簡(jiǎn)介：分類號(hào)分類號(hào)學(xué)號(hào)學(xué)號(hào)M201274491學(xué)校代碼學(xué)校代碼10487密級(jí)密級(jí)碩士學(xué)位論文碩士學(xué)位論文休謨道德哲學(xué)中的“道德感”研究休謨道德哲學(xué)中的“道德感”研究學(xué)位申請(qǐng)人學(xué)位申請(qǐng)人何鑫學(xué)科專業(yè)學(xué)科專業(yè)倫理學(xué)倫理學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)教師韓東屏韓東屏教授教授答辯日期答辯日期2015527獨(dú)創(chuàng)性聲明獨(dú)創(chuàng)性聲明本人聲明所呈交的學(xué)位論文是我個(gè)人在導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。盡我所知，除文中已經(jīng)標(biāo)明引用的內(nèi)容外，本論文不包含任何其他個(gè)人或集體已經(jīng)發(fā)表或撰寫過的研究成果。對(duì)本文的研究做出貢獻(xiàn)的個(gè)人和集體，均已在文中以明確方式標(biāo)明。本人完全意識(shí)到本聲明的法律結(jié)果由本人承擔(dān)。學(xué)位論文作者簽名日期年月日學(xué)位論文版權(quán)使用授權(quán)書學(xué)位論文版權(quán)使用授權(quán)書本學(xué)位論文作者完全了解學(xué)校有關(guān)保留、使用學(xué)位論文的規(guī)定，即學(xué)校有權(quán)保留并向國家有關(guān)部門或機(jī)構(gòu)送交論文的復(fù)印件和電子版，允許論文被查閱和借閱。本人授權(quán)華中科技大學(xué)可以將本學(xué)位論文的全部或部分內(nèi)容編入有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行檢索，可以采用影印、縮印或掃描等復(fù)制手段保存和匯編本學(xué)位論文。保密□，在年解密后適用本授權(quán)書。不保密□。（請(qǐng)?jiān)谝陨戏娇騼?nèi)打“√”）本論文屬于

