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1、Manipulatisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinusethecontrolobjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymaturedasmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationas

2、aseparatesubject.Manipulatapplicationbegantofilterintoweldinglogisticsmechanicalprocessingotherindustries.Especiallyathighverylowtemperaturesfullofpoisonousgaseshighradiationcaserobotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusea

3、lsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeoplesattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Labrateswkingconditionslabintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeabroadtodevelopthePLC(progr

4、ammablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesunderspecialconditionssetfmechanicaldevices.NowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologytherapiddevelopmentofthetrainsthesuccessofPLChardw

5、aresoftwaresimulationcontrolwinbigsuccessfuldevelopmentnowcontinuestodevelopasafactyautomationstards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapitalrobotshowsthisuniqueadvantagessu

6、chas:hasgoodcompatibilitywideavailabilityhardwareiscompleteprogrammingthatcanbemasteredinashttimesointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureindustryhasbeenapplieds

7、uchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmlrepeatedoperationsonthehighspeedlinethatusesaroboticarmsoon.Todaythehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatdevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinter

8、national.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisofdesignletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidationundersthassomeusuallydidntopptunitiesawarenessinwldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledg

9、ehashasmustawarenesshopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusinginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatinbothathomeabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymediumtermafte

10、ryearswithwithcomputerautomationtechnologyofdevelopmentMakesmechanicalarmontheGrstageofindustrialautomationshinegraduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstardsitsimptancecanbeseen.Nowiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproduction

11、useontheproductionlinewhichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationofmanipulatpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeaturesalthoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironmentbutcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikewe

12、ldingpaintingdeliveryaswellasfmaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationmechanicalarmsareequippedwithsenssmanipulatshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof“sense“whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differencei

13、sthattherobotbegmanipulatcontrolmodeprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2.1discussionwithmanipulatcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysdiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipmentbutalsomecommon.Mainlythe

14、setworelativelycheapyoucanmeettheoldfashionedsimple(simple)industrialequipment.Sohecanseethemnowhoweverthesetwocontrolmodes(relaydiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol(2)only

15、fthecurrentprojectthelackofcompatibility(3)notrefmingthesystemwithequipmentimprovements.SpringfthedevelopmentofChinasmodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomationcompletedthep

16、erfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhistwogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononememicroprocesss(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinsev

17、eralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)ProgrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC)(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSfsht)(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCfsht).2.1.2PLCtheIPCDCScontr

18、astcontrast1eachofthethreetechnologiesofiginsdevelopmentrequirementsffastdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethereusingahighlevelofstardizationcanusemecompatibilitytoolsisarichsoftwarer

19、esourcesespeciallytheneedfimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercaneffectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolmeetitsspeedonthevirtualmodelrealtimeincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemfindustr

20、ialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrolwhereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedintoindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectiondistributionsystemtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehlingloopcontrolhasbeguntoreflect

21、theuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopregulationbutonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecrespondingrelayneedswasbnitsmainuseinthewkdercontrolearlyprimaryisreplacedr

22、elaythishulkingsystemfocusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningderoffunctions.Markedbythemicroprocessintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemergedmicroelectronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidlypeoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtech

23、nologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis《建筑工程概預算與造價控制建筑工程概預算與造價控制》試題庫試題庫(一)(一)一判斷題判斷題(正確的在題后括號內打“√”,錯的打“”,每題1分,共10分。)1.直接工程費由人工費、材料費、施工機械使用費三部分組成。()2.工人工作時為恢復體力稍作休息的時間為非定額時間。()3.供求因果增加費屬于施工附加費。()4.鉆孔灌注樁鋼

24、筋籠工程量按施工凈用量計算,并考慮鋼筋的損耗率。()5.現(xiàn)澆砼平板是指不帶梁直接用柱支承的板。()6.甲類工程是固定資產方向調節(jié)稅稅率為0%的投資項。()7.報價最低的標底其評定價格也最低。()8.天棚面層在同一標高或不在同一標高,均為一級天棚。()9.大紅、天藍、白色、淺湖等顏色在套用油漆定額時,套淺色定額。()10.鋁合金門窗工程量按框外圍面積計算,無框門按扇外圍面積計算。()二填空題填空題(每空1分,共10分)1.施工定額是由__

25、_______定額_________定額和_________定額三部分組成。2.勞動定額根據表達方式分為____________和____________兩種。3.樓梯工程量以_____________計算與樓層相連時算至_______________。4.在建設領域的“三超“是指_________________和_________。5.招標方式一般有________________、_______________和_________

26、_____三種。6.鑲板門的門板刨光損耗:兩面加_____________毫米板枋材兩面加____________。7.有電動裝置的卷閘門高度按洞口高加________________厘米。8.附墻煙囪、垃圾道建筑面積系數_____________;凹陽臺按投影面積乘系數__________。10.圖書館的書庫有書架層的按______________計算建筑面積無書架層的按______________計算建筑面積。三單項選擇題單項選擇題

