生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程專業(yè)英語及翻譯

1、 1 Unit 1 Biomedical Engineering Lesson 1 A History of Biomedical Engineering In its broadest sense, biomedical engineering has been with us for centuries, perhaps even thousands of years. In 2000, German archeologis

2、ts uncover a 3,000-year-old mummy from Thebes with a wooden prosthetic tied to its foot to serve as a big toe. Researchers said the wear on the bottom surface suggests that it could be the oldest known limb prosthesis. E

3、gyptians also used hollow reeds to look and listen to the internal goings on of the human anatomy. In 1816, modesty prevented French physician Rene Laennec from placing his ear next to a young woman’s bare chest, so he r

4、olled up a newspaper and listened through it, triggering the idea for his invention that led to today’s ubiquitous stethoscope. 廣義上來說,生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程與我們已經(jīng)幾個世紀(jì)以來,甚至數(shù)千年。2000 年,德國考古學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)一個 3000 歲高齡的木乃伊從底比斯木制假肢與作為大腳趾的腳。研究人員說,穿底部表面上表明它

5、可能是最古老的下肢義肢。埃及人也用空心的蘆葦外觀和聽人類解剖學(xué)的內(nèi)部行為。1816 年,謙虛阻止法國醫(yī)生雷奈克把他的耳朵旁邊一個年輕女人的裸胸,所以他卷起報紙和聽它,引發(fā)他的發(fā)明的想法,導(dǎo)致今天無處不在的聽診器。No matter what the date, biomedical engineering has provided advances in medical technology to improve human healt

6、h. Biomedical engineering achievements range from early devices, such as crutches, platform shoes, wooden teeth, and the ever-changing cache of instruments in a doctor’s black bag, to more modern marvels, including pacem

7、akers, the heart-lung machine, dialysis machines, diagnostic equipment, imaging technologies of every kind, and artificial organs, implants and advanced prosthetics. The National Academy of Engineering estimates that the

8、re are currently about 32,000 bioengineers working in various areas of health technology. 無論什么日期,生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程提供了先進(jìn)的醫(yī)療技術(shù)來改善人類健康。生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程成就范圍從早期設(shè)備,如拐杖,松糕鞋,木制的牙齒,和不斷變化的緩存工具在醫(yī)生的黑包,更現(xiàn)代的奇跡,包括心臟起搏器、人工心肺機(jī),透析機(jī)器,診斷設(shè)備,各種成像技術(shù),和人造器官,移植和先進(jìn)的假肢

9、。美國國家工程學(xué)院的估計(jì),目前大約有 32000 生物各領(lǐng)域工作的衛(wèi)生技術(shù)。As an academic endeavor, the roots of biomedical engineering reach back to early developments in electrophysiology, which originated about 200 years ago. An early landmark in electro

10、physiology occurred in 1848 when DuBois Reymond published the widely recognized Ueber die tierische Elektrizitaet. Raymond’s contemporary, Hermann von Helmholtz, is credited with applying engineering principles to a prob

11、lem in physiology and dentifying the resistance of muscle and nervous tissues to direct current. 作為一個學(xué)術(shù)努力,生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程的根源及早期電生理學(xué)的發(fā)展,起源于約 200 年前。電生理學(xué)的早期具有里程碑意義的發(fā)生在 1848 年當(dāng)杜布瓦 Reymond 發(fā)表了公認(rèn) Ueber 死tierische Elektrizitaet。赫爾曼

12、83;馮·雷蒙德?當(dāng)代亥姆霍茲因應(yīng)用工程原則問題在生理學(xué)和dentifying 電阻直流的肌肉和神經(jīng)組織。In 1895, Wilhelm Roentgen accidentally discovered that a cathode-ray tube could make a sheet of paper coated with barium platinocyanide glow, even when the tube a

13、nd the paper were in separate rooms. Roentgen decided the tube must be emitting some kind of penetrating rays, which he called “X” rays for unknown. This set off a flurry of research into the tissue-penetrating and tissu

14、e-destroying properties of X-rays, a line of research that ultimately produced the modern array of medical imaging technologies and virtually eliminated the need for exploratory surgery. AIEE[1] began about 1948. In 1954

15、, the AIEE, the IRE and the ISA formed the Joint Executive Committee on Medicine and Biology, which began organizing the annual conferences. 1951 憤怒的約定產(chǎn)生足夠的興趣,醫(yī)療電子產(chǎn)品的憤怒形成一個專業(yè)小組醫(yī)療電子產(chǎn)品。本集團(tuán)的早期行動是合作的年度會議上電子儀器和原子核物理學(xué)在醫(yī)學(xué)、AIEE

16、[1]大約始于1948 年。1954 年,AIEE,憤怒和 ISA 形成聯(lián)合執(zhí)行委員會醫(yī)學(xué)和生物學(xué),開始組織的年度會議。In 1963, the AIEE and the IRE merged to form the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. Contributing forces for the merger were the members of the

17、 AIEE and IRE technical committees for biomedical engineering. Most members favored it and had been collaborating with their counterparts in the other society for years. 1963 年,AIEE 和憤怒合并形成了電氣與電子工程學(xué)院。貢獻(xiàn)力量的合并是成員 AIEE 和憤怒為

18、生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程技術(shù)委員會。大多數(shù)成員支持,在其他社會和同行合作多年。 At the merger it was decided to carry over to the IRE system of Professional Groups. The IRE Professional Group on Medical Electronics became the IEEE Professional Group on 3 Bio-Medi

19、cal Engineering (PGBME), the name change reflecting the fact that many members, particularly former AIEE members, were concerned with non-electronic topics. Also in the early 1960s the NIH[2] took three significant steps

20、 to support biomedical engineering. First, it created a program-project committee under the General Medical Sciences Institute to evaluate program-project applications, many of which served biophysics and biomedical engi

21、neering. Then it set up a biomedical engineering training study section to evaluate training-grant applications, and it established two biophysics study sections. A special “floating” study section processed applications

22、 in bioacoustics and biomedical engineering. Many applications did not make it to the biomedical engineering study section and ended up in radiology, physiology or other panels. The diversity of work in biomedical engin

23、eering and the diversity of background of the people contributing to this field made it difficult for a single organization to represent everyone[3]. In the 1960s there were efforts by some leaders of the PGBME, which be

24、came the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, to achieve greater autonomy within the IEEE in order to accommodate a more diverse membership. Because there were quite a few professional groups, several umbrel

25、la organizations were established to facilitate cooperation. In the late 1960s the Alliance for Engineering in Medicine and Biology was formed. In 1968, the Biomedical Engineering Society was formed to give “equal status

26、 to representatives of both biomedical and engineering interests and promote the increase of biomedical engineering knowledge and its utilization“. Initially, the membership of the society consisted of 171 founding membe

27、rs and 89 charter members. Membership now numbers nearly 1,200 professional biomedical engineers, with another 1,600 student members. 在合并決定繼續(xù)憤怒系統(tǒng)的專業(yè)團(tuán)體。醫(yī)療電子產(chǎn)品成為了 IEEE 憤怒專業(yè)小組 3 生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程專業(yè)小組(PGBME),許多成員名稱更改反映了事實(shí),尤其是前 AIEE 成員