【優(yōu)化方案】2014英語（新課標(biāo)版）一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專項(xiàng)突破——并列句和狀語從句

1、并列句和狀語從句,,本節(jié)目錄,,語法精講考點(diǎn)整合,,語法專練知能闖關(guān),考點(diǎn)一　并列句并列句由兩個或兩個以上并列而又獨(dú)立的簡單句構(gòu)成。在并列句中，這些簡單句由并列連詞連在一起。常用的并列句如下：1．表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：用來表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的并列連詞有and，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，not...but...等。 He had plenty of money and he spent it f

2、reely. 他有足夠的錢，可以隨便花。 Not only did he speak more correctly，but also he spoke more easily. 他不僅說得更正確，而且說得更輕松。,2．表選擇關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有or，either...or...，otherwise等。Either you are right，or I am.要么你對，要么我對。Don’t drive so fast or

3、/otherwise you’ll have an accident.不要開那么快，否則你會出事的。3．表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有but，yet，whereas，while等。Jane said she was ill，yet I saw her in the street just now.簡說她病了，但剛才我在街上看到了她。Some men are rich，while/whereas others are poor.

4、一些人很富有但其他人很貧窮。,4．表因果關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有so，for。It must have rained last night for it is wet all over.昨晚一定下雨了，到處都這么濕。The shops were closed so I didn’t get any milk.商店都關(guān)門了，所以我沒買到牛奶。5．when還可用作并列連詞，其意義為“那時，這時”，相當(dāng)于and at this/tha

5、t time。常用于下列句式：①sb.was doing sth.when...②sb.was about to/going to do/on the point of doing sth.when...③sb.had just done sth.when...。,We were having a meeting when someone broke in.我們正在開會，這時突然有人闖了進(jìn)來。We were about to set

6、 off when it suddenly began to rain.我們正打算動身，突然下起了雨。6．while作為并列連詞，意為“而，卻”，表示對比。He likes pop music，while I am fond of folk music.他喜歡流行音樂，而我喜歡民間音樂。,【典例】　(2012·高考四川卷)At school，some students are active ________ some

7、are shy，yet they can be good friends with one another.A．while　　　　　　　　　B．a(chǎn)lthoughC．so D．a(chǎn)s【解析】　選A。本題考查連詞。句意：在學(xué)校里，一些學(xué)生是活躍的，而一些學(xué)生是靦腆的，然而他們彼此之間可以成為好朋友。some students are active與some

8、 are shy為對比關(guān)系，故選A項(xiàng)，while可以連接并列分句，表對比?！疽族e剖析】　本題容易誤選D，將后半部分理解成了讓步狀語從句，讓步狀語從句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是上下文的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，重在轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容，而本句子重在前后兩句的對比。,觸類旁通1．(2013·安徽鳳陽藝榮高考輔導(dǎo)學(xué)校第一次月考)Smile，________ you will find life will smile at you.A．till　　　　　　　　　B．so

9、C．a(chǎn)nd D．or解析：選C。句意：“(對生活)微笑，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)生活也會對你微笑”。前后文是并列關(guān)系。2．(2013·北京市門頭溝育園中學(xué)高三月考)I think John will make a good monitor，______ I wouldn’t like to vote for him.A．but

10、 B．soC．or D．for解析：選C。句意：我認(rèn)為約翰會成為一位很好的班長，否則我也不會投他的票。,3．(2013·安徽合肥一中高三第一次階段性考試)We had just covered a distance of three miles ________ the engine ________ and the car

11、came to a stop.A．then；was broken B．when；broke downC．until；was failed D．since；burst out解析：選B。句中when是并列連詞“就在這/那時(突然發(fā)生了另外一件事)”。,考點(diǎn)二　地點(diǎn)狀語從句1．引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的從屬連詞where，wherever指具體地點(diǎn)時，從句可用于主句之前或之

12、后；表示抽象條件的含義時，從句須放在主句之前。如：We should go where the Party needs us most.我們應(yīng)到黨最需要我們的地方去。The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and waited for her mother.那個迷路的小女孩決定待在原地等她母親。Keep in touch with your fa

13、mily members wherever you are in the world.不管你在世界上的什么地方，都要跟家人保持聯(lián)系。,2．地點(diǎn)狀語從句在句首時常兼有抽象條件意味。Where there is a will，there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Wherever there is smoke，there is a fire.無火不生煙。(無風(fēng)不起浪。)3．注意區(qū)分where引導(dǎo)的定語從句與狀語從句：你最

