計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)的介紹computer-science-英語(yǔ)作文自己專業(yè)的介紹

1、Computer Science,計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院某某級(jí)某某人,Contents1 History2 Major achievements3 Areas of computer science 3.1 Computer architecture and engineering 3.2 Artificial intelligence 3.3 Information

2、science,The earliest known tool for use in computation was the abacus, developed in period 2700–2300 BC in Sumer.,1.History,The Antikythera mechanism is believed to be the earliest known mechanical analog computer. It wa

3、s designed to calculate astronomical positions. It was discovered in 1901 in the Antikythera wreck off the Greek island of Antikythera, between Kythera and Crete, and has been dated to c. 100 BC.,Mechanical analog comput

4、ing devices appeared a thousand years later in the medieval Islamic world.,When John Napier discovered logarithms for computational purposes in the early 17th century, there followed a period of considerable progress by

5、inventors and scientists in making calculating tools.,Around 1640, Blaise Pascal, a leading French mathematician, constructed the first mechanical adding device, the Pascaline, based on a design described by Greek mathem

6、atician Hero of Alexandria.,Blaise Pascal (19 June 1623 – 19 August 1662), was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, writer and Christian philosopher.,Charles Babbage is credited with inventing the first mechanica

7、l computer in Victorian times,,for which Ada Lovelace wrote a manual.,In 1837 Charles Babbage first described his Analytical Engine which is accepted as the first design for a modern computer.,The industrial revolution h

8、ad driven forward the mechanization of many tasks, and this included weaving. Punched cards controlled Joseph Marie Jacquard's loom in 1801, where a hole punched in the card indicated a binary one and an unpunched sp

9、ot indicated a binary zero.,Before the 1920s, computers (sometimes computors) were human clerks that performed computations. After the 1920s, the expression computing machine referred to any machine that performed the

10、work of a human computer, especially those in accordance with effective methods of the Church-Turing thesis.,The theoretical Turing Machine, created by Alan Turing, is a hypothetical device theorized in order to study th

11、e properties of such hardware.,Alan Mathison Turing, OBE, FRS (June 1912 – 7 June 1954), was a British mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst, and computer scientist.,A Turing machine is a device that manipulates symbols

12、on a strip of tape according to a table of rules. Despite its simplicity, a Turing machine can be adapted to simulate the logic of any computer algorithm, and is particularly useful in explaining the functions of a CPU i

13、nside a computer.,Turing is so important to computer science that his name is also featured on the Turing Award and the Turing test. He contributed greatly to British code-breaking successes in the Second World War, and

14、continued to design computers and software through the 1940s, but committed suicide in 1954.In 1948, the first practical computer that could run stored programs, based on the Turing machine model, had been built - the M

15、anchester Baby.,In 1950, Britain's National Physical Laboratory completed Pilot ACE, a small scale programmable computer, based on Turing's philosophy.,The German military used the Enigma machine (shown here) dur

16、ing World War II for communication they thought to be secret. The large-scale decryption of Enigma traffic at Bletchley Park was an important factor that contributed to Allied victory in WWII.,Computer science began to b

17、e established as a distinct academic discipline in the 1950s and early 1960s.,2. Major Achievements,The start of the "digital revolution," which includes the current Information Age and the Internet.In cryptog

18、raphy, breaking the Enigma code was an important factor contributing to the Allied victory in World War II.The concept of a programming language, a tool for the precise expression of methodological information at variou

19、s levels of abstraction.,4) Algorithmic trading has increased the efficiency and liquidity of financial markets by using artificial intelligence, machine learning, and oth

20、er statistical and numerical techniques on a large scale. High frequency algorithmic trading can also exacerbate volatility.5) Image synthesis, including video by computing individual video frames.6) Scientific computi

21、ng enabled practical evaluation of processes and situations of great complexity, as well as experimentation entirely by software.Etc…,3.1 Theoretical computer science 3.1.1 Theory of computation3.1.2 Information and

22、coding theory 3.1.3 Algorithms and data structures3.1.4 Programming language theory3.1.5 Formal methods3.1.6 Concurrent, parallel and distributed systems3.1.7 Databases and information retrieval,3.Areas of computer s

23、cience,3.2 Applied computer science3.2.1 Artificial intelligence3.2.2 Computer architecture and engineering3.2.3 Computer graphics and visualization3.2.4 Computer security and cryptography3.2.5 Computational science

24、3.2.6 Health Informatics3.2.7 Information science3.2.8 Software engineering,Let’s pick up some of them.,--Computer architecture and engineering,Multiprocessing,Operating systems,Computer security,Systems architecture,

25、Digital logic,---Information science,Information retrieval,Natural language processing,Human–computer interaction,Knowledge representation,---Artificial intelligence,Pattern recognition,Computer Vision,Robotics,Data mini