27、(每題2分,共10分)1.平整場地指原地面與設計室外地坪標高相差()厘米以內的原土找平。A.35B.30C.25D.202.外墻工程量應按()計算。A.外邊線B.中心線C.內邊線D.凈長線3.有梁板的梁成井字形,井字面積在5m2以內套用()定額。A.肋形板B.有梁板C.平板D.井字板4.裝飾工程的滿堂腳手架工程量計算中,高度每超過基本高度()m按增加一層計。A.1.0B.1.1C.1.2D.3.65.鋪花崗巖板面層工程量按()計算。A.

28、主墻間凈面積B.墻中線面積C.墻外圍面積D.墻凈面積下料系數五計算題(共20分)1某市一建筑工程每層建筑面積為500平米,共七層底層層高6.3米,其他層均為3.6米,室內外高差600mm,基礎深4米,施工采用塔吊。求:(1)綜合腳手費(2)建筑超高費(3)塔吊垂直運輸增加費(4)基礎砼運輸腳手費Manipulatisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinusethecontrolobjectivesoftenappea

29、rofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnologyhasgraduallymaturedasmatureatechnologylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatapplicationbegantofilterintoweldinglogisticsme

30、chanicalprocessingotherindustries.Especiallyathighverylowtemperaturesfullofpoisonousgaseshighradiationcaserobotinsimilarcircumstancesshowedgreatusealsobringsgreatconveniencetothestaff.Preciselybecauseofthisrobottogetpeop

31、lesattentionbegantobeahighdegreeofdevelopment.Labrateswkingconditionslabintensiveaspectsofpromotingdevelopment.BothathomeabroadtodevelopthePLC(programmablelogiccontroller)isinvariousspecialcircumstancesunderspecialcondit

32、ionssetfmechanicaldevices.NowturnedonthedevelopmentofthemicroelectronicsautomaticcontroltechnologytherapiddevelopmentofthetrainsthesuccessofPLChardwaresoftwaresimulationcontrolwinbigsuccessfuldevelopmentnowcontinuestodev

33、elopasafactyautomationstards.Becauserobotsaregooddevelopmentofthetechnologymakesagoodoptimizationofproductivecapitalrobotshowsthisuniqueadvantagessuchas:hasgoodcompatibilitywideavailabilityhardwareiscompleteprogrammingth

34、atcanbemasteredinashttimesointhecontextofindustrialPLCapplicationsbecameubiquitous.Manipulatinmanydevelopedcountryagricultureindustryhasbeenappliedsuchastheuseofmechanicalharvestinglargeareasoffarmlrepeatedoperationsonth

35、ehighspeedlinethatusesaroboticarmsoon.Todaythehighlevelofautomationcombinedwithrestrictionsonthemanipulatdevelopmentlevelisslightlylowerthantheinternational.ThedesignismainlyarmweldingmachinebyPLCAutomationcontrol.Thisof

36、designletdesignersoninschoolbylearnofhasamustofconsolidationundersthassomeusuallydidntopptunitiesawarenessinwldrangewithinsomeleadinglevelofknowledgehashasmustawarenesshopedesignerscaninyihouofdesigninthecansuccessofusin

37、ginthisdesignintheproceedsofexperience1.2manipulatinbothathomeabroadofresearchprofileautomationmechanicalarmresearchbeganYu20thcenturymediumtermafteryearswithwithcomputerautomationtechnologyofdevelopmentMakesmechanicalar

38、montheGrstageofindustrialautomationshinegraduallybecameanindustrialevaluationstardsitsimptancecanbeseen.Nowiginalroboticarmspentmostofmassproductionuseontheproductionlinewhichisprogrammedroboticarm.Asthefirstgenerationof

39、manipulatpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeaturesalthoughnotbackseveralgenerationsthatcandetecttheexternalenvironmentbutcanstillsuccessfullycompletelikeweldingpaintingdeliveryaswellasfmaterialssimplemovements.Secondgenerationm

40、echanicalarmsareequippedwithsenssmanipulatshavetheenvironmentthereisacertainamountof“sense“whenthemechanicalarmistousetheprogramasabasis.Differenceisthattherobotbegmanipulatcontrolmodeprogrammablecontrollersintroduction2

41、.1discussionwithmanipulatcontrol2.1.1classificationofcontrolrelaysdiscreteelectroniccircuitcancontrololdindustrialequipmentbutalsomecommon.Mainlythesetworelativelycheapyoucanmeettheoldfashionedsimple(simple)industrialequ

