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1、PartIwriting(30minutes)注意：此部分試題在答題卡1上:參考范PartIIReadingComprehension(Skimmingscanning)(15minutes)SupersizesurpriseAskanyonewhythereisanobesityepidemictheywilltellyouthatit’saldowntoeatingtoomuchburningtoofewcalies.Thatexp

2、lanationappealstocommonsensehasdominatedefftstogettotherootoftheobesityepidemicreverseityetobesityresearchersareincreasinglydissatisfiedwithit.Manynowbelievethatsomethingelsemusthavechangedinourenvironmenttoprecipitate(促

3、成)suchdramaticrisesinobesityoverthepast40yearsso.Nobodyissayingthatthe“bigtwo”–reducedphysicalactivityincreasedavailabilityoffood–arenotimptantcontributstotheepidemicbuttheycannotexplainitall.Earlierthisyearareviewpaperb

4、y20obesityexpertssetoutthe7mostplausiblealternativeexplanationsftheepidemic.Heretheyare.1.NotenoughsleepItiswidelybelievedthatsleepisfthebrainnotthebody.CouldashtageofshuteyealsobehelpingtomakeusfatSeverallargescalestudi

5、essuggesttheremaybealink.Peoplewhosleeplessthan7hoursanighttendtohaveahigherbodymassindexthanpeoplewhosleepmeaccdingtodatagatheredbytheUSNationalHealthNutritionExaminationSurvey.SimilarlytheUSNurses’HealthStudywhichtrack

6、ed68000womenf16yearsfoundthatthosewhosleptanaverageof5hoursanightgainedmeweightduringthestudyperiodthanwomenwhoslept6hourswhointurngainedmethanwhosewhoslept7.It’swellknownthatobesityimpairssleepsoperhapspeoplegetfatfirst

7、sleeplessafterwards.Butthenurses’studysuggeststhatitcanwkintheotherdirectiontoo:sleeplossmayprecipitateweightgain.Althoughgettingfiguresisdifficultitappearsthatwereallyaresleepingless.In1960peopleintheUSsleptanaverageof8

8、.5hourspernight.A2002pollbytheNationalSleepFoundationsuggeststhattheaveragehasfallentounder7hoursthedeclineismirredbytheincreaseinobesity.2.Climatecontrolnmallysoyoufatemayhavebeensealedevenbefeyouwereconceived.5.Alittle

9、older…Somegroupsofpeoplejusthappentobefatterthanothers.surveyscarriedoutbytheUSnationalcenterfhealthstatistiesfoundthatadultsaged40to79werearoundthreetimesaslikelytobeobeseasyoungerpeople.nonwhitefemalesalsotendtofallatt

10、hefatterendofthespectreum:Mexicanamericanwomenare30%melikelythanwhitewomentobeobsessblackwomenhavetwicetherisk.IntheUSthesegroupsaccountfanincreasingpercentageofthepopulation.between19702000theUSpopulationaged35to44grewb

11、y43%.theproptionofHispanicamericansalsogrewfromunder5%to12.5%ofthepopulationwhiletheproptionofblackAmericansincreasedfrom11%to12.3%.thesechangesmayaccountinpartftheincreasedprevalenceofobesity.6.maturemumsMothersaroundth

12、ewldaregettingolder.intheUKthemeanagefavingafristchildis27.3comparedwith23.7in1970.meanageatfristbirthintheUShasalsoincreasedrisingfrom21.4in1970to24.9in2000.Thiswouldbeneitherherenthereifitwere’tftheobservationthathavin

13、ganoldermotherseemstobeanindependentriskfactfobesity.ResultsfromtheUSnationalheartlungbloodinstitute’sstudyfoundthattheoddsofachildbeingobeseincrease14%feveryfiveextrayearsoftheirmother’sagethoughwhythisshouldbesoisnoten

14、tirelyclear.MichaelSymondsattheuniversityofNottinghamUKfoundthatfirstbronchildrenhavemefatthanyoungerones.Asfamilysizedecreasesfirstbronsaccountfagreathershareofthepopulation.In1964britishwomengavebirthtoanaverageof2.95c

15、hildrenby2005thatfigurehadfallento1.79.intheUSin19769.6%ofwomanintheir40shadonlyonechilein2004itwas17.4%.thiscombinationofoldermothersmesinglechildrencouldbecontributingtotheobesityepidemic.7.LikemarryinglikeJustaspeople

16、pairoffaccdingtolookssotheydofsize.Leanpeoplearemelikelytomarryleanandfatmelikelytomarryfat.Onitsownlikemarryinglikecannotaccountfanyincreaseinobesity.Butcombinedwithothersparticularlythefactthatobesityispartlygeicthathe

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