簡介：英文原文COMBINEDADAPTIVEFILTERWITHLMSBASEDALGORITHMSABSTRACTACOMBINEDADAPTIVEFILTERISPROPOSEDITCONSISTSOFPARALLELLMSBASEDADAPTIVEFIRFILTERSANDANALGORITHMFORCHOOSINGTHEBETTERAMONGTHEMASACRITERIONFORCOMPARISONOFTHECONSIDEREDALGORITHMSINTHEPROPOSEDFILTER,WETAKETHERATIOBETWEENBIASANDVARIANCEOFTHEWEIGHTINGCOEFFICIENTSSIMULATIONSRESULTSCONFIRMTHEADVANTAGESOFTHEPROPOSEDADAPTIVEFILTERKEYWORDSADAPTIVEFILTER,LMSALGORITHM,COMBINEDALGORITHM,BIASANDVARIANCETRADEOFF1．INTRODUCTIONADAPTIVEFILTERSHAVEBEENAPPLIEDINSIGNALPROCESSINGANDCONTROL,ASWELLASINMANYPRACTICALPROBLEMS,1,2PERFORMANCEOFANADAPTIVEFILTERDEPENDSMAINLYONTHEALGORITHMUSEDFORUPDATINGTHEFILTERWEIGHTINGCOEFFICIENTSTHEMOSTCOMMONLYUSEDADAPTIVESYSTEMSARETHOSEBASEDONTHELEASTMEANSQUARELMSADAPTIVEALGORITHMANDITSMODIFICATIONSLMSBASEDALGORITHMSTHELMSISSIMPLEFORIMPLEMENTATIONANDROBUSTINANUMBEROFAPPLICATIONS1–3HOWEVER,SINCEITDOESNOTALWAYSCONVERGEINANACCEPTABLEMANNER,THEREHAVEBEENMANYATTEMPTSTOIMPROVEITSPERFORMANCEBYTHEAPPROPRIATEMODIFICATIONSSIGNALGORITHMSA8,GEOMETRICMEANLMSGLMS5,VARIABLESTEPSIZELMSVSLMS6,7EACHOFTHELMSBASEDALGORITHMSHASATLEASTONEPARAMETERTHATSHOULDBEDEFINEDPRIORTOTHEADAPTATIONPROCEDURESTEPFORLMSANDSASTEPANDSMOOTHINGCOEFFICIENTSFORGLMSVARIOUSPARAMETERSAFFECTINGTHESTEPFORVSLMSTHESEPARAMETERSCRUCIALLYINFLUENCETHEFILTEROUTPUTDURINGTWOADAPTATIONPHASESTRANSIENTANDSTEADYSTATECHOICEOFTHESEPARAMETERSISMOSTLYBASEDONSOMEKINDOFTRADEOFFBETWEENTHEQUALITYOFALGORITHMPERFORMANCEINTHEMENTIONEDADAPTATIONPHASESWEPROPOSEAPOSSIBLEAPPROACHFORTHELMSBASEDADAPTIVEFILTERPERFORMANCEIMPROVEMENTNAMELY,WEMAKEACOMBINATIONOFSEVERALLMSBASEDFIRFILTERSWITHDIFFERENTPARAMETERS,ANDPROVIDETHECRITERIONFORCHOOSINGTHEMOSTSUITABLEALGORITHMFORDIFFERENTADAPTATIONPHASESTHISMETHODMAYBEAPPLIEDTOALLTHELMSBASEDALGORITHMS,ALTHOUGHWEHERECONSIDERONLYSEVERALOFTHEMTHEPAPERISORGANIZEDASFOLLOWSANOVERVIEWOFTHECONSIDEREDLMSBASEDALGORITHMSISGIVENINSECTION2SECTION3PROPOSESTHECRITERIONFOREVALUATIONANDCOMBINATIONOFADAPTIVEALGORITHMSSIMULATIONRESULTSAREPRESENTEDINSECTION42LMSBASEDALGORITHMSBASEDALGORITHMINTHATSENSE,INTHEANALYSISTHATFOLLOWSWEWILLASSUMETHATDEPENDSONLY2?ONTHEALGORITHMTYPE,IEONITSPARAMETERSANIMPORTANTPERFORMANCEMEASUREFORANADAPTIVEFILTERISITSMEANSQUAREDEVIATIONMSDOFWEIGHTINGCOEFFICIENTSFORTHEADAPTIVEFILTERS,ITISGIVENBY,3??KTKKVVEMSD???LIM3COMBINEDADAPTIVEFILTERTHEBASICIDEAOFTHECOMBINEDADAPTIVEFILTERLIESINPARALLELIMPLEMENTATIONOFTWOORMOREADAPTIVELMSBASEDALGORITHMS,WITHTHECHOICEOFTHEBESTAMONGTHEMINEACHITERATION9CHOICEOFTHEMOSTAPPROPRIATEALGORITHM,INEACHITERATION,REDUCESTOTHECHOICEOFTHEBESTVALUEFORTHEWEIGHTINGCOEFFICIENTSTHEBESTWEIGHTINGCOEFFICIENTISTHEONETHATIS,ATAGIVENINSTANT,THECLOSESTTOTHECORRESPONDINGVALUEOFTHEWIENERVECTORLETBETHEI?THWEIGHTINGCOEFFICIENTFORLMSBASEDALGORITHMWITHTHECHOSEN??QKWI,PARAMETERQATANINSTANTKNOTETHATONEMAYNOWTREATALLTHEALGORITHMSINAUNIFIEDWAYLMSQ≡Μ,GLMSQ≡A,SAQ≡ΜLMSBASEDALGORITHMBEHAVIORISCRUCIALLYDEPENDENTONQINEACHITERATIONTHEREISANOPTIMALVALUEQOPT,PRODUCINGTHEBESTPERFORMANCEOFTHEADAPTIVEALGORITHMANALYZENOWACOMBINEDADAPTIVEFILTER,WITHSEVERALLMSBASEDALGORITHMSOFTHESAMETYPE,BUTWITHDIFFERENTPARAMETERQTHEWEIGHTINGCOEFFICIENTSARERANDOMVARIABLESDISTRIBUTEDAROUNDTHE,WITH??KWIANDTHEVARIANCE,RELATEDBY4,9????QKWBIASI,2Q?,4????????QIIIQKWBIASKWQKW?????,,WHERE4HOLDSWITHTHEPROBABILITYPΚ,DEPENDENTONΚFOREXAMPLE,FORΚ2ANDAGAUSSIANDISTRIBUTION,PΚ095TWOSIGMARULEDEFINETHECONFIDENCEINTERVALSFOR??9,4,,QKWI5????????QIQIIQKWKQKWKD???2,,2,???THEN,FROM4AND5WECONCLUDETHAT,ASLONGAS,,????QIQKWBIAS???,????KDKWII?INDEPENDENTLYONQTHISMEANSTHAT,FORSMALLBIAS,THECONFIDENCEINTERVALS,FORDIFFERENTOFSQ?THESAMELMSBASEDALGORITHM,OFTHESAMELMSBASEDALGORITHM,INTERSECTWHEN,ONTHEOTHERHAND,THEBIASBECOMESLARGE,THENTHECENTRALPOSITIONSOFTHEINTERVALSFORDIFFERENTAREFARSQ?APART,ANDTHEYDONOTINTERSECTSINCEWEDONOTHAVEAPRIORIINFORMATIONABOUTTHE,WEWILLUSEASPECIFIC????QKWBIASI,STATISTICALAPPROACHTOGETTHECRITERIONFORTHECHOICEOFADAPTIVEALGORITHM,IEFORTHEVALUESOFQTHECRITERIONFOLLOWSFROMTHETRADEOFFCONDITIONTHATBIASANDVARIANCEAREOFTHESAMEORDEROF

