europeanculture文檔

1、1.Two major elements in european culture : the Greco-Roman element and Judio-Christian element2.Homer :ancient Greeks considered homer to be the auther of their epics.His most prominent epics are Iliad and the Odyssey.

2、3.古希臘三大悲劇詩(shī)人A.Aeschylus 埃斯庫(kù)羅斯 Prometheus Bound《被縛的普羅米修斯》 , Persians《波斯 人》 ,and Agamennon《阿伽門農(nóng)》.B.Sophocles 索福克勒斯 Oedipus the King《俄狄浦斯王》(the Austrilian psychiatrist Sigmund Freud's term “the Oedipus Comp

3、lex“ was also derived from Sophocle's play), Eectra, and Antigone《安提戈涅》C. Euripids 歐力彼得斯 Aandromache ,Medea ,and Trojan women.(Aristotle said of him ,“if a bad manager in other points ,Euripides is at least the m

4、ost tragic of the poets.“4.古希臘一大喜劇詩(shī)人Aristophanes 阿里斯多芬 Frogs, Clouds, Wasps, and Birds5.Herodotus 希羅多德 He is also called “father of history',wrote about the wars between Greeks and Persians.6.古希臘三賢A.Socrates

5、 蘇格拉底（the teacher of Plato)His method of argument was called the dialectical method(方言辯證法）B.Plato 柏拉圖 (the teacher of Aristotle)The most known work is the dialogues,including:the Apology(Socrates' defenceof himself

6、 at the trial),Symposium(dealing with beauty and love),and the Republic(about the ideal state ruled by a philosopher but barring poets)理想國(guó).his philosophy is called Idealism.he and hid followers were early exponengts of

7、Materialism.C.Aristotle 亞里士多德 （the student of Plato)The tutor of Alexander the Macedonian King.Dante called him “the master of those who know“.He thought that idea and matter together made up concrete individual reali

8、ties,wich differed from Plato who hold that ideas had a higher reality than the physical world.He thought that the aim of man's life is happiness.His main works are Ethics,Politics,Poetics,and Rhetoric.His most influ

9、ential writing is Poetics,in which he defined tragedy thus:Tragedy is an imitation of action that is serious,complete,and of a certain magnitude.7.the Cynics 犬儒學(xué)派代表;Diogenes 第歐根尼Four schools: the Cynics , the Sceptic

10、s, the Epicureans and the Stoics.8.Greek architecture can be grouped into three styles: the doric style(多利斯柱 式）,the ionic style（小西亞柱式）,the corinthian style（科林斯式柱式）9.Virgil 維吉爾 the greatest of Latin poets,wrote the great

11、 epic,the Aencid. 10.中世界神學(xué)之父 A.Augustine 奧古斯丁 the Confession 《懺悔錄》 ， the City of God 《上帝之城》B.St .Thomas Aquinas 圣.托馬斯 阿歸納 Summa Theologiae 《神學(xué)大period called neo-classicism（新古典主義） ，the most prominent figures we

12、re pope,mozart,david,and so on.22.Montesquieu（孟德斯鳩） the first of the great French men of letters associated with the Enlightenment，he believed that the legislative,executive and judicial powers must be confided to

13、different individuals or bodies,acting independently.(三權(quán)分 立）the Spirit of the Law 《論法律之精神》 23.Rousseau (盧梭）A.the Origin of human Inequality 《論人類不平等起源》B.the New Heloise《新愛(ài)羅伊斯》C. Emile,or Education 《論教育》D.the Social Contr

14、act《社會(huì)契約論》E. The Confession 《懺悔錄》24..Denis Diderot 狄德羅 the editor of the Encyclopedie25.Jonathan Swift Gulliver's travels 《格列佛游記》26.Henry Fielding Father of the English novel 英國(guó)小說(shuō)之父The history of Tom Jones

15、 《湯姆.瓊斯》27.kant 康德三大批評(píng)《實(shí)踐理學(xué)批判》28.RomanticismRomanticism was a movement in literature ,philosophy,music, and art which developed in euorope in the late 18th and earli 19th centuries.it started from the ideas of rousseau

16、in france and from rhe storm and stress movement in germany.it failed to express man's emotional nature and overlooked his profound inner foerces. romanticism emphasized individual values and aspirations above those

17、 of society.it gave impetus to the national liberation movement in 19th -century europe.Th leading romantic writers were Blake,Wordsworth,Byron,Shelley and Keats hugo and so on.29.the Lakers 英國(guó)湖畔學(xué)派William Wordsworth Sa

18、muel Taylor ColeridgeRobert SoutheyWordsworth and Coleridge published lyrical ballads in 1798,the book had a preface proclaiming a new literary theory which held that “poetry is spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling

19、s recollected in tranquillity.“30.Victor Hugo Notre dame de paris 《巴黎圣母院》Miserables 《悲慘世界》31.Three Utopian socialists 三大空想主義思想家A.Robert Owen:English industrial and social reformer .he transformed new lanark,in whi