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1、第1章Computersystemoverview(操作系統(tǒng)概述)I.PrereadingQuestions1.WhatisadigitalcomputerThedigitalcomputerisadigitalsystemthatperfmsvariouscomputationaltasks.Thewd“digital”impliesthattheinfmationinthecomputerisrepresentedbyvariabl

2、esthattakealimitednumberofdiscretevalues.Thesevaluesareprocessedinternallybycomponentsthatcanmaintainalimitednumberofdiscretestates.Digitalcomputerisalsocalledelectroniccomputercomputer.2.Arethereanydifferencesbetweenthe

3、binarynumbersystemthecommondecimalnumbersystemThedecimaldigitshastendigits:012…9.Thebinarynumbersystemhastwodigits:01.Thebinarynumbersuseabase2.Thedecimaldigitsuseabase10.3.HowmanytypesofcomputersdoyouknowNameatleastfour

4、ofthem.Computersareusuallyclassifiedintofourbroadcategies:microcomputersminicomputersmainframecomputerssupercomputers.IIFillinthefollowingblanks.1.Applicationsoftwareisdesignedtoaccomplishrealwldtasksinfields.2.An8bitsig

5、nedintegercanhaveanyvaluebetween1281273.Systemsoftwarecontrolsthecomputerenablesittorunthehardwareapplicationssoftware.4.Acomputersystemconsistsofhardwaresystemsoftwaresystem.5.Listfourtypesofcomputers:microcomputersmini

6、computersmainframecomputerssupercomputers.IIITrueFalse.1.Thesoftwaresystemisthephysicalequipmentthatyoucanseetouch.1.F2.TypicallyadatavalueissettozerotorepresentFALSE1valuefTRUE.2.F3.Intheearliestgeneralpurposecomputermo

7、stinputoutputmediaweremagicdisks.3.F4.Supercomputersarelargestfastestmostexpensivecomputeravailable.4.T5.Acomputersystemconsistsofhardwaresystemsoftwaresystem.5.TIVMatchingterms.1、(b)CPUTheprocessingunitisattheheartofaco

8、mputer.2、(c)bitAunitofinfmationconveyedbyasinglebinarydigit.3、(a)integratedcircuit(IC)Acompleteelectroniccircuitthatpackagestransistsotherelectroniccomponentsonasmallsiliconchip.4、(d)IIAsystemfencodingactersasbinarydigit

9、s.VTranslatingTerms.(1)codingtechniques編碼技術(shù)(2)applicationsoftware應(yīng)用軟件(3)floatingpointdata浮點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)(4)timesharing分時(shí)，分時(shí)技術(shù)(5)stagecapacities存儲容量VIChoosethebestoneofthefouranswersgiventofillineachblank.Thischapterintroducesdigita

10、lcomputerdatatypestheevolutionofcomputerstypesofcomputers.1isknowntoallit’shardtofindafieldin2computersarenotbeingused.Digitalcomputeralsocalledelectroniccomputercomputerisadigitalsystemthat3variouscomputationaltasks.Dig

11、italAcomputersystemconsistsofhardwaresystemsoftwaresystem.Thehardwareofthecomputerisusuallydividedintothreemajpartsthreeprimarysubsystems:theCPUthememysubsystemtheIOsubsystem.Thesoftwaresystemcanbedividedintotwobroadcate

12、gies:applicationsoftwaresystemsoftware..2.HowmanylevelsofmemyhierarchydoyouknowNameatleastthreeofthem.Thememyhierarchysystemconsistsofthreelevels.Theyareacachethemainmemytheauxiliarymemy.3.Identifythetypesofdatatransferm

13、odes.Datatransferhasthreemodes:programmedIOinterruptsdirectmemyaccess(DMA).IIFillinthefollowingblanks.1.ThecomputerhardwareconsistsofthreemajpartswhicharetheCPUthememysubsystemtheIOsubsystem.2.Therearetwomajtypesofmemy:R

14、omAccessMemy(RAM)ReadOnlyMemy(ROM).3.ThecachememyinpersonalcomputersisconstructedfromSRAM4.inputoutputinterface(IOinterface)providesamethodftransferringinfmationbetweeninternalstageexternalIOdevices.5.Datatransferbetween

15、thecentralcomputerIOdevicesmaybehledinavarietyofmodes.ThesemodesareprogrammedIOinterruptsdirectmemyaccess(DMA).IIITrueFalse.1.FThedatabusalwaysreceivesdatafromtheCPUtheCPUneverreadsthedatabus.2.TMainmemyholdswhateverprog

16、ramsdataareavailablefimmediateusebytheCPU.3.FDynamicRAMdoesnothavetoberefreshed.4.FDotmatrixprinterwkbysquirtingtinyletsofliquidinkatthepaper.5.FTheauxiliarymemyisverysmallrelativelyexpensivehasveryhighaccessspeed.IVMatc

17、hingterms.1、E2PROManelectricallyerasablePROM2、DMAAtransfermodethatcanbeimprovedisthetransferofdatabetweenmemyIOdevices.3、ALUTheunitwhichperfmsmostarithmeticlogicaloperations4、RAMMemythatiserasedwhenthecomputeristurnedoff

18、.V.TranslatingTerms.1.systembuses系統(tǒng)總線2.virtualmemy虛擬存儲器3.computerarchitecture計(jì)算機(jī)體系結(jié)構(gòu)4.instructionset指令集5.directmemyaccess直接存儲器存取VI.Choosethebestoneofthefouranswersgiventofillineachblank.Acomputersystem1ofhardwaresystemso

19、ftwaresystem.Thehardwareofthecomputerisusuallydividedintothreemajpartsthree2subsystems:theCPUthememysubsystemtheIO3.TheCPUismadeupofthreemajpartsRegisterSetthe4logicunitALUControlUnit.Itperfmsmanyoperationscontrolscomput

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