簡介：畢業(yè)設計論文外文資料翻譯系部部機械工程系專業(yè)業(yè)機械工程及自動化姓名名學號號外文出處外文出處OPTIMALPROCESSPLANNINGFORACOMBINEDPUNCHANDLASERCUTTINGMACHINEUSINGANTCOLONYOPTIMIZATION附件件1外文資料翻譯譯文；2外文原文。指導教師評語譯文基本能表達原文思想,語句基本通順,條理基本清楚,專業(yè)用語翻譯得基本準確,基本上符合中文語法,整體翻譯質量較好。簽名年月日注注請將該封面與附件裝訂成冊。叫復式機床（KATAYAMA,1989年和ABXIE等人，2001年）或者組合式?jīng)_壓和激光切割機（KLINGEL和DOETTLING2000年）。在這篇文章里，這種機器被叫做沖壓激光組合機床。在1980年，第一臺沖壓激光組合機床被發(fā)明了（克拉克和羅蘭，1980年），后來，人們又申請了一系列的有關克服其振動干擾的問題的專利（BREDOW1982年,KATAYAMA1989年,KLINGEL和DOETTLING1990年,ULRISH2000年），使之漸漸成熟起來。隨著如各種各樣的專利中所描述的機床詳細結構的變化，沖壓激光組合機床，大體上就是將沖壓工具和激光切割機整合到一臺機器上了?，F(xiàn)在有些機床可以允許將沖壓系統(tǒng)分離出激光切割系統(tǒng)，并且用一些常用的沖壓系統(tǒng)配上激光系統(tǒng)翻新改進成的組合機床將很穩(wěn)定（ULRISH2000年）。沖壓激光組合機床的優(yōu)點是多方面的。這樣的機床能提高傳統(tǒng)沖壓設備的性能以加工不規(guī)則形狀的大工件。它代表了機床的一個大的進展，能夠提供一種單一的、高速的、高精度的沖壓切割機床，其軌跡都是由一個終端自動控制器所控制的，而且工件之間的運動都是通過一個機械裝置完成的，以消除操作時引起的工件之間的不必要的滑動。在過去的二十多年里，工業(yè)的發(fā)展帶動了沖壓激光組合機床的發(fā)展。生產(chǎn)這種機床的公司包括明尼蘇達州的DALSIN工業(yè)公司，北卡羅來納州的LVD公司，康涅狄格州的通用制造公司，這些都在美國，還有德國的TRUMPF集團，美國加里福里亞州的AMADAAMERICA公司和芬蘭國際公司。圖1顯示的就是AMADAAMERICA公司擁有的組合機床。鑒于沖壓激光組合機床的性能，這種機床的工藝設計就變得更加復雜。然而，至今還沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)有關直接研究這種沖壓激光組合機床的工藝設計的文章，并且也沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)這種組合機床的最優(yōu)工藝設計。這與工業(yè)上機床的發(fā)展速度是不能相配合的。不過最近發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩個相關的研究，這些研究是關于激光沖壓機床的柔性制造單元的工藝設計（高希，等人，1993年）和車間優(yōu)化工序的模擬方法（安多，等人，1996年）。同時，以工藝設計為主題的研究有著悠久的歷史和卓越的成果。最近的一個具有總結性意義的研究是由李等人完成的。

簡介：中文中文4787字本科畢業(yè)論文本科畢業(yè)論文設計設計外文翻譯二〇一五年一月題目THEIMPACTOFMARKETINGMIXONATTRACTINGAUDIENCESTOTHECINEMA營銷組合對吸引觀眾到電影院的影響營銷組合對吸引觀眾到電影院的影響姓名學號專業(yè)市場營銷指導教師職稱?吸引伊朗觀眾進入電影院的渠道因素?吸引伊朗觀眾進入電影院的促銷因素研究方法研究方法目前的研究方法是應用性研究，使用的研究方法是描述性調(diào)查。這項研究的調(diào)查者是在此項調(diào)查期間去德黑蘭電影院觀看伊朗電影的觀眾。為實現(xiàn)研究目標，樣本通過系統(tǒng)性隨機抽樣獲取。人口數(shù)量是無限的，數(shù)據(jù)是有數(shù)量的，因此通過COLORANT公式方法決定樣本大小。公式輸出的結果是385，為了達到樣本規(guī)模，我們在德黑蘭5個電影院發(fā)放了500份問卷（在不同的地理區(qū)域（中部，北部，南部，東部和西部）隨機抽取的），已經(jīng)回收455份進行評估。問卷調(diào)查包含21個問題，每個問題都用李克特五分量表進行評估（分數(shù)由低到高）。為了確保調(diào)查結果的有效性，除了相關文獻的查閱，還包括對管理人員、顧問的訪問和專家意見法的使用。為了保證內(nèi)容效度的增加查閱相關文章和調(diào)查問卷，與管理人員和顧問，并使用專家意見咨詢進行。調(diào)查問卷的可靠性通過信度檢驗。其結果是0894，這說明該問卷調(diào)查結果是具有可靠性的。文獻和研究模型文獻和研究模型基于4P營銷組合和之前對電影業(yè)的研究，下列圖一的指標已經(jīng)被定為變量。