14、好在有問題的地方做一下標(biāo)記。You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.(狀語從句)You’d better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.(定語從句),【典例】　(2012·高考四川卷)If you happen to get lost in the wild，you’d bett

15、er stay ________ you are and wait for help.A．why B．whereC．who D．what【解析】　選B。本題考查地點(diǎn)狀語從句。句意：如果你碰巧在野外迷路了，你最好待在原處等待救援。stay為不及物動詞，表示“待在某處”，后需接地點(diǎn)狀語，故用w

16、here引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句?！疽族e剖析】　本題容易誤選C或D。把從句分析成了賓語從句，認(rèn)為從句中缺少表語,所以用what或who，這樣的話,句子的意義就講不通了。,觸類旁通1．(2012·東阿縣一中高三九月測試)You should make it a rule to leave things ________ you can find them again.A．when

17、 B．whereC．then D．there解析：選B?？疾闋钫Z從句。狀語從句Where you can find them again修飾動詞短語leave things。句意：把東西放在你能再次找到的地方。故B項(xiàng)正確。,2．(2013·南京大學(xué)教育專修學(xué)院高三月考)Is there a bookshop around ________I can

18、 buy an English and Chinese dictionary?A．which B．whereC．that D．what解析：選A。這是一個“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞bookshop。句意：有沒有一個我可以買到一本英漢詞典的書店？,3．(2013·江蘇省揚(yáng)州中學(xué)質(zhì)量檢

19、測)There he was，standing exactly ________ I had left him，smiling proudly.A．when B．thatC．in which D．where解析：選D。這是一個地點(diǎn)狀語從句，說明動詞stand的地點(diǎn)，所以用where。,考點(diǎn)三　時間狀語從句1．

20、when，while和as when引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞既可以是延續(xù)性動詞，也可以是非延續(xù)性動詞；while引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性的，側(cè)重主句動作和從句動作的對比；as引導(dǎo)的從句的謂詞動詞可以是延續(xù)性動詞，也可以是非延續(xù)性動詞，有“隨著”之意，多用于主從句動作的同時發(fā)生。When I lived there，I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.我住在那里時，星期天常到海濱去。,

21、Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.別人在工作時，請別高聲談話。He hurried home，looking behind as he went.他匆匆忙忙回家去，一邊走一邊回頭望。As time goes on，it’s getting warmer and warmer.隨著時間的推移，天氣變得越來越暖和了。,2．a(chǎn)s soon as，immediatel

22、y，directly，the moment，the minute，no sooner...than，hardly/scarcely...when等引導(dǎo)的從句都表示從句的動作一發(fā)生，主句的動作隨即就發(fā)生，常譯為”一……就……”。The moment I heard the voice，I knew father was coming.我一聽到那個聲音，我就知道父親來了。No sooner had we arrived at the

23、station than the train left.我們一到車站，火車就離站了。The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.那男孩一見到他媽媽便放聲大哭。,3．till，until和not(...)untiltill，until引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時，主句的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞，主從句都為肯定式，意為“某動作一直延續(xù)到某一時間才停止”。not (...) un

24、til引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時，主句的謂語動詞必須是非延續(xù)性動詞，從句為肯定式，意為“直到……才……”。not(...)until還可以用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句和倒裝句。You may stay here until/till the rain stops.你可以在這里待到雨停。He won’t go to bed till/until she returns.直到她回來他才睡。,4．before和since若表達(dá)“沒過……就，過了……才”之意,

25、須用連詞before,句式為“It was/will be＋時間段＋before...”；since意為“自從……”，句式為“It is/has been＋時間段＋since...”。We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.我們航行了四天四夜才看到陸地。Before I could get in a word，he had measured me.我還

26、沒來得及插話，他就給我量好了尺寸。It will be half a year before I come back.還得再過半年我才能回來。,I have written home four times since I came here.自從我來到這兒，我已經(jīng)給家里寫過四封信了。It is three years since I smoked a cigar (＝since I stopped smoking a cigar

27、)．我不吸煙有三年了。如果譯成“我吸煙有三年了”，應(yīng)為：It is three years since I began to smoke.,5．every time，each time，next time，the first time等名詞短語引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時，分別表示“每次……，下次……，第一次……”。Every/Each time I was in trouble，he would come to help me out.

