[雙語(yǔ)翻譯]車(chē)輛工程外文翻譯--汽車(chē)座椅的舒適模型

1、3800 英文單詞， 英文單詞，20500 英文字符，中文 英文字符，中文 5900 字文獻(xiàn)出處： 文獻(xiàn)出處：da Silva, Lizandra, et al. “Comfort model for automobile seat.“ Work 41.Supplement 1 (2012): 295-302.Comfort model for automobile seatLizandra da Silva, Silv

2、ana Ligia Vincenzi Bortolotti , Izabel Carolina Martins Campos and Eugenio Andrés Díaz MerinoAbstractComfort on automobile seats is lived daily by thousands of drivers. Epistemologically, comfort can be underst

3、ood under the theory of complexity, since it emerges from a chain of interrelationships between man and several elements of the system. This interaction process can engender extreme comfort associated to the feeling of p

4、leasure and wellbeing or, on the other hand, lead to discomfort, normally followed by pain. This article has for purpose the development of a theoretical model that favours the comfort feature on automobile seats through

5、 the identification of its facets and indicators. For such, a theoretical study is resorted to, allowing the mapping of elements that constitute the model. The results present a comfort model on automobile seats that con

6、templates the (physical, psychological, object, context and environment) facets. This model is expected to contribute with the automobile industry for the development of improvements of the ergonomic project of seats to

7、increase the comfort noticed by the users.Keywords: comfort, ergonomics, automobile, seat, model1. IntroductionThe automobile seat represents a workspace that should provide the occupier adequate positioning so he can pe

8、rform his driving task while attending several safety criteria while also being acceptable regarding the driver’s need for comfort [23]. Comfort is considered such an important feature on the automobile seat [9] that au

9、tomotive industries use them to distinguish their products from those of their competitors [17].Comfort is defined as a convenience or wellbeing experienced by the final user while using a product or just after using it

10、[36]. In contrast, discomfort is related to experiencing pain and the feeling of weight. [38] which comes man and his physiological, psychological wellbeing or all together, are assessed in the wrong [31].A product canno

11、t be regarded as comfortable in itself, but it becomes comfortable (or uncomfortable) when it is used, when it goes through the person’s perception about the experience undergone. In this matter, the user will decide whe

12、ther a product is comfortable or not or if it leads to discomfort. This complicates the creation of comfort because it is not known how each individual will react to a product [37].It is not impossible to project a comfo

13、rtable automobile seat, but for that it is necessary to consider aspects that influence the driver’s experience of comfort. To promote the maximum comfort the proposition of explanatory models is necessary, making known

14、what is unobservable, giving ergonomics scientific status [5].In this regard, the article means to develop a theoretical model of comfort on automobile seats, allowing a performance of the phenomenon with the identificat

15、ion of facets and indicators, main elements influencing the driver’s perception of comfort.1.1. Comfort on automobile seatThousands of people daily realise the comfort or discomfort on their automobile seat, in general [

16、3].The prolonged seating significantly increases the risk of lumbago, especially when associated to vibration in body parts and awkward postures. The sole fact of being seated probably doesn’t represent a risk until the

17、person is exposed, to a certain level of vibration and a forced posture. Thus, when the risk factors are combined, the risk of lumbago increases [3].Forced postures constitute an aggravating condition for the health of t

18、he taxi driver. The causes of forced posture can be: high number of hours in the seated position, adoption of compensatory postures for the promotion of comfort, ill adjusted seat and mirrors or insufficient space on the

19、 driver work- station stopping him from varying leg position [27].Comfortable accommodation for the lumbar area can be achieved by means of seat adjustment [12]. To allow variations of posture to alleviate the pressure o

20、n the inter-vertebral disks and muscle tension. The movable back of the seat allows the user to recline periodically, in order to avoid fatigue [18].The existence of several seat adjustments (back inclination, horizontal

21、 seat positioning, etc.) offer support to the driver’s back leading to the presence or absence of lumbar support; as well as the kind of upholstery (i.e., canvas versus vinyl). These indicators can affect the muscle acti

22、vation: the shear force between soft tissues and this does not affect only the driver’s perception of comfort but also his feeling of fatigue [16].The muscle activity at its maximum contributes for the perception of comf

23、ort, for if force on the volunteer muscles (those controlled by central nervous system) needed for keeping a seated posture, are elevated, there will straightaway be an increased perception of discomfort [17]. That physi

24、ological degradation and fatigue can reduce the driver’s performance on automobiles. The evolution of fatigue, discomfort and performance rates of people seated in two different kinds of car seats, with and without vibra

25、tion, have pointed out that the performance was reduced when individuals were on an uncomfortable seat with vibration, making clear the evolution of discomfort [11].One of the most common approaches developed on automobi

26、le seats is based on the measurement of pressure on the interface seat/man [29, 9, 24, 23, 25, 17]. This kind of technology, generally through tactile sensors, enables a variety of experiences to be accomplished in real

27、time.A greater uniformity on the distribution of pressure and a lower peak of pressure, and a wider and more symmetric contact surface imply an improvement of comfort on the seat. The shear stress from the contact contri

28、butes for the perception of seat discomfort by individuals who spend a lengthy time in the seating position, because it brings damage to the soft tissues and can lead to the formation of ulcers or tissue necrosis [17].Th

29、e comfort parameters mostly mentioned in the literature are: seat/man rate of contact pressure; highest seat/man contact pressure; size of the seat/man contact area and extent of the of the seat/man contact area symmetry

30、. All these parameters quantifying comfort are based on measurements for the distribution of seat/man contact pressure on contact areas [16].Kolich and Tabourn [24] have developed and validated a step-by-step to find a g

31、lobal index of subjective comfort, grounded on the characteristics of pressure on the seat interface, the passengers’ anthropometrics, the passengers’ demography and percept of the seat appearance. Such study has found t