施工組織設(shè)計英文文獻

1、A new methodology for renewable and rational use of energy policy in building sector: Case study for the island of CreteE. Tsioliaridou *, G.C. BakosDemocritus University of Thrace, Department of Electrical and Computer

2、Engineering, Energy Economics Laboratory, 12 Vas. Sofias Str, 67100 Xanthi, GreeceReceived 29 March 2005; received in revised form 19 April 2005; accepted 5 June 2005AbstractThis paper discusses the future development of

3、 efficient energy policies with respect to building sector, using a new simulation computer model called INVERT. The building sector incorporates supply side systems (heating, domestic hot water (DHW) and cooling systems

4、) and Demand Side Management (DSM) measures. Simulation runs have been carried out up to 2020 for the Greek island of Crete based on sensitivity analyses for different building types, heating/cooling technologies and DHW

5、 systems. Promotion schemes for renewable energy sources (RES) and rational use of energy (RUE) are also implemented in the simulation model, since they have a strong impact on long-term financial investment strategies.

6、Transfer costs and CO2 emissions of various hypothesis scenarios about new or additional promotion schemes for energy conservation in residential buildings have been compared with a reference scenario for the island of C

7、rete. The outcome of this case study is presented and discussed in this paper. # 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Reference scenario; Renewable energy sources (RES); Rational use of energy (RUE)1. Introdu

8、ctionRenewable energy sources (RES) and rational use of energy (RUE) have been and are further supported in Europe in the last decades and a number of related research projects have been funded by EC [1,2]. The core obje

9、ctives of these projects (Green-X and Green-Net) were to facilitate a significantly increased electricity generation from RES in a liberalised electricity market with minimal costs for European citizens. The major outcom

10、e of these two projects was a simulation software containing a comprehensive database with potentials and costs of different RES technologies in EU countries. With respect to RUE in buildings, a methodology called Energy

11、 Performance and Indoor Environmental Quality Retrofit (EPIQR) has been developed as a result of a European research project, in the frame of the JOULEprogramme. EPIQR was the outcome of an audit which addressed four asp

12、ects of building refurbishment; energy consumption, indoor environmental quality issues, building construction and costing information. The building’s physical and functional state diagnosis of EPIQR was the basis of INV

13、ESTIMMO software tool which can be used to assess residential building renovation and refurbishment processes for selecting long-term financial investment strategies [3,4]. Case studies for the island of Crete have also

14、been reported previously [5,6]. The Regional Energy Agency of Crete (REAC), through a project called ‘‘Energy Manage- ment in Public Buildings’’ (within the PERU European program), carried out a feasibility study aiming

15、at demonstrating the rational use of energy possibilities in public buildings on the island. In addition to this project, REAC, in cooperation with the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), implemented a plan i

16、n order to cover the additional electricity demand on the island in a sustainable way. This was achieved providing the electricalwww.elsevier.com/locate/enbuildEnergy and Buildings 38 (2006) 196–206* Corresponding author

17、. E-mail address: etsiolia@ee.duth.gr (E. Tsioliaridou).0378-7788/$ – see front matter # 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2005.06.003The selection of the system is independent of the DHW syst

18、ems [9].3.2. Domestic hot water (DHW) systemsUseful energy demand for domestic hot water UEDHW (kWh) is calculated from the daily water consumption per person QDHW (l/(p d)), density of water rwa (kg/l), the number of pe

19、rsons living in the building NPb, the specificheat capacity of water cwa (kJ/(kg K)) and the temperature difference thw ? tcw (K):UEDHW ¼ QDHWNPbcwarwaðthw ? tcwÞ 3653600 (3)For the calculation of final en

20、ergy, demand for domestic hot water FEDHW (kWh), the annual efficiency of the system h has to be considered. The service factor fs determines technology specific deviations from the average hot waterE. Tsioliaridou, G.C.