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1、Designation:B499?09(Reapproved2014)EndsedbyAmericanElectroplaters’SocietyEndsedbyNationalAssociationofMetalFinishersStardTestMethodfMeasurementofCoatingThicknessesbytheMagicMethod:NonmagicCoatingsonMagicBasisMetals1Thiss

2、tardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationB499thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearofiginaladoptioninthecaseofrevisiontheyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperepsil

3、on()indicatesaneditialchangesincethelastrevisionreapproval.ThisstardhasbeenapprovedfusebyagenciesoftheU.S.DepartmentofDefense.1.Scope1.1Thistestmethodcoverstheuseofmagicinstrumentsfthenondestructivemeasurementofthethickn

4、essofnonmagiccoatingsoverferrousothermagicbasemetals.Itisintendedtosupplementmanufacturers’instructionsftheoperationoftheinstrumentsisnotintendedtoreplacethem.NOTE1—Autocatalyticallydepositednickelphosphusalloyscontainin

5、gmethan8%phosphusaresufficientlynonmagictobemeasuredbythistestmethodaslongasthemeasurementismadepritoanyheattreatment.1.2Theseinstrumentsmeasureeitherthemagicattractionbetweenamagthebasismetalasinfluencedbythepresenceoft

6、hecoating(categizedas“magicpulloff”)thechangeinmagicfluxdensitywithintheprobe(categorizedas“electronic”).Theseinstrumentscannotdistinguishthethicknessofindividuallayers.Theycanonlymeasurethecumulativethicknessofalllayers

7、beneaththeprobedowntothebasemetal.1.3MeasurementsmadeinaccdancewiththistestmethodwillbeincompliancewiththerequirementsofISOInternationalStard2178asprintedin1982.1.4ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestard.Theval

8、uesgiveninparenthesesarefinfmationonly.1.5Thisstarddoesnotpurpttoaddressallofthesafetyconcernsifanyassociatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstardtoestablishappropriatesafetyhealthpracticesdeterminetheappl

9、icabilityofregulatylimitationspritouse.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStards:2B530TestMethodfMeasurementofCoatingThicknessesbytheMagicMethod:ElectrodepositedNickelCoatingsonMagicNonmagicSubstrates2.2InternationalStard:ISO21

10、78NonMagicCoatingsonMagicSubstrate—MeasurementofCoatingThickness—MagicMethod33.Terminology3.1DefinitionsofTermsSpecifictoThisStard:3.1.1accuracyn—themeasureofthemagnitudeoferrbetweentheresultofameasurementthetruethicknes

11、softheitembeingmeasured.3.1.2adjustmentn—thephysicalactofaligningainstrument’sthicknessreadingstomatchthoseofaknownthicknesssample(removalofbias)indertoimprovetheaccuracyoftheinstrumentonaspecificsurfacewithinaspecificpt

12、ionofitsmeasurementrange.Anadjustmentwillaffecttheoutcomeofsubsequentreadings.3.1.3calibrationn—thehighlevelcontrolleddocumentedprocessofobtainingmeasurementsontraceablecalibrationstardsoverthefulloperatingrangeoftheinst

13、rumentthenmakingthenecessaryinstrumentadjustments(asrequired)tocrectanyoutoftoleranceconditions.3.1.3.1Discussion—Calibrationofcoatingthicknessinstrumentsisperfmedbytheequipmentmanufactureranauthorizedagentbyanauthizedtr

14、ainedcalibrationlabatyinacontrolledenvironmentusingadocumentedprocess.Theoutcomeofthecalibrationprocessistoresterealigntheinstrumenttomeetexceedthemanufacturer’sstatedaccuracy.1ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMC

15、ommitteeB08onMetallicInganicCoatingsisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeB08.10onTestMethods.CurrenteditionapprovedMay12014.PublishedMay2014.iginallyapprovedin1969.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2009asB499–09.DOI:10.1520

16、B049909R14.2FreferencedASTMstardsvisittheASTMwebsitewww.astm.gcontactASTMCustomerServiceat.FAnnualBookofASTMStardsvolumeinfmationrefertothestard’sDocumentSummarypageontheASTMwebsite.3AvailablefromAmericanNationalStardsIn

17、stitute(ANSI)25W.43rdSt.4thFloNewYkNY10036:www.ansi.g.Copyright?ASTMInternational100BarrHarbDrivePOBoxC700WestConshohockenPA194282959.UnitedStates1curvatureofthecoatedstardofthesubstrateonwhichthefoilisplacedshallbethesa

18、me.8.FactsAffectingtheMeasuringAccuracy8.1Thefollowingfactsaffecttheaccuracyofacoatingthicknessmeasurement:8.1.1CoatingThickness—Inherenttothetestmethodisameasurementuncertaintythatfthincoatingsisconstantindependentofthe

19、coatingthickness.Themagnitudeofthismeasurementuncertaintyisprimarilyafunctionoftestpiecesurfacefinish(see8.1.6onsurfaceroughness).Fthicknessesgreaterthanabout25m(1mil)thisuncertaintyisproptionaltothecoatingthickness.8.1.