簡介：1中文中文6466字出處出處TAMURAY,KIKUCHIH,HIBIKQUASISTATICWINDLOADCOMBINATIONSFORLOWANDMIDDLERISEBUILDINGSJJOURNALOFWINDENGINEERINGINDUSTRIALAERODYNAMICS,2003,91S12–1516131625外文翻譯外文翻譯準靜態(tài)風荷載組合對低層建筑與中層建筑的作用YTAMURAA,,HKIKUCHIB,KHIBIBTOKYOPOLYTECHNICUNIVERSITY,1583IIYAMA,ATSUGI,KANAGAWA2430297,JAPANRESEARCHINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGY,SHIMIZUCORPORATION,3417,ETCHUJIMA，KOTOKU,TOKYO1358530,JAPAN摘要為了檢查風荷載組合，測量表面壓力波動這一措施被用在四個平屋頂式的矩形或方形建筑模型方案當中。脈動壓力集中作用在建筑模型所有的曲面上，得到的結果是作用于框架上的沿風力、跨風力、垂直力、沿風產(chǎn)生的傾覆力矩、跨風產(chǎn)生的傾覆力矩和傾扭力矩。檢驗了最大風作用力組合和其他同時觀測到的風作用力組合，而且在基于絕對值的相關性、相平面表達式的基礎上，一些關于風荷載作用組合的有趣事實也拿來被討論。為了直接檢查風荷載的組合效應，檢驗了簡單框架模型的各列成員的最大正應力。關鍵詞低層建筑；準靜態(tài)風荷載；順風力；垂直風向力；扭矩；荷載組合；風力相關性；內(nèi)力；正應力1介紹捕獲最大風力的必要性最開始是由達文波特作為陣風系數(shù)而介紹引入的的。在最大風荷載效應概念的基礎上，達文波特首先論述了作用在低高層建筑上的風荷載效應的可靠性，并提出了一些重要的評估因素。他的論文強調(diào)了更為尖端的估算風荷載對低層建筑的作用的重要性。維克利等也論述了關于在艾爾斯伯里試驗的低層房屋中原物尺寸與風洞的聯(lián)系。何等人論述了現(xiàn)實中的環(huán)境對各種低層建筑形式上的風荷載的作用。整合一建筑物所有表面上的風壓力，結果得到作用在其框架上的沿風力、跨風力、垂直力、沿風產(chǎn)生的傾覆力矩、跨風產(chǎn)生的傾覆力矩和扭力矩。為了反映建筑物結構設計中的實際最大荷載效應，應考慮這些風荷載效應分支的組合。然而，風荷載組合效應尚未得到充分研究。盡管沿風力和跨風力荷載的組合已經(jīng)被考慮了，例如墨爾本大學的維克利、巴蘇、索拉里和帕格尼尼主要對高層建筑和結構物的表現(xiàn)進行研究。被人熟知的常識是沿風作用力的波動是由接近建筑物的渦流所產(chǎn)生的，但跨風力和扭力矩波動的主要原因是渦流脫落。因此，人們認為跨風力和扭力矩也是3圖1風洞模型于低層建筑模型，對冪指數(shù)分別為1/4和1/6的湍流，在十分鐘長度滿量程轉換中各分析了的154個和110個樣品。對于中層建筑模型，各分析了28個和7個樣品。壓力測量系統(tǒng)的增益和相位特性會數(shù)字化補償油管的影響。順便說明，對于低層建筑模型，分析了大量的樣本，因為它也是為了用于檢驗全部的平均瞬時壓力模式導致的極端風荷載作用。3準靜風荷載作用力脈動壓力被整合用以獲得準靜態(tài)風荷載作用力FD和FL；垂直升降力FT，地基傾覆力矩MD和ML，以及地基扭轉力矩MT。根據(jù)高度等的平均流速壓力QH，上述數(shù)據(jù)都以非三維的形式表示，沿風作用力系數(shù)CD等于FD除以QHBH，跨風力系數(shù)CL等于FL除以QHBH，而且扭轉彎矩系數(shù)CMT在風向是零度時等于MT除以QHBHR，此處R等于（B2D2）1/2再除以2。當一簡單框架中一列的各個拐角已假定時，上述幾個風力系數(shù)，對于沿風方向下、跨風方向和垂直對角線方向下一列矢量荷載效應（剪力，彎矩）是各自按照比例的。因此，這三個量可以直接比較。由于沿風彎矩和跨風彎矩僅是按比例對應于沿風組合FD標量和以及跨風組合FL標量和而非矢量的總和，故在節(jié)選的一列成員上最大正應力值要加以強調(diào)。4地基準靜態(tài)荷載效應組合圖2顯示的是一份在滿量程變化中十分鐘樣本的三種風力組合的時間變化的例子。因為本文中論述的瞬時風作用力組合是根據(jù)好幾點脈動壓力的空間組合得到的，空間場的影響消除了隨機的噪音以及風作用力的范圍顯示其從合理平穩(wěn)順利過渡到一個高頻區(qū)域。即其中一個風作用力的最大值。CD，CL和CMT，被選中而且其他兩個同時記錄下來的風作用力被錄用了。當沿風力的最大值CDMAX在

