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1、1.?Romanticperiod2.?WashingtonIrving3.?EdgarAllanPoe4.?NathanialHawthne5.?WaltWhitman6.?EmilyDickinson7.?II.Realistperiod8.?MarkTwain9.?Sherwooderson10.?StephenCrane11.?TheodeDreiser12.?III.Modernperiod13.?F.S.Fitzgerald

2、14.?ErnestHemingway15.?WilliamFaulkner1.TranscendentalismTranscendentalismreferstothereligiousphilosophicaldoctrinesofRalphWaldoEmersonothersinNewEnglinthedle1800’swhichemphasizedtheimptanceofindividualinspirationintuiti

3、ontheOversoulNature.OtherconceptsthataccompaniedTranscendentalismincludetheideathatnatureisennoblingtheideathattheindividualisdivinetherefeselfreliant.NewEnglTranscendentalismistheproductofacombinationofnativeAmericanPur

4、itanismEuropeanRomanticism.2.NaturalismNaturalismamedeliberatekindofrealismusuallyinvolvesaviewofhumanbeingsaspassivevictimsofnaturalfcessocialenvironment.AsaliterarymovementnaturalismwasinitiatedinFranceitcametobeledbyZ

5、olawhoclaimedat“scientific”statusfhisstudiesofimpoverishedactersmiserablysubjectedtohungersexualobsessionhereditarydefects.Naturalfictionaspiredtoasociologicalobjectivityofferingdetailedfullyresearchedinvestigationsintou

6、nexpledcnersofmodernsociety.ThemostsignificantwkofnaturalisminEnglishbeingDreiser’sSisterCarrie.3.AmericanDreamTheAmericanDreamisthefaithheldbymanypeopleintheUnitedStatesofAmericathatthroughhardwkcouragedeterminationonec

7、anachieveabetterlifefoneselfusuallythroughfinancialprosperity.ThesewerevaluesheldbymanyearlyEuropeansettlershavebeenpassedontosubsequentgenerations.4.TheLostGenerationThetermLostGenerationwascoinedbyGertrudeSteintorefert

8、oagroupofAmericanLiterarynotableswholivedinParisfromthetimeperiodwhichsawtheendofWldWarItothebeginningoftheGreatDepression.SignificantmembersincludedErnestHemingwayF.ScottFitzgeraldEzraPoundSherwoodersonT.S.EliotGertrude

9、Steinherself.Hemingwaylikelypopularizedthetermquotingnumberofpainterssoughttoavoidtherepresentationofexternalrealityinsteadtoprojectahighlypersonalsubjectivevisionofthewld.Themainprincipleinvolvedisthatexpressiondetermin

10、esfmtherefeimagerypunctuationsyntaxsofth.Inbriefanyofthefmalruleselementsofwritingcanbebentdisjointedtosuitthepurpose.Theatricallyexpressionismwasareactionagainstrealisminthatittendstoshowinnerpsychologicalrealities.O’Ne

11、ill’splaysaresomeofthebestexamples.TheImagistMovement(Imagism)LedbyEzraPoundflourishedfrom1909to1917themovementadvancedmodernisminartswhichconcentratedonrefmingthemediumofpoetryasopposedtoRomanticismespeciallyTennysonswd

12、inesshighflownlanguageinpoetry.ThethreeprinciplesfollowedbytheImagistswere:(1)“Directtreatment“(2)“EconomyofExpression“(3)“Rhythm“symbolismSymbolismiginatesinFranceinthedle19thcentury.ThepoetrycollectionTheFlowersofEvilb

13、ytheFrenchpoetlesBaudelaireisarepresentativewkofthisgenre.Symbolismtriestoexpressthedreamymysteriousinnerwldofthewriter.StreamofconsciousnessStreamofconsciousnessbeginsinthe1920’sinBritain.Itisapsychologicaltermindicatin

14、g“thefluxofconscioussubconsciousthoughtsimpressionsmovinginthemindatanygiventimeindependentlyoftheperson’swill”.Inlate19thcenturytheliterarydeviceof“interimonologue”wasiginatedinFranceasanapplicationofmodernpsychological

15、knowledgetoliterarycreation.Inthe20thcenturyundertheinfluenceofFreud’stheyofpsychologicalanalysisanumberofwritersadoptedthe“streamofconsciousness”methodofnovelwriting.Thestrikingfeatureofthesenovelistsistheirgivingpreced

16、encetothedepictionoftheacters’mentalemotionalreactionstoexternaleventsratherthantheeventsthemselves.(tobecontinued)Freeverse:afmofpoetrywithoutrhymemeterregularlinelengthregularstanzaicstructure.Itdependsonnaturalspeechf

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