簡(jiǎn)介：休謨哲學(xué)中的概率思想研究摘要本文是基于休謨1739年出版的人性論第■卷第三部分“OFKNOWLEDGEANDPROBABILITY在關(guān)文運(yùn)的譯作中被翻譯為‘論知識(shí)和概然推斷’”的解讀和分析一‘、‘來全面闡述休謨哲學(xué)中的概率思想，以及休謨概率思想研究的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。并指出，休謨哲學(xué)對(duì)概率本質(zhì)界定的推進(jìn)及休謨對(duì)于概率的分類，都具有重要的理論價(jià)值。首先，就概率本質(zhì)而言，無論是數(shù)理概率還是或然性問題，本質(zhì)上都是由已知事件來預(yù)測(cè)未知結(jié)果，區(qū)別僅僅在于我們?nèi)绾谓缍ㄎ粗Ｆ浯?，休謨?duì)概率問題的思考在他的整個(gè)哲學(xué)思想中扮演十分重要的角色。他通過對(duì)“已知”范圍的界定和對(duì)因果關(guān)系的梳理，將概率PROBABILITY分為機(jī)會(huì)CHANCE概率與原因CAUSE概率，并認(rèn)為對(duì)機(jī)會(huì)概率的研究是為了引出對(duì)原因概率的探討。之后，休謨將原因概率分為三類，其中第二類非恒常結(jié)合的原因概率揭示了一種新的概率思想我們所計(jì)算出的所有的概率，都只是對(duì)已知結(jié)果的描述，人類能夠預(yù)測(cè)未知結(jié)果的唯一可能是找出所有影響結(jié)果的原因。同時(shí)，休謨認(rèn)為，傳統(tǒng)因果關(guān)系中的由“己知推測(cè)出未知”的確定性實(shí)際上是不存在的；與之相反，曾被認(rèn)為神秘莫測(cè)的“機(jī)會(huì)”實(shí)際上是披著不確定性外衣的潛在的“原因”。在此基礎(chǔ)之上，本文論述了概率思想在休謨所試圖建立的人性科學(xué)中扮演的角色。無論是從懷疑主義哲學(xué)、關(guān)于神跡的論證以及關(guān)于道德的論述上，概率思想是一條貫穿始終的主線。本文主要有三個(gè)方面的寫作意義第一，本文在國內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)綜述的基礎(chǔ)上，全面闡述休謨概率思想的來龍去脈，為休謨概率思想的解讀提供了歷史資料；第二，本文為解讀“休謨問題”提供了新的視角并對(duì)概率思想本質(zhì)的界定做出了討論。第三，論述了休謨概率的現(xiàn)實(shí)指導(dǎo)意義，給休謨概率提供了詳細(xì)的歷史背景和理論沿襲。本文共分為六章，各章的要點(diǎn)如下第1章，緒論部分。介紹了休謨概率的研究意義，國內(nèi)外休謨概率的研究現(xiàn)狀以及本文擬采用的文獻(xiàn)和方法。PROBABILITYOFHUME’PHILOSOPHYABSTRACTTHETHESISISAREASEARCHONTHEFIRSTPARTOFATREATISEOFHUMANNUTARE,WHICHPUBLISHEDN1739WRITTENBYDAVIDHUME．WHICHCOMPREHENSIVELYEXPOUNDEDHISPHILOSOPHYOFPROBABILITYTHINKINGANDPRACTICALSIGNIFICANCEPROBABILITYHUMETHOUGHTTHESTUDY．ANDPOINTEDOUTTHATHUMEPROBABILITYOFADVANCINGTHENATUREANDMEANINGOFTHEPROBABILITYOFCLASSIFICATIONFORHUME，HAVEIMPORTANTTHEORETICALVALUE．FIRST，THEPROBABILITYOFNATURE，WHETHERITISTHEMATHEMATICALPROBABILITYORCONTINGENTSSUESAREESSENTIALLYUNKNOWNFROMTHEKNOWNTOPREDICTTHERESULTSOFTHEEVENT．THEONLYDIFFERENCELIESINHOWWEDEFINETHEUNKNOWN．SECONDLY，HUME’STHINKINGONTHEPROBLEMOFPROBABILITYPLAYSAVERYIMPORTANTROLEINHISENTIREPHILOSOPHICALTHOUGHT．HEPASSEDONA”KNOWN”TODEFINETHESCOPEANDSORTOFCAUSALITY，THEPROBABILITYINTOCHANCEPROBABILITYANDCAUSETHEPROBABILITYANDTHEPROBABILITYTHATTHESTUDYOFTHEOPPORTUNITYTOLEADTHECAUSEOFPROBABILITYEXPLORED。AFTERTHAT，THEREASONWILLBEDIVIDEDINTOTHREECATEGORIESPROBABILITYHUME，THEREASONTHEPROBABILITYOFTHESECONDCLASSOFNONREGULARCOMBINATIONREVEALSANEWPROBABILISTICTHINKINGALLPROBABILITYWEHAVECALCULATED，THERESULTSAREONLYKNOWNDESCRIPTIONOFHUMANABLETOPREDICTTHEUNKNOWNOUTCOMEISONLYPOSSIBLETOIDENTIFYTHECAUSEOFALLAFFECTTHEOUTCOME．MEANWHILE，HUMEBELIEVESTHATTRADITIONALCAUSATIONBYA”KNOWNUNKNOWNINFERRED”CERTAINTYDOESNOTACTUALLYEXIT；CONTRAST，WASCONSIDEREDMYSTERIOUS”O(jiān)PPORTUNITY?！疘SACTUALLYDRESSEDUNCERTAINTYPOTENTIAL”CAUSE”COAT．ONTHISBASIS，THISPAPERDISCUSSES

簡(jiǎn)介：安徽大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文伊壁鳩魯派的政治哲學(xué)思想姓名胡思勝申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)外國哲學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師陳義平20070501關(guān)鍵詞政治哲學(xué)政治自由社會(huì)契約II

