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1、AnEvaluationofKVMfUseinCloudComputingM.FENNM.A.MURPHYJ.MARTINS.GOASGUENClemsonUniversityInthispaperwedescribeavirtualclusterbasedontheKernelbasedVirtualMachine(KVM)asanalternativetoVMWareXen.Specicallyweshowhowthevirtual

2、clusterisbuilttailedtotvirtualganizations.ThetechniquepresentedinthispaperknownastheVirtualganizationClusterModelshowsgreatpotentialfcloudcomputing.InourimplementationweusedaminimalistinstallationofSlackwareLinux12on14co

3、mputenodesensuringminimalhostoverhead.OurprototypeVirtualganizationClusteriscomposedof28virtualcomputesnodeseachrunningCentOS5.1withCondMPI.Resultsoftestingtheprototypewereencouragingwiththeexceptionofwkperfmance.Categie

4、sSubjectDes:C.4[ComputerSystemsganization]:PerfmanceofSystemsDesignstudiesPerfmanceattributesC.2.4[ComputerCommunicationwks]:DistributedSystemsGeneralTerms:DesignExperimentationMeasurementPerfmanceAdditionalKeyWdsPhrases

5、:VirtualMachinesKVMHighPerfmanceComputing1.INTRODUCTIONAcurrentprobleminscienticcomputingisthattheexpertiseneededtodeploymaintainaclusterremainsscarcedespiterecentdeclinesinhardwarecosts.Smallerresearchgroupsmaynotbeable

6、toadtohavetheirownclusterspurchasingtimeonanexistingclusterraisesconcernssuchasvendlockindatasecurity.Inthispaperwepresentacloudcomputingmodelwhichdenesaminimumspecicationfacomputecluster.Thisclusterssolepurposeistohosto

7、thercomputeclustersthroughvirtualization.InthiswayaVirtualizationServiceProvider(VSP)cansellcomputepowerwithouthavingtodirectlymaintaineachendusersparticularapplication.SimilarlyVirtualganizations(VOs)canpurchasecomputep

8、owerfromVSPswithouthavingtowryabouthardwaresoftwarecompatibility.AVOisfreetodevelopamodelclusterlocallyperhapsevenonapersonalwkstationtestitAuthsaddress:SchoolofComputingClemsonUniversityClemsonSC296340974USA.mfennmamurp

9、hjim.martinsebgoa@cs.clemson.eduThismaterialisbaseduponwksupptedunderaNationalScienceFoundationGraduateResearchFellowship.Permissiontomakedigitalhardcopyofallpartofthismaterialwithoutfeefpersonalclassroomuseprovidedthatt

10、hecopiesarenotmadedistributedfprotcommercialadvantagetheACMcopyrightservernoticethetitleofthepublicationitsdateappearnoticeisgiventhatcopyingisbypermissionoftheACMInc.Tocopyotherwisetorepublishtopostonserverstoredistribu

11、tetolistsrequiresprispecicpermissionafee.c?20YYACM1529378520YY07000001$5.00ACMTransactionsonComputationalLogicVol.VNo.NMonth20YYPages10.AnEvaluationofKVMfUseinCloudComputing3TableI.KVMvs.XenKVMXenType1HypervisType2Hyperv

12、isHostisaprivilegedguestHostdirectlyonhardwareUnprivilegedguestsGuestshaveuserprivilegesx86ringabstractionUNIXprocessabstractionParavirtualizedguestsUnmodifiedguests2.1KernelbasedVirtualMachine(KVM)TheKernelbasedVirtualM

13、achine(KVM)isaType2hypervismaintainedbyQumraInc[Habib2008][Qumra2006].KVMisbasedontheQEMUemulatderivesallitsmanagementtoolsfromQEMU.ThemainfocusofKVMdevelopmentistousethex86VTextensionswhichallowvirtualmachinestomakesyst

14、emcalls[vanDon2006].KVMversionsnewerthanKVM62havesupptfparavirtualizedLinuxguestsbutwedidnotutilizethiscapabilityinourinitialprototype.KVMusesasetofLinuxkernelmodulestoprovideVTsuppt.KVMcanrunonastockLinuxkernelthatis:(a

15、)newenough(b)hashadtheKVMmodulesbuiltfit.IncontrastXenrequiresaheavilypatchedLinuxkernelonwhichdevelopmentlagsbehindthemainlinekernel.KVMsupptstheQEMUCopyonwrite(QCOW)diskimagefmatallowingittosupptasnapshotmodefitsdiskIO

16、operations.Insnapshotmodealldiskwritesaredirectedtoatemparylechangesarenotpersistedtotheiginaldiskimagele.MultipleVMscanberunfromonediskimagesomewhatmitigatingthehugestagerequirementsassociatedwithhostingagridofVMs[Keahe

17、yetal.2004].DestroyingavirtualclusterisassimpleassendingSIGKILLtoeachhypervisdeletingtheimagefromdisk.KVMsupptsthestardLinuxTUNTAPmodelfEtherbridging.ByusingthismodeleachVMgetsitsownwkingresourcesmakingitindistinguishabl

18、efromaphysicalmachine.2.2VirtualComputeNodesCentraltotheVirtualganizationClusterModel(VOCM)istheVirtualganizationCluster(VOC)whichiscomposedofVirtualComputeNodes(VCN).EachVirtualganization(VO)thatwishestoutilizethecomput

19、efacilitiesprovidedbyaVirtualizationServiceProvider(VSP)mustprovideaVMimagesetofVMimagesalongwithsomegeneralcongurationparameters.SinceeachimagewillpotentiallybeusedtospawnmultipleVMsthecongurationofeachimagemustnotmakea

20、nyassumptionsaboutthetypeofwking(hardwareinterface)hostnamesystemspeciccongurationsettings.Insteaddynamicwkingcongurationshouldbeused.Onceahostnamehasbeenobtaineddynamiccongurationbaseduponthehostnameisallowed.OurmodelVO

21、CwasbuiltfromtwoVCNseachwithCentOS5.1installed.CentOSprovidessubstantialoutoftheboxsupptfclustercomputingapplicationsalongwithitscousinRedHatEnterpriseLinuxiswidelysupptedinthescientichighperfmancecomputingcommunities.Th

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