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1、PartIwriting(30minutes)注意：此部分試題在答題卡1上:參考范PartIIReadingComprehension(Skimmingscanning)(15minutes)SupersizesurpriseAskanyonewhythereisanobesityepidemictheywilltellyouthatit’saldowntoeatingtoomuchburningtoofewcalies.Thatexp
2、lanationappealstocommonsensehasdominatedefftstogettotherootoftheobesityepidemicreverseityetobesityresearchersareincreasinglydissatisfiedwithit.Manynowbelievethatsomethingelsemusthavechangedinourenvironmenttoprecipitate(促
3、成)suchdramaticrisesinobesityoverthepast40yearsso.Nobodyissayingthatthe“bigtwo”–reducedphysicalactivityincreasedavailabilityoffood–arenotimptantcontributstotheepidemicbuttheycannotexplainitall.Earlierthisyearareviewpaperb
4、y20obesityexpertssetoutthe7mostplausiblealternativeexplanationsftheepidemic.Heretheyare.1.NotenoughsleepItiswidelybelievedthatsleepisfthebrainnotthebody.CouldashtageofshuteyealsobehelpingtomakeusfatSeverallargescalestudi
5、essuggesttheremaybealink.Peoplewhosleeplessthan7hoursanighttendtohaveahigherbodymassindexthanpeoplewhosleepmeaccdingtodatagatheredbytheUSNationalHealthNutritionExaminationSurvey.SimilarlytheUSNurses’HealthStudywhichtrack
6、ed68000womenf16yearsfoundthatthosewhosleptanaverageof5hoursanightgainedmeweightduringthestudyperiodthanwomenwhoslept6hourswhointurngainedmethanwhosewhoslept7.It’swellknownthatobesityimpairssleepsoperhapspeoplegetfatfirst
7、sleeplessafterwards.Butthenurses’studysuggeststhatitcanwkintheotherdirectiontoo:sleeplossmayprecipitateweightgain.Althoughgettingfiguresisdifficultitappearsthatwereallyaresleepingless.In1960peopleintheUSsleptanaverageof8
8、.5hourspernight.A2002pollbytheNationalSleepFoundationsuggeststhattheaveragehasfallentounder7hoursthedeclineismirredbytheincreaseinobesity.2.Climatecontrolnmallysoyoufatemayhavebeensealedevenbefeyouwereconceived.5.Alittle
9、older…Somegroupsofpeoplejusthappentobefatterthanothers.surveyscarriedoutbytheUSnationalcenterfhealthstatistiesfoundthatadultsaged40to79werearoundthreetimesaslikelytobeobeseasyoungerpeople.nonwhitefemalesalsotendtofallatt
10、hefatterendofthespectreum:Mexicanamericanwomenare30%melikelythanwhitewomentobeobsessblackwomenhavetwicetherisk.IntheUSthesegroupsaccountfanincreasingpercentageofthepopulation.between19702000theUSpopulationaged35to44grewb
11、y43%.theproptionofHispanicamericansalsogrewfromunder5%to12.5%ofthepopulationwhiletheproptionofblackAmericansincreasedfrom11%to12.3%.thesechangesmayaccountinpartftheincreasedprevalenceofobesity.6.maturemumsMothersaroundth
12、ewldaregettingolder.intheUKthemeanagefavingafristchildis27.3comparedwith23.7in1970.meanageatfristbirthintheUShasalsoincreasedrisingfrom21.4in1970to24.9in2000.Thiswouldbeneitherherenthereifitwere’tftheobservationthathavin
13、ganoldermotherseemstobeanindependentriskfactfobesity.ResultsfromtheUSnationalheartlungbloodinstitute’sstudyfoundthattheoddsofachildbeingobeseincrease14%feveryfiveextrayearsoftheirmother’sagethoughwhythisshouldbesoisnoten
14、tirelyclear.MichaelSymondsattheuniversityofNottinghamUKfoundthatfirstbronchildrenhavemefatthanyoungerones.Asfamilysizedecreasesfirstbronsaccountfagreathershareofthepopulation.In1964britishwomengavebirthtoanaverageof2.95c
15、hildrenby2005thatfigurehadfallento1.79.intheUSin19769.6%ofwomanintheir40shadonlyonechilein2004itwas17.4%.thiscombinationofoldermothersmesinglechildrencouldbecontributingtotheobesityepidemic.7.LikemarryinglikeJustaspeople
16、pairoffaccdingtolookssotheydofsize.Leanpeoplearemelikelytomarryleanandfatmelikelytomarryfat.Onitsownlikemarryinglikecannotaccountfanyincreaseinobesity.Butcombinedwithothersparticularlythefactthatobesityispartlygeicthathe
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