英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)時(shí)態(tài)

1、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法1——基礎(chǔ)時(shí)態(tài)基礎(chǔ)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)（Tense）是表示行為、動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)在各種時(shí)間條件下的動(dòng)詞形式。因此，當(dāng)我們說(shuō)時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)候，指的是相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)下的動(dòng)詞形式。英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)分為16種：一般現(xiàn)在、一般過(guò)去、一般將來(lái)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，以及這四者的進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。1.1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法：A)表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、情況、狀態(tài)和特征。B)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。C)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。例：Healwayshelpsothers.（他總是

2、幫助別人。）D)客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，則無(wú)法保持主句、從句時(shí)態(tài)一致。Mr.Mr.LeeLeetoldtoldhishisstudentsstudentsthetheearlyearlybirdbird(catch)(catch)thethewm.wm.E)表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，（僅限于某些表示“來(lái)、去、動(dòng)、停、開(kāi)始、結(jié)束、繼續(xù)”等的動(dòng)詞）可以與表示未來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)搭配使用。常見(jiàn)的用法是

3、：飛機(jī)、火車(chē)、輪船、汽車(chē)等定期定點(diǎn)運(yùn)行的交通方式。例：Thenexttrainleavesat3oclockthisafternoon.（下一趟火車(chē)今天下午3點(diǎn)開(kāi)車(chē)。）Howoftendoesthisshuttlebusrun（這班車(chē)多久一趟？）例：例：IfIftraffictrafficproblemsproblemswillwillnotnotbebesolvedsolvedsoonsoondrivingdrivinginincit

4、iescitieswillwillbecomebecomeimpossible.impossible.B)表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或情況，并且有可能會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。此時(shí)經(jīng)常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用sincesince加一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，或加一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，或ff加一段時(shí)間，或加一段時(shí)間，或byby加一個(gè)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間加一個(gè)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間。例1：GreatGreatasasNewtonNewtonwaswasmanymanyofof

5、hishisideasideas______________________todaytodayarearebeingbeingmodifiedmodifiedbybythethewkwkofofscientistsscientistsofofourourtime.time.A)A)arearetotochallengechallengeC)C)havehavebeenbeenchallengedchallengedB)B)maymay

6、bebechallengedchallengedD)D)arearechallengingchallenging例2.2.I’mI’mgladgladthatthatPeterPeterdecideddecidedtotocomecometotothethepartypartybecausebecausewewe__________himhimffseveralseveralyears.years.A.A.haven’thaven’ts

7、eenseenB.B.don’tdon’tseeseeC.C.didn’tdidn’tseenseenD.D.hadn’thadn’tseenseen例3.3.HeHe________withwithSmithSmithatatleastleastfourfourtimestimesininthethepastpasttwotwoyears.years.A.A.hashasbeenbeenseenseentotomeetmeetB.B.

8、waswasseenseentotomeetmeetC.C.hadhadbeenbeenseenseenmeetingmeetingD.D.isisseenseenmeetingmeetingUntilUntil(till(tillupupto)to)nownowupuptotothethepresentpresentsosofarfarinin(f(foveroverduring)during)thethepastpast(last(

9、lastrecent)recent)fewfew(several(severaltwo…)two…)monthsmonths(years…)(years…)等短語(yǔ)等短語(yǔ)E.g.E.g.PerhapsPerhapshehehashasmademadesomesomefriendsfriendsbybynownow.SoSofarfarwewehavehaveonlyonlydiscusseddiscussedthethefirstfirs

10、tfivefivechapters.chapters.HeHe__________FuzhouFuzhoufffivefiveyears.years.A.A.hashascomecometotoB.B.hashasbeenbeenininC.C.hashasarrivedarrivedD.D.hashasgonegonetotogogocomecomearrivearrivediedieleaveleave等HeHehashascome

11、comebackbackffthreethreeweeks.weeks.HeHecamecamebackbackthreethreeweeksweeksago.ago.HeHehashasbeenbeenbackbackffthreethreeweeks.weeks.TheThewriterwriterhashasdieddiedfftwotwoyears.years.TheThewriterwriterhashasbeenbeende

12、addeadfftwotwoyears.years.TheThewriterwriterdieddiedtwotwoyearsyearsago.ago.C)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作或情況。ItItisisuselessuselesstototrytrytototalktalktotohim.him.HeHe_______._______.A.A.hadhadjustjustfaintedfaintedB.isB.isjus

13、tjustfaintingfaintingC.C.hashasjustjustfaintedfaintedD.D.hashasjustjustfaintingfainting注意事項(xiàng)注意事項(xiàng)A)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是聯(lián)系過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的紐帶?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別在于：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的動(dòng)態(tài)，或受動(dòng)態(tài)的影響，是動(dòng)態(tài)的結(jié)果，對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響；過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有聯(lián)系。例：Hewkedinthathospitalf8ye