42、ipment.Sohecanseethemnowhoweverthesetwocontrolmodes(relaydiscreteelectroniccircuits)arethesefatalflaws:(1)cannotadapttothecomplexlogiccontrol(2)onlyfthecurrentprojectthelackofcompatibility(3)notrefmingthesystemwithequipm

43、entimprovements.SpringfthedevelopmentofChinasmodernindustrialautomationtechnologythesubstantialincreaseinthelevelofindustrialautomationcompletedtheperfectrelayofthecomputertoomuch.Intermsofcontrollingthecomputershowedhis

44、twogreatadvantages:(1)eachofthehardwarecanbeinstalledononememicroprocesss(2)theofficialdesignerofthesoftwarewritingcontentcontrolisallabout.Nowinseveralwaysinthecontextofindustrialautomationcanoftenbeseeninthreeways:(1)P

45、rogrammableLogicalController(referredtoasIPC)(2)DistributedControlSystem(DCSfsht)(3)theProgrammableLogicalController(PLCfsht).2.1.2PLCtheIPCDCScontrastcontrast1eachofthethreetechnologiesofiginsdevelopmentrequirementsffas

46、tdataprocessingmakesitinventedthecomputer.Themenbroughtintermsofhardwarethereusingahighlevelofstardizationcanusemecompatibilitytoolsisarichsoftwareresourcesespeciallytheneedfimmediacyinoperationalsystems.Sothecomputercan

47、effectivelycontrolisusedtocontrolmeetitsspeedonthevirtualmodelrealtimeincomputationalrequirements.Distributedsystemstartedwithacontrolsystemfindustrialautomaticinstrumentusedtocontrolwhereasnowitissuccessfullydevelopedin

48、toindustrialcontrolcomputerusedasacentralcollectiondistributionsystemtransitionofdistributedcontrolsysteminanaloguehlingloopcontrolhasbeguntoreflecttheuseofahugeadvantage.Thoughdistributedsystemhasgreatadvantagesinloopre

49、gulationbutonlyasameansofcontinuousprocesscontrol.OptimizationofPLCisthecrespondingrelayneedswasbnitsmainuseinthewkdercontrolearlyprimaryisreplacedrelaythishulkingsystemfocusedontheswitchcontrollingtherunningderoffunctio

50、ns.Markedbythemicroprocessintheearly1970ofthe20thcenturyemergedmicroelectronicstechnologyhasdevelopedrapidlypeoplesoonmicroelectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbeusedintheProgrammableLogicalController(thatis6、預算定額的計量單位一般根據

51、或的特征及變化規(guī)律來確定。7、建筑工程概算指標是一種用或或為計量單位,以整個建筑物為依據編制的定額。8、是反映一定時期由于價格變化對工程造價影響程度的一種指標。9、基本建設是人們將一定的物質財富及資源轉化為所進行的建設工作。10、平屋面無天棚的內墻高度為自設計室內地坪至或,并扣除板厚。11、鋼筋砼基礎深度超過米時,應計算運輸腳手架,按滿堂腳手架基本層定額乘計算。12、設計概算是根據和、概算定額、費用定額指標等資料,計算建設工程全部費用。

52、13、腳手架工程無法按進行“兩算”對比,只能用進行對比。14、建筑領域的“三亂”是指、、。三、單項選擇題三、單項選擇題(在每小題的四個備選答案中,選出一個正確答案,并將正確答案的號碼填在題中的括號內。每小題1分,共12分)1、()的定義為:在合理的勞動組織和合理使用材料和機械的條件下,完成單位合格產品所消耗的資源數量標準。A、定額B、定額水平C、勞動定額D、材料定額2、工人工作時間分析中,非定額時間的內容不包括()。A、多余或偶然工作時

53、間B、休息時間C、停工時間D、違反勞動紀律的時間3、當時間定額減少15%時,產量定額增加幅度為()。A、13.04B、11.11C、17.65D、9.104、材料消耗定額中用以表示周轉材料的消耗量是指該周轉材料的()。A、一次使用量B、回收量C、周轉使用量D、攤銷量5、C&F表示的是進口設備的()。A、離岸價B、目的港船邊交貨價C、離岸運輸價D、到岸價6、下列哪項不屬于索賠費用項目()。A、分包費B、保險費C、保證金D、稅金7、由建設單

54、位供應的材料,施工單位按采購保管費的()收取保管費。A、30%B、50%C、70%D、90%8、底層框架填充墻高度為()。A、自室內地坪至框架梁頂B、自室內地坪至框架梁底C、自室內地坪算至上層屋面板或樓板項面,扣板厚D、自室內地坪至上層屋面板成樓板底面加10cm9、平整場地是指原地面與設計室外地坪標高平均相差()厘米以內的原上找平。A、30B、35C、10D、2010、30元寶鋼筋長度計算,其斜邊增加值按梁高(板厚)乘系數()。A、0.

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