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1、畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計(jì))外文翻譯畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計(jì))外文翻譯標(biāo)題:Greenmarketing:legendmythfarceprophesy原文:TherisestumbleofgreenmarketingDespitesomeattentioninthe1970sitwasreallyonlyinthelate1980sthattheideaofgreenmarketingemerged.Earlyacademictreatmentsofgre
2、enmarketingspokeoftherapidincreaseingreenconsumerismatthistimeasheraldingadramaticinevitableshiftinconsumptiontowardsgreenerproducts(Prothero1990VermerweOliff1990).Likeany(relatively)newmarketingphenomenaitwassoonthesubj
3、ectofagreatdealofmarketresearch.Muchsurveyevidencefromreputableresearchbodieswascitedasidentifyingheightenedenvironmentalawarenessagrowingconsumerinterestingreenproductsapronouncedwillingnesstopayfgreenfeatures(Ropergani
4、zation1990Mintel1991Wcester1993).PracticalevidencefthiscameinthefmofthehighlyeffectiveglobalconsumerboycottofCFCdrivenaerosolstheinternationalsuccessofpublicationssuchasTheGreenConsumerGuide(ElkingtonHailes1988).Therewer
5、etwokeyresponsestothis:onewasaburstofcpateactivityintheareaofgreenmarketingtheotherwasanupsurgeingreenbusinessresearchwritingamongstacademics.Cpateinterestingreenmarketingwasindicatedbyearlymarketresearchfindingssuggesti
6、ngmajchangesinnovations.VermerweOliff’s(1990)surveyfoundthat92percentofEuropeanmultinationalsclaimedtohavechangedtheirproductsinresponsetogreenconcerns85percentclaimedtohavechangedtheirproductionsystems.Greenproductintro
7、ductionsintheUSmethandoubledto11.4percentofallnewhouseholdproductsbetween19891990continuedtogrowto13.4percentin1991(Ottman1993).Similarlythevolumeofgreenprintadsgrewby430percentthatofgreenTVadsby367percentbetween19891990
8、(Ottman1993).StiesofcompaniessuchastheBodyShopEcoverperfmancetothepointthatreducesthedemfspecialistgreenproducts.Perhapsthemostdamningmarketresearchevidenceinthecasefthedeclineofgreenmarketingisthealarmingcynicismbeingdi
9、splayedbyconsumersaboutgreenproductsgreenclaimsthecompaniesbehindthem(Kangunetal.1991NationalConsumerCouncil1996).Themarketingphilosophyprocessisbuiltaroundthecustomertherelationshipbetweenthecompanythecustomer.Ifthisisa
10、cterisedbycynicismdistrustthencompaniesareunlikelytobeabletobringcustomersalongwiththemthroughthechangesneededtomovetowardssustainability.Greenmarketingwillnotwkinthefaceofconsumerdistrustbutthenthatdistrustmaybepartlyap
11、roductofthetypesof“greenmarketings”thatcompanieshaverelieduponsofar.FiveroutestofailureReviewingKing’sanalysisitseemsclearthatmanyoftheproblemsthathavehamperedthedevelopmentofeffectivemainstreammarketinginthepasthaveretu
12、rnedtohamperthedevelopmentofgreenmarketingaswell.Theseproblemshavecontributedtotheemergenceoffivefailedmanifestationsofgreenmarketing.Theseare:greenspinninggreensellinggreenharvestingenviropreneurmarketingcompliancemarke
13、ting.GreensellingThegrowthinmarketresearchidentifyingconsumerconcernabouttheenvironmentduringthe1990smeantthatitwastakenfgrantedinmanyquartersthat“greenwouldsell”manyfirmsrespondedbyrapidlyadjustingtheirpromotionalcampai
14、gns.Thisledtowhatwerefertoasa“greenselling”approachnamelyaposthocidentificationofenvironmentalfeaturesinexistingproductsthuspromptinga(usuallyshtterm)hopontothegreenbwagon.Thisreflectedatypicalsalesientationsinceinterest
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