2023年全國(guó)碩士研究生考試考研英語(yǔ)一試題真題(含答案詳解+作文范文)_第1頁(yè)
已閱讀1頁(yè),還剩4頁(yè)未讀, 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說(shuō)明:本文檔由用戶(hù)提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡(jiǎn)介

1、Designation:D4003?98(Reapproved2015)StardTestMethodsfProgrammableHizontalImpactTestfShippingContainersSystems1ThisstardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD4003thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearofigi

2、naladoptioninthecaseofrevisiontheyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperepsilon()indicatesaneditialchangesincethelastrevisionreapproval.1.Scope1.1Thesetestmethodsareintendedtodeterm

3、inetheabilityofapackageproducttowithstlabatysimulatedhizontalimpactfces.1.2Thehizontalimpactsusedinthesetestmethodsareprogrammedshockinputsthatrepresentthehazardsastheyoccurintheshippinghlingenvironments.Theenvironmental

4、hazardsmayincluderailswitchingimpactslifttruckmarshallingimpactssofth.Thefollowingtestmethodsapply:1.2.1MethodARailCarSwitchingImpact—Thistestmethodsimulatesthetypesofshockpulsesexperiencedbyladinginrailcarswitchingwitht

5、heuseofarigidbulkheadontheleadingedgeofthetestcarriagetosimulatetheendwallofarailcarshockprogrammingdevicestoproducerepresentativeshockpulses.Withtheuseofbackloadingthistestmethodmayalsobeusedtosimulatecompressivefcesexp

6、eriencedbyladingloadsduringrailcarswitching.Itissuitableftestsofindividualcontainerssystemsastheyareshippedinrailcars.Itmayalsobeusedtoevaluatetheeffectivenessofpalletpatternstodeterminetheeffectofinteractionbetweenconta

7、inersduringrailswitchingoperationimpacts.1.2.2MethodBMarshallingImpactTestsofUnitLoads—Thistestmethodassessestheabilityofunitloadstowithstthefcesencounteredduringmarshallingloadingoperations.1.3Thetestlevelsmaybevariedto

8、representthemodeonshippinghlingusedftheitemundertest.1.4Thevaluesstatedininchpoundunitsaretoberegardedasstard.ThevaluesgiveninparenthesesaremathematicalconversionstoSIunitsthatareprovidedfinfmationonlyarenotconsideredsta

9、rd.1.5Thisstarddoesnotpurpttoaddressallofthesafetyconcernsifanyassociatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstardtoestablishappropriatesafetyhealthpracticesdeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatylimitationspritou

10、se.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStards:2D996TerminologyofPackagingDistributionEnvironmentsD4332PracticefConditioningContainersPackagesPackagingComponentsfTestingD5277TestMethodfPerfmingProgrammedHizontalImpactsUsinganIncl

11、inedImpactTesterE122PracticefCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimateWithSpecifiedPrecisiontheAveragefaacteristicofaLotProcess3.Terminology3.1Definitions—FdefinitionsoftermsusedinthistestmethodseeTerminologyD996.3.2DefinitionsofT

12、ermsSpecifictoThisStard:3.2.1acceleration—therateofchangeofvelocityofabodywithrespecttotimemeasuredinin.s2(ms2).3.2.2backload—aduplicatespecimensimilartothetestpackageweightstosimulatetheotherladinginthetransptvehicle.3.

13、2.3shockpulse—asubstantialdisturbanceacterizedbyariseofaccelerationfromaconstantvaluedecayofaccelerationtotheconstantvalueinashtperiodoftime.3.2.4shockpulseprogrammer—adevicetocontroltheparametersoftheaccelerationversust

14、imeshockpulsegeneratedbyashocktestimpactmachine.3.2.5velocitychange—thesumoftheimpactvelocityreboundvelocity(theareaundertheacceleration—timecurve).4.SignificanceUse4.1Thesetestmethodsprovideameasureofashippingcontainer’

15、sabilitytoprotectaproductfromfailuredueto1ThesetestmethodsareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD10onPackagingarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD10.21onShippingContainersSystemsApplicationofPerfmanceTestMethods.Cur

16、renteditionapprovedOct.12015.PublishedOctober2015.iginallyapprovedin1981.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2009asD4003–98(2009).DOI:10.1520D400398R15.2FreferencedASTMstardsvisittheASTMwebsitewww.astm.gcontactASTMCustomerServi

17、ceat.FAnnualBookofASTMStardsvolumeinfmationrefertothestard’sDocumentSummarypageontheASTMwebsite.Copyright?ASTMInternational100BarrHarbDrivePOBoxC700WestConshohockenPA194282959.UnitedStates17.Sampling7.1Thenumberoftestspe

18、cimensdependsonthedesireddegreeofprecisiontheavailabilityofspecimens.PracticeE122providesguidanceonthechoiceofsamplesize.Itisrecommendedthatatleastthreerepresentativetestspecimensbeused.8.TestSpecimen8.1Thepackageproduct

19、asshippedintendedfshipmentconstitutesthetestspecimen.Applysensingdevicestothepackageproductsomecomponentoftheproducttomeasuretheresponselevelsduringimpact.Testloadsofequalconfigurationsizeweightdistributionpackagingareac

20、ceptableiftestingtheactualproductmightbehazardousimpractical.Caremustbetakentoduplicatetheloadacteristicsoftheproduct.9.Conditioning9.1ItisrecommendedthatatmospheresfconditioningbeedfromthoseshowninPracticeD4332.Unlessot

21、herwisespecifiedpreconditionconditionfiberboardotherpaperboardcontainersinaccdancewiththestardatmospherespecifiedinPracticeD4332.10.Procedure10.1TestMethodA—RailCarSwitchingImpactTest:10.1.1Pritoinitiatingthetestwritethe

22、testplanincludingthefollowinginfmation:10.1.1.1Thenumberofimpactstheunitwillreceive10.1.1.2Thevelocitychangefeachofthedesiredimpacts10.1.1.3Thepulsedurationoftheimpactshock10.1.1.4Theweightconfigurationofthebackloadused.