28、每當(dāng)我處于困境的時候，他就會來幫助我。Next time you come，do remember to bring your son here.下次你來的時候，一定記著把你兒子帶到這兒來。The last time she saw James，he was lying in bed.上次她看見詹姆斯的時候，他正躺在床上。,【典例】　(2012·高考山東卷)He smiled politely ________ Mar

29、y apologized for her drunken friends.A．a(chǎn)s B．ifC．unless D．though【解析】　選A。本題考查狀語從句。句意：當(dāng)瑪麗因她醉酒的朋友向他道歉時，他禮貌地微笑著。四個選項(xiàng)均為連詞。if“如果”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句；unless“除非”，引導(dǎo)條

30、件狀語從句；though“雖然，盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。as可引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示主從句動作同時發(fā)生或前后緊接著發(fā)生，常常譯為“(正當(dāng))……的時候，隨著……，一邊……一邊……”，故只有as符合題意。,【易錯剖析】　本題容易誤選B。把后半句理解成主句的條件狀語，忽略了句子的時態(tài)是過去時，動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生了。,觸類旁通1．(2013·樂陵一中高三月考)—You look unhappy，my son?—I’m wonderin

31、g how long it’ll be ________we come to China again.A．since B．whenC．before D．a(chǎn)fter解析：選C。本題句意為“——兒子，怎么不高興呢？——我在想我們多久才能再來中國呢?！県ow long it’ll be before...多久后才能……

32、。,2．(2013·安徽桐城中學(xué)高三第二次月考)—How long is it ________you picked up your badminton training?—It was not until my finance became better in last December ________ I started the training.A．before；when B．u

33、ntil；thatC．that；when D．since；that解析：選D。句意：——自你重新開始羽毛球訓(xùn)練以來多長時間了？——直到去年12月我的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況好轉(zhuǎn)了我才開始訓(xùn)練。第一個空考查句型：It is＋時間段＋since...“自……以來已有多長時間了”，第二個空是not...until結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式。,3．(2013·湖南衡陽市八中高三第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測)I had jus

34、t got up and was about to cook my breakfast ________ the telephone rang loudly，but it hung up ________ I could answer it.A．while；before B．when；untilC．when；before D．a(chǎn)s；after解析：選

35、C。第一個空when是并列連詞,意為“就在這時”,第二個空before引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，意為“還沒來得及……就……”。,考點(diǎn)四　讓步狀語從句和原因狀語從句Ⅰ.讓步狀語從句1．連詞although/though(盡管，雖然)，while(盡管)，even though/even if(即使)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。She is a crazy fan of this singer.Even if she listens to his s

36、ongs hundreds of times，she will never get tired.她是這位歌星的瘋狂粉絲。即使她已經(jīng)把他的歌聽了上百遍，她也從不厭煩。,Although the police thought he was the most likely one，since they had no exact proof about it，they could not arrest him.盡管警察認(rèn)為他是最有可能的一個，

37、由于他們沒有確鑿的證據(jù)，他們就不能拘留他。While travel can broaden your mind，I don’t think it’s good idea to spend too much time and money on it.盡管旅游能夠增長見識，但是我認(rèn)為你不應(yīng)該在這方面花費(fèi)太多的時間和金錢。,2．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句多用于書面語，語序要倒裝。Difficult as the task was，they

38、managed to finish it in time.雖然這項(xiàng)任務(wù)很難，他們還是設(shè)法及時完成了。Much as I like it，I won’t buy the expensive car.盡管我很喜歡這輛車，但我不會買這么貴的車。3.whether (...or)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,提供兩個或兩個以上假設(shè)。Whether I go alone or he goes with me,the result will be t

39、he same.我自己走還是他跟我一起走結(jié)果都是相同的。4．由wh­＋ever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。Whatever happens (may happen)，don’t be surprised.＝No matter what happens (may happen)，don’t be surprised.不管發(fā)生什么都別吃驚。,Ⅱ.原因狀語從句1．引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有：because，as，since，now

40、 that，seeing that，considering that，每個連詞的含義不盡相同。,—Why are you absent from the meeting?—Because I am ill.——你為什么開會缺席？——因?yàn)槲也×恕s it is raining，we shall not go to the park.由于在下雨，我們不去公園了。Now that/Since everybody is here，

