外文翻譯---電阻率測量瑞典南部的enemossen尾礦壩的安全評價（英文）

1、IntroductionEmbankment dams are made of earth or rock. Internal erosion is one of the major causes of embankment dam failures. Resistivity measurements may have the possi- bility of detecting internal erosion processes a

2、nd anomalous seepage at an early stage before the safety of the dam is at stake. The technique is essentially non- destructive, which is particularly important when working with embankment dams where drilling and other p

3、enetrating investigations are preferably avoided. This paper presents results from part of a dam safety investigation conducted at the Enemossen tailings dam in southern Sweden. Tailings dams are a type of embankment dam

4、 that impounds mining waste. The mining waste, which consists of fine-grained waste materials left after mechanical or chemical separation of minerals from crushed ore, is typically pumped into astorage reservoir and the

5、 tailings dams are built to hold these volumes in place. The aim of this study was to examine the extent of the damage around the latest reported sinkhole and to examine the integrity of the entire dams in order to detec

6、t other deficiencies. The investigation comprised temperature, resistivity, induced polarisation (IP) and self potential (SP) measurements together with stan- dard visual inspections and piezometer readings. Part of the

7、results from the resistivity measurements will be presented here. Measuring temperature over time is a powerful and sensitive way to detect leakage pathways and to estimate flow rates. The method is, however, limited to

8、a specific area, and the same goes for most conventional methods. Other methods with the possi- bility to scan larger areas are therefore requested, and most geophysical methods are of this kind. Among the methods tested

9、, resistivity measurements were consid-P. Sjo ¨ dahl T. Dahlin S. Johansson Using resistivity measurements for dam safety evaluation at Enemossen tailings dam in southern SwedenReceived: 19 March 2005 Accepted: 27 J

10、uly 2005 Published online: 18 October 2005 ? Springer-Verlag 2005Abstract Internal erosion is a major reason for embankment dam fail- ures. Resistivity measurements is an essentially non-destructive tech- nique, which ma

11、y have the possibil- ity of detecting internal erosion processes and anomalous seepage at an early stage before the safety of the dam is at stake. This paper pre- sents results from part of a dam safety investigation con

12、ducted at the Enemossen tailings dam in southern Sweden. Longitudinal resistivity sections, 2D measurements along the dam crest, provided an overview of the whole dam and served to detect anomalous zones. In selected are

13、as, additional cross-sectional 2D sur-veys gave detailed information about the geo-electrical situations in the embankments. This information is valuable for similar investigations as information about resistivity in emb

14、ankment construction material is scarce. Known problem areas were associated with low resistivities, even though the resistivity measurements alone did not provide enough infor- mation to confidently come to a decision a

15、bout the status of the dams.Keywords Resistivity Æ Embank- ment dam Æ Tailings dam Æ SwedenEnviron Geol (2005) 49: 267–273 DOI 10.1007/s00254-005-0084-1 ORIGINAL ARTICLEP. Sjo ¨ dahl ( i.e., the groun

16、d properties are assumedFig. 1 Cross section of the X-Y dam. 1 Support fill (downstream and upstream), 2 core, 3 filter, 4 tailings. Level refers to meter above sea level1Developed by M.H. Loke, available for example at