水化學(xué)專業(yè)詞匯集萃

1、AAbsorption - The holding of a substance within a solid by cohesive or capillary forces.Accumulator - A pulsation dampener installed on the suction and/or discharge lines of pumps, generally plunger type, to minimize pre

2、ssure surges and provide uniformity of flow.Accuracy - The closeness of agreement between an observed value and an accepted reference value. Where an accepted reference value is not available, a measure of the degree of

3、conformity of a value generated by a specific procedure to the assumed or accepted true value, and includes both precision and bias.Acetylation - Substitution of an acetyl radical for an active hydrogen. Specifically, fo

4、rmation of cellulose acetate from cellulose.Acidity - The quantitative capacity of aqueous media to react with hydroxyl ions.Activated Carbon - Granulated or powdered activated carbon used to remove tastes, odor, chlorin

5、e, chloramines, and some organics from water. A family of carbonaceous substances manufactured by processes that develop adsorptive properties.Adsorption - The holding of a substance onto the surface of a solid by chemic

6、al surface forces, without forming new chemical bonds.Aerobic Bacteria - Bacteria that require oxygen for growth, see Bacteria, aerobes.Aggregate - Granular material such as sand, gravel, crushed stone.Air Scour - Distri

7、buting air over the entire filter area at the bottom of a filter media flowing upward to improve the effectiveness of backwashing and/or to permit the use of lower backwash water flow rate.Algae - Any of a group of chief

8、ly aquatic mono cellular plants with chlorophyll often masked by a brown or red pigment.Alkalinity - The quantitative capacity of aqueous media to react with hydrogen ions. “M“ alkalinity is that which will react with ac

9、id as the pH of the sample is reduced to the methyl orange endpoint about 4.5. “P“ alkalinity is that which reacts with acid as the pH of the sample is reduced to the phenolphthalein end point of 8.3. “M“ is the total al

10、kalinity which is the sum of hydroxide plus carbonate plus bicarbonate contents; “P“ includes all the hydroxyl and half the carbonate content.Alum - Aluminum sulfate, Al2(SO4) 3XH2O (X=14-18), a coagulant.Ambient Tempera

11、ture - The temperature of the surroundings, typically 20o-25oC.Aramid - A fully aromatic polyamide.Array - An arrangement of devices connected to common feed, product and reject headers i.e. a 2:1 array.Asymmetric Membra

12、ne - Membrane which has a change in pore structure with depth. (See Anisotropic Membranes).ATD - See Anti Telescoping Device.Atomic Weight - The relative mass of an atom based on a scale in which a specific carbon atom (

13、carbon 12) is assigned a mass value of 12.ATP - Adenosine triphosphate.Autopsy - The dissection of a membrane module or element to investigate causes of unsatisfactory performance.Availability - The on-stream time or rat

14、ed operating capacity of a water treatment system.A-Value - Membrane water permeability coefficient. The coefficient is defined as the amount of water produced per unit area of membrane when net driving pressure (NDP) is

15、 unity, a unit of measurement is m3/hr/m2/kPa.AWWA - American Water Works Association.AWWARF - American Water Works Association Research Foundation.(Top) B Backwash - Reverse the flow of water w/wo air either across or t

16、hrough a medium or membrane designed to remove the collected foreign material from the bed or membranes.Bacteria - Any of a class of microscopic single-celled organisms reproducing by fission or by spores. Characterized

17、by round, rod-like spiral or filamentous bodies, often aggregated into colonies or mobile by means of flagella. Widely dispersed in soil, water, organic matter, and the bodies of plants and animals. Either autotrophic (s

18、elf-sustaining, self-generative), saprophytic (derives nutrition from non-living organic material already present in the environment), or parasitic (deriving nutrition from another living organism). Often symbiotic (adva