23、NOTE2—Thenumberofimpactstowhichaproductwillbesubjectedintransitmayrangefrom2to15.Thevelocitychangesrangebetween110mph(1.616kmph)withanaveragevelocitychangeofapproximately5mph(8kmph).Thedurationoftheimpactshocksisdependen

24、tonthedraftgearoftherailcarsusedtotranspttheproducts.Thedurationnmallyrangesfrom30msfstarddraftgeartoinexcessof300msflongtraveldraftgearofcushionedunderframes.Theaccelerationlevelsobservedarenmallyafunctionofthevelocityc

25、hangepulsedurationratherthanacontrollinginputparameter.Theaccelerationscrespondingtotheabovedurationsareabout15glessthan1grespectively.Itmustberealizedthatrailcarswitchingimpactsnmallyoccurmanytimesduringshipment.Itisrec

26、ommendedthatatestconsistofanumberoflowerlevelimpactsanincrementalseriesofincreasingimpactmagnituderatherthanasinglelargemagnitudeimpact.Thistypeoftestingalsoprovidesbetterinfmationbybracketingthefailurebetweentwoimpactsl

27、evels.NOTE3—Thebackloadweightfrictionrequirementisnotwelldefinedduetolackofenvironmentalmeasurementsofladingfcelevels.Throughpreliminarytestingbackloadpressuresrangingfrom0.3to1.0psi(2to7kPa)onthecontainerimpactingsurfac

28、ehavecreateddamagelevelsnmallyobservedindistribution.Thesepressuresarebasedonacoefficientoffrictionof0.5onahizontalsurface.SeeAppendixX1ffurtherdiscussions.10.1.2Afterthetestparametershavebeenestablishedplaceaduplicatete

29、stspecimenonthetestcarriagepositionedatthecenterofthespecimenmountingsurfacewiththefaceedgethatistoreceivetheimpactfirmlypositionedagainsttheuprightbulkhead.Ifduplicatetestspecimensarenotavailableuseassimilaraspecimenasp

30、ossible.Weightsequivalenttotheweightoftheproducttobetestedarenotrecommendedunlesstheycansimulatethereactivecompliantnatureofthetestspecimen.10.1.3Thenbackloadtheduplicatetestspecimenwithadditionalproductsamplesthespecial

31、lyadaptedbackloadingfixturethatprovidesanevenloadingofthebackloadweightovertheentirebacksurfaceareaofthetestspecimenasspecifiedinthetestplan.Impactthetestcarriagewithvarioustestmachinesetupsintotheprogrammerstoproducethe

32、desiredpulsedurations.NOTE4—Continuethepretestinguntilthedesiredrangeofvelocitychangesisobtained.Thispretestingisnotnecessaryifthelevelsofthemajtestparametersareknownfrompreviousexperience.NOTE5—Thetypeofprogrammersuseds

33、hallbeedonthebasisoftheshockpulsewavefmdurationdesired.10.1.4Replacetheduplicatespecimenwiththeactualtestspecimenplaceitatthecenterpositionofthespecimenmountingsurfacewiththefaceedgethatistoreceivetheimpactfirmlyposition

34、edagainstthebulkhead.Backloadthetestspecimenwithadditionalproductspeciallyadaptedbackloadingfixtureusedin10.1.2setthetestmachinetoachievethedesiredvelocitychange.10.1.5Releasethecarriagetoimpactagainsttheprogrammerfasing

35、leimpact.Recdtheaccelerationtimeprofileofthecarriagebulkheaddeterminethevelocitychange(impactplusreboundvelocity)ofthetestcarriage.10.1.6Inspectionofthepackagedproductmaybeconductedbetweeneachtestimpacttoexaminetheeffect

36、oftheimpactontheproductpackage.10.1.7Thetestcontainershouldbesubjectedtothedesirednumbersofimpactsatvariousvelocitychangesnumberofimpactsspecifiedinthetestplan.Eachaxisofconcernofthetestpackagecanbeevaluatedinasimilarman

37、nerasdescribedin10.1.2–10.1.7.10.2TestMethodB—MarshallingImpactTest:10.2.1Unitloadsmaybesubjectedtoimpactswhenhledwithmechanicalequipmentsuchaspoweredpallettrucks(palletjacks)fklifttrucksstraddlecarriersotherheavymateria

38、lshlingequipment.Theseimpactsmaycausedamagetotheproductpackage.Theimpacttestconditionstosimulatemarshallinghazardscanbedeterminedbyknowingthefktruckweightthetestspecimen(unitload)weightinganimpactvelocityapulsedurationot

39、herimpactconditions.3KnowingthesevariablesashockpulsecanbedeterminedprogrammedintotheImpactTestMachine.Todeterminetheimpactleveltosimulatemarshallingusethefollowingequation:Gp3T5KS11e11RDVt(2)where:Gp=shockpulsepeakaccel

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無(wú)特殊說(shuō)明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶(hù)所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒(méi)有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒(méi)有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 眾賞文庫(kù)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶(hù)上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶(hù)上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶(hù)因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評(píng)論

0/150

提交評(píng)論