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簡(jiǎn)介：授予單位代碼II學(xué)號(hào)或申請(qǐng)?zhí)栆籌密級(jí)鄭州大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文論文題目?jī)r(jià)值理性的哲學(xué)考察與當(dāng)代重建作者姓名學(xué)科門類專業(yè)名稱導(dǎo)師姓名、職稱孫少偉哲學(xué)馬克思主義哲學(xué)李文成教授二零零五年五月ABSTRACTBEINGTHECONSCIENTIOUSCONSCIOUSNESSTHATLIFEMOVEASVALUEINPEOPLE，VALUEREASONSTANDSONACTUALLIFEWORLDANDBYWAYOFULTIMATECARE，ITEXAMINESCLOSELYTHINK，HASUNDERONE’SCOMMANDANDTAKESCAREOFPEOPLE’SVALUEACHIEVELIFE．ITCOMESFROM，GUIDESANDPRODUCESINTHISPRACTICEOFPEOPLE’SACHIEVELIFE．THOUGHVALUEREASONPERMEATESINPEOPLE’SEVERYBEHAVIOROFPRACTICING，BECAUSEOFTHEMODEOFTHINKINGOFTHETRADITIONALENTITY’SDOCTRINE．ANDTHEDRIVEOFNARROWCLASSINTERESTS，THEINHERENTSTRUCTUREOFREASONSCIENTIFICREASONANDVALUEREASON一GRADUALLYLOSESITSTENSIONMECHANISM．REASONTOOLSANDTECHNICALIZEGRADUALLY．V甜UEREASONISREPELLEDANDHASBEENMOVEDTOWARDSLOSING．PEOPLE’SPRACTICEBEHAVIORDEVIATESFROMITSTRACKANDHASMOVEDTOWARDSONE’SOWNREVERSESIDE．THEDEVELOPMENTOFPEOPLEANDTHESOCIETYHAVEFALLENINTOTHEOVERALLCRISIS．MARX’SPHILOSOPHYSTARTEDTHEREVOLUTIONARYCHANGEOFTHEACTUALLIFEFIELDANDOPENEDTHEPROCESSOFTHEWORLDHISTORY．WITHTHEMATURITYOFTHECONSCIOUSNESSOFHUMANSUBJECT，VALUEREASONISBECOMINGPOSSIBLEINCONTEMPORARYRECONSTRUCTION．THISTEXT，BASINGONREALLYREALISTICSUBJECTCONSCIOUSNESSISEXACTLYTRYINGHARDTOREBUILDVALUEREASON，SOASTOENSURETHEFULLNESSANDHARMONYOFHUMANCULTURALLIFEWORLDANDTOREALIZETHESCIENTIFICDEVELOPMENTIDEAANDTHEHUMANIZATIONOFTHEDEVELOPMENTPATH．THUSWECANREALIZETHEIDEALOFPEOPLE’SDEVELOPMENTINANALLROUNDANDFREEDOMWAY．THISTHESISCONSISTSOFTHREEPARTSPART1ITISABOUTVALUEREASON’SORIGINALITYANDPRODUCING．BYINVESTIGATINGANDANALYZING，WEDEFINETHEVALUEREASONANDFINDTHEOBIECTIVEFOUNDATIONOFRECONSTRUCTION．PART2BYINVESTIGATINGTHESPROUTINGANDDEDUCTIONOFTHEVALUEREASONAMONGREALISTICHISTORY,ANDANALYZINGTHEORIGINOFITSLOSING,WESUMMARIZETHEEXPERIENCESANDLESSONSTOREBUILDTHEVALUEREASONUNDERTHEGUIDANCEOFMARXISTPHILOSOPHY．PART3WEHAVEPUTFORWARDSEVERALWAYSTOREBUILDVALUEREASONINCONTEMPORARYANDMARXISMPHILOSOPHY．WITHTHEARRIVALOFTHEWORLDHISTORYANDMATURITYOFAKINDOFSUBJECTCONSCIOUSNESS，WEBELIEVEFIRMLY,WHATWEWOULDSAWISCONSTANTSCIENTIFICPROCESSANDHUMANIZATIONOFTHEPRACTICEIDEAOFTHEPERSONUNDERONE’SCOMMANDBYVALUEREASON．KEYWORDSVALUEREASON，CONSCIOUSNESSOFSUBJECT，DEVELOPMENTCONCEPTION，RPCONSTRL】CTIONⅡ

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簡(jiǎn)介：論文指導(dǎo)小組成員劉放桐教授汪堂家教授俞吾金教授黃頌杰教授張慶熊教授張汝倫教授陳學(xué)明教授莫偉民教授余碧平教授汪行福教授中文摘要?ABSLRACT目錄導(dǎo)論道德自我以及哲學(xué)的任務(wù)第一章道德自我問題在杜威道德哲學(xué)中的展開．第一節(jié)杜威觀念論時(shí)期的“道德自我”概念1316第二節(jié)實(shí)用主義的倫理學(xué)時(shí)期的“道德自我”觀念????22第三節(jié)“新”道德哲學(xué)中的“道德自我”概念第二章道德情境和道德自我及其發(fā)展第一節(jié)道德自我和道德情境第二節(jié)道德自我及其功能第三節(jié)道德自我的發(fā)展及其條件第三章德性論視角下的“道德自我”第一節(jié)道德自我及其德性?第二節(jié)道德自我與公共問題?．結(jié)論作為一種教育目標(biāo)的“道德自我”附錄杜威的生平及其著作?????．主要參考文獻(xiàn)后記??????????102拍弛∞∞釘加“陽盯蛞鰓

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