(gè)別音直接改變音質(zhì)或無法發(fā)出 /t/ /t∫?/ /r/ road
3、, rose /?/ usually,,3. 一些組合音難點(diǎn)e.g. 雙元音加鼻音/aun/ down round crown/?in/ coin/ain/ nine/ein/ pain strange,,4. 近似音區(qū)分e.g. [n] [η] kin/ king son/sung
4、 [e] [æ] pen/pan letter/latter [w] [u] [?] [a:] cut/ cart [i] [j] [i] [e] [æ] [ai] [ε?] [ai?] [hε?] [hai?],其他常見錯(cuò)誤,詞重音
5、輔音群節(jié)奏省音連讀弱讀語調(diào),詞重音 word stress,the extra strength we give to a certain part of a word試讀下列詞匯雙音節(jié)詞: increase comfort反身代詞:herself多音節(jié)詞: furniture interfere manufacture imm
6、ediately大多數(shù)多音節(jié)單詞的重音在倒數(shù)第三個(gè)音節(jié)上。如果單詞有次重音,一般在倒數(shù)第五個(gè)音節(jié)上。e'conomy ,oppor’tunity,,添加后綴:interfere—interference accident—accidental添加前綴:appear—disappear復(fù)合詞:flashlight 有些合成詞、譯名或者帶有前綴的單詞
7、有時(shí)還有雙重音 'out'side 'Ber'lin 'white-'haired 'ex-'wife 專有名詞: United States節(jié)日: mother’s day短語:point out turn around get out of,,washing machine
8、dancing girlsswimming fishreading glasses,輔音群consonant clusters,the cluster of two or more consonants in one syllable (without any vowels between/ among them)flu [flu:]street [stri:t]sixths [siksθs],,Probl
9、em analysisa. e.g. blue screenb. [pl] people['pi:pl] apple['æpl] [bl] pebble['pebl] able['eibl] [tl] little['litl] rattle['rætl] [d
10、l] middle['midl] fiddle['fidl] [kl] pickle['pikl] ancle['??kl] [gl] single['si?gl] giggle['gigl] [nl] channel['t?ænl] final['fai
11、nl] [ml] animal['æniml] formal['f?:ml],2024/3/16,,c. [tn] button['b?tn] certain['s?tn] [dn] sudden['s?dn] garden['ga:dn] [sn] listen['lisn]
12、 loosen['lusn] [zn] dozen['d?zn] cousin['k?zn]d. [tθ] eighth[eitθ] [dθ] width[widθ]e. [zndθ] thousandth['θauzndθ]f. [tw] tweed[twi:d] twenty[‘twenti]
13、 [dw] dwell[dwel] dwarf[dw?:f] [kw] quality ['kw?liti] quick[kwik],節(jié)奏 rhythm 節(jié)奏群rhythm unit,Rhythm in English speech is based on stress.It’s the pattern or flow of sound created by the a
14、rrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables.中英節(jié)奏對(duì)比面包和牛奶bread and milkJane and her motherCome and get it.An apple a day keeps the doctor away.,,An apple a day keeps the doctor away./? An /‘a(chǎn)pple a /‘day keeps t
15、he /‘doctor a’/way.A. /Pendlebury!/ ?/ Pendlebury! /?/?/?/ PENDLEBURY!!!B. /?/Pendlebury /isn’t in the/ office on a /Saturday, and—/?/Pendlebury/ isn’t in the/ office on a Monday and a /Tuesday and a /Wednesday and a
16、/Thursday and a /Friday, and so /Pendlebury’s—A./Fired?B. /Definitely.,省音elision,the disappearance of certain phonemes in spoken EnglishE.g. go away temperature mostly He helped me.,Contract
17、ion縮略語,I’m [aim]his[hiz]John’s[d??nz]Jack’s[d?æks],she’s[?iz]isn’t[‘iznt]you’re[ju(r)]they’re[ðε?(r)],,we’re[wi?]aren’t[a:nt]haven’t[‘hævnt]it’d[it?d],hadn’t[‘hædnt]wouldn’t[‘w
18、udnt]should’ve[‘?ud?v]could’ve, must’ve, would’ve,,It’ll[‘itl]Won’t[w?unt]I’ve[aiv]You’ve[juv],,連讀link-up,joining words togethera. e.g. post officeb. e.g. the idea of the sofa over therec.
19、 e.g. next topicd. e.g. Just do it. He ate some eggs.e. e.g. there is/are…,,,1. After [i:], [i] and diphthongs [ei], [ai], and [?i], we can add a very gentle [j] as the link. e.g. my uncle
20、 she is2. After [u:], [u] and diphthongs [?u] and [au], we can add a gentle [w] as the link.e.g. how old how often,弱讀 weak form,怎樣弱讀?a. to change the vowels into the weak form— /i/ /?/ b.
21、 to make the long vowels shorter e.g. [hi:] [hi] c. omit the vowel e.g. have [?v] [v],,When do we use the weak form?Determiners, auxiliary verbs, be, preps, pronouns, etc,,a: a pen
22、cilan: an answersome: some morethem: Tell them what to do.us: Let us go.of: a bottle of waterto: go to the cinemafor: for some sunshinefrom: from them, from school,,at: look at them, at collegeand: I’d like a W
23、hisky, and a Whisky and water.but: I’d like to. But I can’t.than: Rose is prettier than Jenny and richer than Jenny. Why do I like Rose more than Jenny?that: We know that we face difficulties.as: as cunning as a fox
24、am: Why am I leaving? Where am I going?are: These are the best.was: He was kind.,,has: My watch has stopped. [h?z] [?z] [z]have: They have been moved away.had: All our money had gone. [?d] [d]does: Where does he
25、 live? [?z] [z]shall: When shall we meet? [??l] [?l]can: She can write poems. [k?n] [kn]must: You must confess. [m?st,m?s] [mst,ms],語調(diào) intonation,Intonation refers to the total pattern of pitch ch
26、angesIntonation can convey meaning.rising, falling, falling-rising,,An intonation unit usually corresponds to a sense group.Nucleus refers to the syllable in an intonation unit which carries maximal prominence.I am
27、 WRIting a LET ter to him. P H N T,演講注意事項(xiàng),演講稿a. 開門見山,要點(diǎn)清晰,邏輯性強(qiáng),說理充分,材料新穎b. 用詞準(zhǔn)確,勿用過于生僻的詞匯c. 可以添加標(biāo)志性語句,2024/3/16,,2. 演講中a. 發(fā)音、語調(diào)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)b. 感情充沛c. 流利,但語速切忌過快,突出要點(diǎn)d. 語調(diào)不能過于單調(diào),抓住聽眾注意力e.
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