初中被動(dòng)語態(tài)語法講解

1、1初中被動(dòng)語態(tài)語法講解一、英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài).，主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主動(dòng))Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被動(dòng))漢語中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示被動(dòng)，而英語用：助動(dòng)詞be及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化主要體現(xiàn)在b

2、e的變化上，其形式與系動(dòng)詞be的變化形式完全一樣。常見的幾種時(shí)態(tài)中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：amisaredonePeoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.一般過去時(shí)：wasweredohestudentsdidntfgethislessonseasily.Hislessonswerenoteasilyfgotten一般將來時(shí)：shallwi

3、llbedoneTheywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Carswillbesentabroadbysea.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：amisarebeingdoneWearepaintingtherooms.Theroomsarebeingpainted.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：waswerebeingdohewkersweremendingtheroad.Theroadwasbeingmended.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：havehasbeendoneH

4、ehasbroughthisbookhere.Hisbookhasbeenbroughthere.過去完成時(shí)：hadbeendone3注意：1.一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞to，如：bringgivehlendofferpasspaypromisesellshowtaketeachtell等。(1)Thebookwasshowedtotheclass。(2)Mybikewaslenttoher.2.一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，間接賓語前

5、用介詞f如：buildbuycookcutchoosedofetchfindfixgetkeepmakederpaintplaysing等。(1)Anewskirtwasmadefme.(2)Themeatwascookedfus.(3)Somecountrymusicwasplayedfus.3.由動(dòng)詞介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉。這類動(dòng)詞有：agreetoaskfl

6、aughatoperatedonlistentolookafterthinkoftalkabout：bringaboutcarryoutfindoutgiveuphinmakeoutpassonpointoutputawayputoffthinkoverturndownwkoutturnout等。Theproblemissolved.Itneedntbetalkedabout.Thesptsmeetwillbeputoffbecause

7、ofthebadweather4.帶復(fù)合賓語(賓語賓補(bǔ))的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，一般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補(bǔ)足語保留在謂語動(dòng)詞后面。如：(1)Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.→Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.(2)Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.→Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.注意：在seewatch

8、hearnoticelistentolookatmakefeel等動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶to，但改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后都帶to，這時(shí)不定式為主語補(bǔ)足語，也就是說不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語不存在省略to的問題。Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.5.當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的主語是nobodynoone等含有否定意義的不定代詞時(shí)，被動(dòng)句中將其變?yōu)閍nybody作by的賓語，并