“我很好，你不好”——駕駛員對(duì)交警交通執(zhí)法的態(tài)度【外文翻譯】

1、本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯原文：原文：I’mOK–you’renotOKDrivers’attitudestowardpoliceofficersenfcingtrafficlawsPoliceofficershaveamajroleinthesuccessoftrafficlawenfcement(ShinarMcKnight1986).YetasRadeletCarter(1994)argue“byfarthebiggestcon

2、flictbetweenthepolicethepublicoccursintheenfcementoftrafficlaws”(p.207).Thepresentpaperexplestheattitudesofdriverstowardpoliceofficers’enfcingtrafficlawsaswellastherelationshipofthesegeneralattitudestowardpoliceauthity.T

3、hedeterringeffectofanencounterwithpoliceofficersEncountersbetweenpoliceofficerscitizensintrafficsituationsprovideamajsourceofcitizens’hostilitytowardthepolice(Wilson1964).KirkhamWollan(1980)arguethatfmostcitizenstraffici

4、ncidentsrepresenttheironlyencounterwiththepolice.Regardlessofhowskilledininterpersonalrelationsanofficermaybewhenapprehendingadriverthereareinherentlynegativefeaturesinsuchencounters.Thereasonsfthepublic’sresentmentoftra

5、fficlawenfcementarecomplex.KirkhamWollan(1980)suggestseveralexplanationsftheunpleasantemotionsdriversexperienceifapprehended.Firstthepoliceofficerisasalientsymbolofgovernmentalauthity.Thusanapprehensionrepresentsaninstan

6、ceofinterferencewiththedriver’sfreedomofaction.Furthermeapprehensionimpartstothedriverthestatusofachildwhohasbeencaughtinsomewrongdoingistherefeabouttobepunished.Althoughdriversadmittohavingviolatedatrafficlawthereisaoft

7、enafeelingofhavingbeenunjustlysingledoutfpunishmentbecausemotistswitnessmanyinstancesinwhichviolationsgoundetected(KirkhamWollan1980).RadeletCarter(1994)alsoarguethatwhenadriverisaskedtostoppullovertothesideoftheroadthed

8、riverfeelsdriversdonotconsideraccidentpreventiontobeamajmotivebehindpoliceofficers’actions:48percentoftherespondentsbelievedthatthepurposewastoraiserevenueflawenfcement17percentthoughtitwastoraiserevenuefthecityonly6perc

9、entattributedittotheattempttopreventaccidents(WatersMcgrath1974).Sweeney(1982)maintainsthatdriversoftenregardtrafficlawenfcementasafmofsptingcompetitionbetweenthepursuersthepursued.Fexampledriversinvestlargesumsofmoneyin

10、radardetects.Atthesametimethepublicsometimesresentswhatitconsiders“unfair”tacticsonthepartofpoliceenfcementtechniquesthatmakeuseofconcealedobservationsmayleaveabadtasteinthepublic’smouth.Policeofficers’roletheperceivedri

11、skofapprehensionShinarMcKnight(1986)adoptingautilitymodelofhumanbehavisuggestedthattheeffectivenessoftrafficlawenfcementisstronglyrelatedtotheperceivedriskofapprehensionwhichdependsonthesalienceofthepolicefceitsperceived

12、preparednesstoapprehendthedensity(eitheractualperceived)ofpoliceunitsperroadsection.Theauthsarguehoweverthatamajproblemisinherentinthecontradictionbetweenthetwopurposesofenfcement:apprehendingthosewhoviolatethelawincreas

13、inglongtermobedience.Whereasalowvisibilityfpoliceunitsisnecessarytoachievethefirstpurposehighvisibilitywouldheightentheperceptionoftheriskofapprehensiontherebyincreaseobedienceinthelongrun.Theauthscontendthatenfcementuni

14、tsshouldbevisibleperceivedasthreateningwhichmeansthatpoliceofficersshouldspendminimaltimeinapprehendingdriverssinceduringthistimetheyareperceivedasincapableofapprehendingotherviolats.Itcouldbefurtherarguedthattheperceive

15、driskofapprehensionconsequentlytheeffectivenessofpoliceenfcementdependnotonlyontheobjectiveacteristicsofthepolicebutalsoonadriver’sperceptionofpoliceofficers’attributes.Theperceptionofpoliceofficersascompetenteffectivefe