20、2MagicPropertiesoftheBasisMetal—Magicthicknessmeasurementsareaffectedbyvariationsinthemagicpropertiesofthebasismetal.(Fpracticalpurposesmagicvariationsinlowcarbonsteelcanoftenbeconsideredtobeinsignificant.Toavoidtheinflu

21、encesofseverelocalizedheattreatmentscoldwkingtheinstrumentshouldbeadjustedusingareferencestardhavingabasismetalwiththesamemagicpropertiesasthatofthetestspecimenpreferablyifavailablewithasampleoftheparttobetestedbefeappli

22、cationofthecoating.)8.1.3BasisMetalThickness—Feachinstrumentthereisacriticalthicknessofthebasismetalabovewhichthemeasurementswillnotbeaffectedbyanincreaseinthethicknessofthebasismetal.Sinceitdependsontheinstrumentprobe(N

23、ote3)thenatureofthebasismetalitsvalueshouldbedeterminedexperimentallyifnotsuppliedbythemanufacturer.NOTE3—Inthismethod“instrumentprobe”willalsoincludetheterm“mag.”8.1.4EdgeEffects—Themethodissensitivetoabruptchangesinthe

24、surfacecontourofthetestspecimen.Therefemeasurementsmadetoonearanedgeinsidecnerwillnotbevalidunlesstheinstrumentisspecificallycalibratedfsuchameasurement.Theeffectmayextendtoabout20mm(0.8in.)fromthediscontinuitydependingo

25、ntheinstrument.8.1.5Curvature—Themeasurementsareaffectedbythecurvatureofthetestspecimen.Theinfluenceofcurvaturevariesconsiderablywiththemaketypeofinstrumentbutalwaysbecomesmepronouncedastheradiusofcurvaturedecreases.Inst

26、rumentswithtwopoleprobesmayalsoproducedifferentreadingsifthepolesarealignedinplanesparallelperpendiculartotheaxisofacylindricalsurface.Asimilareffectcanoccurwithasinglepoleprobeifthetipisunevenlywn.8.1.6SurfaceRoughness—

27、Measurementsareinfluencedbythesurfacetopographyofthebasismetalcoating.Surfaceroughnessbecomessignificantwhenthedegreeofroughnessisgreaterthan10%ofthecoatingthicknesscausingincreasedscatterinmeasurements.Therefeitisnecess

28、aryonaroughscratchedsurfacetomakeagreaternumberofmeasurementsatdifferentpositionstoobtainanaveragevaluethatisrepresentativeofthemeancoatingthickness.Ifthebasismetalisroughitmayalsobenecessarytocheckadjustifnecessarytheze

29、rooftheinstrumentatseveralpositionsonaptionoftheuncoatedroughbasismetal.8.1.7DirectionofMechanicalWkingoftheBasisMetal—Measurementsmadebyaninstrumenthavingatwopoleprobeanunevenlywnsinglepoleprobemaybeinfluencedbythedirec

30、tioninwhichthemagicbasismetalhasbeensubjectedtomechanicalwking(suchasrolling)thereadingchangingwiththeientationoftheprobeonthesurface.8.1.8ResidualMagism—Residualmagisminthebasismetalaffectsthemeasurementsmadebyinstrumen

31、tsthatemployastationarymagicfield.Itsinfluenceonmeasurementsmadebyinstrumentsemployinganalternatingmagicfieldismuchsmaller.8.1.9StrayMagicFields—Strongstraymagicfieldssuchasareproducedbyvarioustypesofelectricalequipmentc

32、anseriouslyinterferewiththeoperationofinstrumentsbasedonmagicprinciples.8.1.10FeignParticles—Magicinstrumentsofalltypesmustmakephysicalcontactwiththetestsurfacearetherefesensitivetofeignmaterialthatpreventsintimatecontac

33、tbetweenprobecoatingsurface.Boththetestsurfaceinstrumentprobeshouldbekeptfreeoffeignmaterial.8.1.11ConductivityofCoating—Magicinstrumentsemployinganalternatingmagicfieldoperatingfrequenciesabove200Hzcouldproduceeddycurre

34、ntsinthickhighlyconductivecoatingsthatmayinterferewiththereading.8.1.12Pressure—Instrumentreadingsaresensitivetothepressurewithwhichtheprobeisappliedtothetestspecimen.Applicationoftheprobeshouldnotbeallowedtodefmthecoati

35、ng.8.1.13Probeientation—Magicpulloffinstrumentsmaybesensitivetotheientationofthemaginrelationtothefieldofgravityoftheearth.Thustheoperationofaninstrumentinahizontalupsidedownpositionmayrequireacrectionfactmaybeimpossible

36、.9.Procedure9.1OperateeachinstrumentinaccdancewiththeinstructionsofthemanufacturergivingappropriateattentiontothefactslistedinSection8.9.2Verifytheaccuracyoftheinstrumentatthetestsiteeachtimetheinstrumentisputintoservice

37、atfrequentintervalsduringusetoassureproperperfmance.9.3Manyinstrumentscanbeadjustedindertoimprovetheiraccuracyonaspecificsurfacewithinaspecificptionofitsmeasurementrange.Inmostinstancesitshouldonlybenecessarytocheckzeroo

38、ntheuncoatedsubstratebeginmeasuring.Howevertheeffectsofpropertiesofthesubstrate(compositionmagicpropertiesshaperoughnessedgeeffects)coating(compositionmasssurfaceroughness)aswellasambientsurfacetemperaturesmayrequireadju

39、stmentstobemadetotheinstrument.Followthemanufacturer’sinstructions.9.4Observethefollowingprecautions:9.4.1BasisMetalThickness—Checkwhetherthebasismetalthicknessexceedsthecriticalthickness.Ifnoteitherusethebackupmethodmen

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