41、let’s begin our meeting.既然大家都在，我們開始開會吧。2．此外，when也可以表示原因，since“既然”；considering that“考慮到”。It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes.既然你步行5分鐘能到那里，卻打的，真夠愚蠢的。,【典例1】　(2012·高考陜西卷)Ho

42、t ________the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.A．a(chǎn)lthough B．a(chǎn)sC．while D．however【解析】　選B。本題考查as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。句意：盡管夜晚空氣燥熱，

43、我們?nèi)匀凰煤艹粒驗(yàn)殚L途旅行之后我們是那么疲乏。根據(jù)句意可知所填詞表示“盡管”之意，且引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，由此排除D項(xiàng)；另外，分析句式可以看出，讓步狀語從句中提前了表語hot，而although，while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句不倒裝，故排除A、C兩項(xiàng)；as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句必須倒裝，即將作表語的形容詞或名詞、修飾動詞的副詞或情態(tài)動詞后的動詞原形置于句首。,【易錯剖析】　本題容易誤選A或C，沒有看清although和while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從

44、句時須位 于從句的句首，只有as或though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句才能倒裝。,【典例2】　(2012·高考重慶卷)—Coach，can I continue with the training?—Sorry，you can’t ________ you haven’t recovered from the knee injury.A．until B．before

45、C．a(chǎn)s D．unless【解析】　選C。本題考查連詞。句意：“教練，我可以繼續(xù)訓(xùn)練嗎？”“抱歉，你不能，因?yàn)槟阆ドw傷還沒有恢復(fù)。”分析題意可知前后兩句有明顯的因果關(guān)系，故可選C項(xiàng)。as表原因，而A項(xiàng)until，B項(xiàng)before和D項(xiàng)unless都需后句用肯定才可與前句的you can’t相符合?！疽族e剖析】　審題時粗心大意，很容易誤認(rèn)為是not...until

46、...句型，從而誤選成A選項(xiàng)。,觸類旁通1．(2013·安徽省江南十校新高三摸底聯(lián)考)You’d better set aside some time every day for sports ________ busy you are in senior 3.A．no matter B．whateverC．even though

47、 D．however解析：選D。however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于no matter how。句意：無論你上高三有多忙，你都最好每天抽出點(diǎn)時間來鍛煉。,2．(2013·湖南省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高三第一次月考)________the peace of the countryside attracts many people, most farmers are eager to leave home and

48、escape to the city.A．While B．BecauseC．Unless D．As解析：選A。while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管，雖然”。句意：盡管鄉(xiāng)村的寧靜吸引了許多人，大部分農(nóng)民還是渴望離開家鄉(xiāng)進(jìn)城。,3．(2012·杭州蕭山區(qū)5校高三期中考試)—Some Chinese stud

49、ents find it difficult to understand native speakers when in London.—Exactly，________they’ve learned a lot about grammar and known many words.A．if only B．now thatC．a(chǎn)s if

50、 D．even if解析：選D。句意：——一些中國學(xué)生發(fā)覺在倫敦很難聽懂當(dāng)?shù)厝苏f話?！沁@樣，即使他們學(xué)了很多語法和懂得很多單詞。even if“即使”。,4．(2013·安徽合肥八中高三第一次月考)The children look lighthearted ________the final exam is over.A．now that

51、 B．a(chǎn)s far asC．up till D．even though解析：選A。now that引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，意為“既然，由于”。,考點(diǎn)五　條件狀語從句和方式狀語從句1．引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞有：if，unless (＝if...not)(除非)，so (as) long as (只要)，in case (萬一)，on condition that (條件是)，su

52、pposing (that)(假設(shè))，provided/providing (that)(假如)等。You’ll fail the exam unless you study hard (＝if you don’t study hard)．除非你努力學(xué)習(xí)，否則你考試會不及格的。As long as you don’t lose heart，you will succeed.你只要不灰心，就會成功。,Suppose/Supposi

53、ng (that) they refuse us，who else can we turn to for help?假如他們拒絕了我們，我們還能求助于誰？In case there is a fire，what will we do first?萬一發(fā)生火災(zāi)，我們首先做什么？2．引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的連詞有：as，as if，as though等，多放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引導(dǎo)的從句一般用虛擬語氣，但如果從句

54、中所陳述的情況很可能實(shí)現(xiàn)，也可用陳述語氣。He is unhappy，though/although he has a lot of money.雖然他很有錢，但他并不幸福。,Although/Though it was raining hard，yet they went on playing football.雖然雨下得很大，但他們還是繼續(xù)踢足球。Even though/if it is raining，we’ll go t

