外文翻譯---中國(guó)西北地區(qū)—新疆的煤炭火災(zāi)年代

1、山東科技大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 附錄 附錄 附錄Dating of coal fires in Xinjiang,

2、 north-west China[23]Xiangmin Zhang, Salomon B.Kroonenbergand Cor B.de BoerDepartment of Earth Resources Surveys, ITC,PO Box 6, Enschede, the Netherlands; Faculty of Applied Earth Sciences, Delft University of Technology

3、, PO Box 5028,2600 GA Delft, the Netherlands; Palaeomagnetic Laboratory, Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CD Utrecht, the NetherlandsABSTRACTCoal fires in China consume vast amounts of fuel and caus

4、e serious environmental problems. Most of these coal fires are related to mining activity. However, naturally produced palaeo coal fires in Xinjiang, north-west China, have been recognized via burnt rocks. The burnt rock

5、s in the study area are found at different river terraces underlying unburnt alluvial and river terrace deposits. Several age groups of coal fires have been identified based on the positions of burnt rocks at river terra

6、ces and the relationship between the burnt rocks and the terrace deposits. These palaeo coal fires are: (1) Pliocene–Early Quaternary in age at 200 m above present river terrace deposits; (2) Middle Pleistocene in age, a

7、t>90m; (3) Late Pleistocene, at 90–70 m; (4) Holocene; (5) burnt rocks relating to active coal fires.Palaeomagnetic data of the burnt rocks from different terraces give normal remanent magnetization and help further t

8、o constrain the ages of the coal fires.Terra Nova, 16, 68–74, 2004Introduction山東科技大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 附錄

9、 provide further constraints on the absolute ages of the coal fires. Our study shows that coal fires have repeatedly occurred since the Pliocene and that most of the burnt rocks are

10、 of Pleistocene age.Geological settingThe Toutunhe study area is situated 30 km south-west of Urumqi, the capital city of Xinjiang, China, in the transition zone between the Tianshan mountain range and the Junggar basin,

11、 at an altitude of 1000–1400 m. It is crossed by the Toutunhe river, which is fed by the glaciers of the Tianshan Mountains and by its tributary rivers the Qianshuihe, Gangou and Haojiagou (Fig.1). The core of the E–W-tr

12、ending Tianshan Mountain range consists of preMesozoic basement rocks (Peng and Zhang, 1989; BGXJ, 1993; Carroll et al, 1995). On the northern side of the Tianshan, Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary rocks have been detac

13、hed from the underling pre-Mesozoic rocks and folded into three lines of E–W-trending anticlines and synclines. The Kelazha anticline in the study area is situated in the first line, with Jurassic strata forming the core

14、 of the folds. Unfolded Pliocene sediments unconformably cover the Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks. The main coal-bearing strata that have burnt out belong to the Middle Jurassic Xishanyao Group, which consists of freshwat

15、er deltaic sediments (BGXJ, 1993; Schneider, 1996). The coal layers are concentrated in the lower parts of the Xishanyao Group, with thickness varying from 1 to 27 m. The lowest mineable layer is the Dacao coal layer, wi

16、th a constant thickness of 15–17 m. The Toutunhe river dissects the folded Jurassic rocks and has a flight of at least six river terraces in the valley (Fig.2; Huang and Zhao, 1981; Qiao, 1981; Molnaretal, 1994). The upp

17、ermost terraces are situated about 90 m above the river, the lowermost one about 15 m above the present river level. The other terraces are situated between these, with a regular height interval of about 10–15 m. Most of