[雙語(yǔ)翻譯]城市治理外文翻譯---城市綜合治理城市經(jīng)濟(jì)的新典范

1、2900 英文單詞， 英文單詞，17000 英文單詞，中文 英文單詞，中文 5100 字文獻(xiàn)出處： 文獻(xiàn)出處：Ioan-Franc V, Ristea A L, Popescu C. Integrated Urban Governance: A New Paradigm of Urban Economy [J]. Procedia Economics urban regeneration; integrated urban gover

2、nance;1. IntroductionA recent EC Report on Cities of Tomorrow. Challenges, vision and prospects? (EC, 2011 b, p. 91) reaffirmed the importance of principles, priorities and fundamental objectives of urban and territorial

3、 development formulated in The Leipzig Charta on the Sustainable European City (EU, 2007), The Toledo Declaration on Urban Development (EU, 2010) and The EU Territorial Agenda 2020 (EU, 2011 a), as well as the significan

4、ce of a greater territorial dimension in the future policy of cohesion.Pointing out that Europe is one of the most urbanized continents (over two-thirds of Europe’s population live in urban areas and the figure is rising

5、), that cities are the key of the EU’s sustainable development, the EC Report (2011 b) present the major challenges and the directions of action to meet these challenges.Actually, the European model of sustainable urban

6、development is very threatened by tendencies with a negative impact (EC, 2011 b, p. VI):? Demographic evolution, different from city to city, causes several problems such as: population ageing, urban decrease or intensif

7、ication of the expansion of administrative-territorial areas.? Slowing down or even diminishing economic growth affecting Europe periodically is a major threa to many cities, especially Central and Eastern European c

8、ities, as well as old industrial cities of Western Europe, the economy of which is stagnant or on the decline.? Labour market is strongly influenced by the discrepancy between economic growth, on one hand, and diminishin

9、g number of jobs and social progress, on the other hand. More and more economics – also called spatial economy – the researchers’ and practitioners’ interest (including actors involved in territorial development projects

10、) could confine themselves to giving answers to a set of questions such as: Why do things happen here and not elsewhere? Any economic activity, irrespective of its natur, takes place on a site. But why this one and not a

11、nother one? How could we explain the spatial behaviour of the economic agents, both businesses/organisations and people? Why do populations move from one region to another one? Can we explain these population movements b

12、y economic analysis? Why do industries focus on a certain city or quarter?People dealing with urban and regional economics may consider the following questions: Why are there cities? What is their economic basis?Why do c

13、ities not cease to expand, in spite of all constraints??Is there any economic logic for explaining the way cities are distributed throughout the territory? Why are there income or job disparities among the country region

14、s??What is the probable effectiveness of public interventions in regional economic development? ?What is the impact of technological progress on the location of businesses??How could we explain the city arrangement in di

15、stinct residential quarters??Why plots are systematically more expensive in some quarters that in other ones?After the 1980s, the Sustainable Development Strategy of the European Union has paid special attention to susta

16、inable development of European cities of any size which appeared throughout history and represented economic, social and cultural assets of high value. Urban development in the European Union is based on the new concept

17、(model) of integrated urban planning, which causes a shift in the state’s role from controlling city development to encouraging local entreprise. In this way, we can promote the integrated project of urban regeneration,

18、which – according to modern urban economics – is a new paradigm focused on city management, based on a common (collective) strategical position on development (Ginavar Anca et al., 2007, pp. 8-9).Along with the emergence

19、 of globalisation, cities, in particular, have been confronted with two vital problems that can be approached only in interdependence: How to reduce, even to prevent, social and spatial disparities as well as the related

20、 local economic growth, international and interregional competitiveness as well as labour market insertion? Confronted with these challenges, the traditional sectoral approaches prove to be onerous and ineffective, and c

21、onsequently new forms of governance acquire importance. Among them, integrated urban governance – as a new concept – implies a change in the administrative situation and the way of thinking of the decision-makers in form

22、ulating and implementing territorial development policies.3. Integrated Urban Governance: Justification, Approach, AdvantagesIn the new context of economic-social development of the countries determined by the globaliza

23、tion of markets and NTIC, especially large cities face new forms of economic competition and political and administrative action based on principles of the standard (traditional) urban economics are no longer able to pro

24、vide solutions (Berninger, coordinator, Schwedler, 2011, p. 10):?Large cities become strong competitors and they struggle worldwide to attract new technologies and innovative services, financial institutions and to becom