55、here.(陳述語氣)即使下雨，我們也要去那里。Even if I were busy，I would go.(虛擬語氣)即使忙，我也得去。Child as/though he is，he knows a lot.盡管他是孩子，但他懂得很多。Much as/though I like it，I won’t buy it，for it’s too expensive.雖然我很喜歡它，但我不會買，因?yàn)樗F了。,【典例】　(20

56、12·高考江西卷)You can borrow my car ________ you promise not to drive too fast.A．unless B．even ifC．in case D．a(chǎn)s long as【解析】　選D?？疾闋钫Z從句。unless除非，如果不。如果用unless，那么句意前后矛

57、盾；even if即使，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；in case以防，萬一，引導(dǎo)目的、條件狀語從句；as/so long as只要，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，符合句意和語境。句意：只要你承諾不開得太快，你就可以借用我的車。【易錯剖析】　本題容易誤選A。原因是只分析出了這是一個條件狀語從句，而沒有確切理解句意，從句是個否定句,再用unless＝if not，雙重否定，就成肯定意義了。,觸類旁通1．(2013·云南第一次高中畢業(yè)生復(fù)習(xí)統(tǒng)一檢測

58、)Roger had a GPS device fitted in his car ________he lost his way in the city.A．so that B．now thatC．in case D．a(chǎn)s if解析：選C。句意：Roger讓人在車上安裝了GPS設(shè)備，以防在城市迷路。in case引導(dǎo)條

59、件狀語從句，表示“以防，萬一”，符合語意。,2．(2013·安徽皖南八校聯(lián)考)________ the organizers of “Love Parade 2010”，a music festival in Germany，did not ignore the warning that Duisburg was not a suitable place for the Love Parade，the terrible sta

60、mpede (蜂擁) can be avoided.A．Supposing B．UnlessC．Provide D．In case that解析：選A。句意：杜伊斯堡并不是一個適合舉辦“Love Parade”的地方，如果德國“Love Parade 2010”音樂節(jié)的組織者沒有忽視這個警告的話,這個踩踏事件是可以避免的。

61、supposing＝provided＝providing＝if，它們均表示條件。所以選A。,考點(diǎn)六　目的狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句1．引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞有：so that，in order that，for fear (that)，in case，lest等。I’ll speak slowly so that you can understand me.我會慢慢說，以便你能懂。In order that we might see

62、 the sunrise，we started for the peak early.為了能看到日出，我們很早就出發(fā)去了山頂。Mary didn’t want to get out of bed，for fear that she might wake her baby (up)．瑪麗不想起床，擔(dān)心吵醒她的寶寶。Take your raincoat，in case it rains.帶上雨衣吧，以防下雨。,如：Mike is

63、 such an honest worker that we all believe him.＝Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.邁克是一個如此誠實(shí)的工人，以至于我們都相信他。It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天氣如此晴朗，以至于我們都想去公園。He earned so lit

64、tle money that he couldn’t support his family.他掙這么少錢，以至于養(yǎng)不起家。,【典例】　(2011·高考上海卷)The police officers in our city work hard ________ the rest of us can live a safe life.A．in case B．a(chǎn)s if

65、C．in order that D．only if【解析】　選C?？疾檫B接詞組。句意：警察努力工作是為了讓我們過上安全的生活。in order that含義為“為了”，引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句?！疽族e剖析】　本題容易誤選D。句意正好理解反了，我們過上安全的生活是警察努力工作的目的而非條件。,觸類旁通1．(2013·棗莊三中西校高三檢測)They got up very early that

66、morning ________they wouldn’t miss the first bus.A．in case B．a(chǎn)s ifC．so that D．even though解析：選C。從句不耽誤第一班車是主句早起的目的，所以用so that“目的是，以便于”。,2．(2013·阜陽一中高三第一次月考)Liu Xian

67、g had a painful and helpless expression on his face，________he was expecting trouble.A．even though B．a(chǎn)s thoughC．so that D．now that解析：選B。as though＝as if 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。句意：劉翔臉上流露出痛苦無

68、助的表情仿佛他已預(yù)料到麻煩。,3．(2012·成都部分高中高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測)My suitcase was damaged on the journey home，________ the lid would not stay closed.A．so that B．in order thatC．a(chǎn)s though D．no