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1、OXIDESCALEMICROSTRUCTUREACTERISTICSOFHOTROLLEDLOWCARBONSTEELBYAFMJianLiXinxingXiao（R&DCenterBaoshanIron&SteelCo.LTD.Shanghai201900China）ABSTRACT:AtomicFceMicroscopy(AFM)hasbeenusedtostudytheoxidescaleprofilesofhotrolledl

2、owcarbonsteel.HighresolutionimagesshowcleardoublelayeredstructureofthescalesbyMagicFceMicroscopy(MFM).Xraydiffraction(XRD)identifiedthephasecompositionofthescale.ThemostsignificantfindingisthatAFMcandisplayimageofthegrai

3、nconfigurationofwustite.Themechanicalpropertiespicklingperiodsofthescalesdependstronglyonthemicrostructureofthescales.Keywds:AFMhotrolledoxidescale0.INTRODUCTIONItisknownthattheoxidescalefmedonrollingrolledprocessinairco

4、mprisesthreelayersnamelyathinoutermostlayerofhematite(Fe2O3)anintermediatemagite(Fe3O4)layerathickinnerwustite(FeO)layer.Theintervalsfoxidationofsteelarefromhalfasecondtoseveralminutesinahotrollingprocess.Thethreelayered

5、structureisunstableatlowertemperatures.Duringhotrollingofsteelthescalesaffectthefrictionalconditionswhichresultsinchangesintherequiredrollfcespowerconsumptionsurfacequality.Ontheotherhthescalecanalsoinfluencetheheattrans

6、ferbehaviourofthestripwire.Meoveritcanalsoinfluencethemechanicalpropertiesthepicklingtimeofscaleswhichaffectedgreatlythesucceedingmanufactureprocess.Unftunatelyitisnoteasytoobserveoxidescalebehaviourdirectlyunderindustri

7、alwkingconditionsneitherinlabaty.Indertoevaluatetheeffectoftheoxidescalefsteelstrip(wire)somepreviousresearchershaveanalyzedthemicrostructureaspapersin[12].Themostcommonlytoolsfstudyingmicrostructureofoxidescaleareoptica

8、lmicroscope(OM)scanningelectronmicroscope(SEM)transmissionelectronmicroscope(TEM).AsanemergingimptanttoolfmicrostructureanalysisAFMisfirstusedtoanalyzethescalesprofilesofthesteel.TheadvantagesofusingAFMtostudymaterialsar

9、elistedasbelow:?Extremelyhighmagnification:Magnificationsisupto1000000X.?Threedimensionalsurfacetopograph:ComparewithothermicroscopesAFMFig.1ScalestructuresofSample1byOM(500X)Afteroxidizingathightemperaturethencoolingatr

10、ateof30oCminFig.2FourimagesabcdofSample1(Crosssectionofthewire)byAFM.Thedataareobtainedsimultaneouslyafterpolishingetching.Greenlineindicatestheprofilequantitieschangebyrightts.a(upleft):Thetopographyimageshowsthescalela

11、yerdifferenceinheightafteretchingobviouslytheouterlayerofthescaleishigherthaninnerlayer.Itisthedirectevidencethattheouterlayerismeetchresistant.Themostsignificantresultexhibitsthatthegrainconfigurationofwustitelayerpoint

12、edbytheblackarrow.TheresultscancombinewiththeresultsbyEBSDtechnique[13].b(upright):Simultaneitythephaseimageshowssignificantphenomenonelsewhichsomespotsarefoundoninnerlayer.c(downleft):Themagicimageexhibitsthemagisminout

13、erlayerofthescalewhileinnerlayerisnotobviousmagism.d(downright):Meinfmationcanbefoundinamplitudeimage.Itisknownthatthelasthotrollingtemperatureisabout880oCthencoolingathighrate[4].Duringcoolingthescaleonthesteelwiresurfa

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