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簡介：SEEDISCUSSIONS,STATS,ANDAUTHORPROFILESFORTHISPUBLICATIONATHTTPS//WWWRESEARCHGATENET/PUBLICATION/273025406INFLUENCEOFSKEWANGLEONCONTINUOUSCOMPOSITEGIRDERBRIDGEARTICLEINJOURNALOFBRIDGEENGINEERINGJULY2012DOI101061/ASCEBE194355920000273CITATIONS4READS62AUTHORS,INCLUDINGGHOLAMREZANOURIKHARAZMIUNIVERSITY42PUBLICATIONS41CITATIONSSEEPROFILEALLINTEXTREFERENCESUNDERLINEDINBLUEARELINKEDTOPUBLICATIONSONRESEARCHGATE,LETTINGYOUACCESSANDREADTHEMIMMEDIATELYAVAILABLEFROMGHOLAMREZANOURIRETRIEVEDON26AUGUST2016SPECIFICATIONSUNDERESTIMATEDTHEBENDINGMOMENTSBYASMUCHAS28FOREXTERIORGIRDERSINNORMALBRIDGESANDTHATFORASKEWANGLEOF60°,THEMAXIMUMMOMENTINTHEINTERIORGIRDERWASAPPROXIMATELY71OFTHATINANORMALBRIDGEHELBAANDKENNEDY1994TESTEDCONTINUOUSSKEWEDCOMPOSITEBRIDGESTODEFINECOLLAPSELOADSTHERESULTSWEREPRESENTEDFORBOTHSIMPLYSUPPORTEDANDCONTINUOUS,TWOSPAN,SKEWEDCOMPOSITEBRIDGESEBEIDOANDKENNEDY1996A,BINVESTIGATEDTHEINFLUENCEOFTHESKEWANGLE,ASWELLASOTHERDESIGNPARAMETERS,ONTHESHEARANDREACTIONDISTRIBUTIONFACTORSOFCONTINUOUS,TWOSPAN,COMPOSITESTEELCONCRETEBRIDGESKHALOOANDMIRZABOZORG2003,USINGTHEFINITEELEMENTANALYSISFEAMETHOD,ANALYZEDTHREEDIMENSIONAL3D,SIMPLYSUPPORTED,SKEWEDBRIDGESWITHVARIOUSSPANLENGTHS,SKEWANGLES,GIRDERSPACINGS,ANDARRANGEMENTSOFINTERNALTRANSVERSEDIAPHRAGMSTHEYSHOWEDTHATTHELOADDISTRIBUTIONFACTOROFEXTERIORGIRDERSWASREDUCEDBY24FORASKEWANGLEOF60°COMPAREDWITHNONSKEWEDBRIDGESINADDITION,THESTUDYSHOWEDTHESENSITIVITYOFTHELOADDISTRIBUTIONFACTORSOFTHEINTERIORGIRDERSWITHRESPECTTOTHESKEWANGLEFORDECKSWITHASKEWANGLEOF60°,THEDISTRIBUTIONFACTORSDECREASEDBY263COMPAREDWITHNONSKEWEDBRIDGESITWASCONCLUDEDTHATTHELOADDISTRIBUTIONFACTORSOFTHEAASHTOSTANDARDSPECIFICATIONSWEREUPTO431HIGHERTHANTHOSEFOUNDBYFEAKHALOOANDMIRZABOZORG2003SUGGESTEDTHATGIRDERLIVELOADDISTRIBUTIONFACTORSSHOULDBEREEVALUATEDFORSKEWEDBRIDGESHUANGETAL2004CARRIEDOUTFIELDTESTSANDTHEORETICALANALYSESUSINGFEAFORTWOSPANCONTINUOUSSLABONSTEELGIRDERCOMPOSITEBRIDGESWITHASKEWANGLEOF60°ASHEBOETAL2007STUDIEDTHEEFFECTOFDYNAMICLOADSONASKEWBOXGIRDERCONTINUOUSBRIDGEITWASFOUNDTHATTHEINFLUENCEOFSKEWINBOTHTHESTATICANDDYNAMICBEHAVIORSOFTHEBRIDGEWITHINTHESKEWANGLERANGEOF0°–30°WASVERYSMALLMENASSAETAL2007CONDUCTEDFEAONASIMPLYSUPPORTEDONESPANMULTILANESKEWREINFORCEDCONCRETESLABBRIDGETHEYCONCLUDEDTHATTHERATIOBETWEENTHEFEALONGITUDINALMOMENTSFORSKEWEDANDSTRAIGHTBRIDGESWASALMOST1FORBRIDGESWITHASKEWANGLELESSTHAN20°THISRATIODECREASEDTO075FORBRIDGESWITHSKEWANGLESBETWEEN30°AND40°,ANDFURTHERDECREASEDTO05ASTHESKEWANGLEOFTHEBRIDGEINCREASEDTO50°INTHOSESTUDIES,THEEFFECTSOFTRANSVERSEDIAPHRAGMARRANGEMENTANDSPANRATIOHAVENOTBEENCONSIDEREDINTHISPAPER,THEEFFECTOFTHESKEWANGLEANDOTHERDESIGNPARAMETERSONTHEBENDINGMOMENT,SHEARFORCE,ANDDISTRIBUTIONFACTOROFTWOSPANCONTINUOUSCOMPOSITESTEELCONCRETEBRIDGESARESTUDIEDUSINGFEATHERESULTSOFTHEFEAFORSKEWEDBRIDGESARECOMPAREDWITHTHEREFERENCESTRAIGHTBRIDGESASWELLASTHEAASHTOSTANDARDSPECIFICATIONSANDAASHTOLRFDSPECIFICATIONSINADDITION,THEACCURACYOFASIMPLEEQUATIONFORSKEWEDBRIDGESINAPREVIOUSSTUDYISEXAMINEDANDTHEEFFECTSOFTHETRANSVERSEDIAPHRAGMARRANGEMENTANDSPANRATIOARESTUDIEDSEVENTYTWOMODELCASESAREANALYZEDWITHVARIOUSSPANRATIOS1,155,AND182,SKEWANGLES0°–60°,ANDTWOARRANGEMENTSOFINTERNALTRANSVERSEDIAPHRAGMSDESCRIPTIONOFBRIDGEMODELSANDASSUMPTIONSTWOLANEBRIDGESWITHANOVERALLWIDTHOF118MWITHSIXISECTIONGIRDERSWERECONSIDEREDTHESTRUCTUREWASIDEALIZEDUSINGTHEFOLLOWINGASSUMPTIONS1THESKEWEDDECKSWERESLABONGIRDERANDCONSISTEDOFSIXSTEELISECTIONEDLONGITUDINALGIRDERSTHATARESPACEDAT2M,CENTERTOCENTER2ALLMATERIALSWEREELASTICANDHOMOGENEOUS3THEDECKSLABANDLONGITUDINALIGIRDERSWERESIMPLYSUPPORTEDATTHEABUTMENTANDWERECONTINUOUSOVERTHEPIERSTHELENGTHOFTHEFIRSTSPANWAS24M,WITHSPANRATIOSNSECONDSPANLENGTH/FIRSTSPANLENGTHOF1,155,AND182TWODIFFERENTARRANGEMENTSFORTHEINTERMEDIATETRANSVERSEDIAPHRAGMWERESTUDIEDINTHEFIRSTPATTERN,ATRANSVERSEDIAPHRAGMWASPERPENDICULARTOTHELONGITUDINALGIRDERSANDINTHESECONDONE,ATRANSVERSEDIAPHRAGMWASPARALLELTOTHESUPPORTINGLINEOFTHEDECKTHESKEWANGLEVARIED0–45°FORTHEFIRSTPATTERNAND0–60°FORTHEPARALLELONETHEGIRDERSWERESTEELISECTIONSWITHAHEIGHTOF2MANDSECTIONMODULUSOFSX?0046M3WEUSEDL808MMFORTHEXTYPEINTERMEDIATEDIAPHRAGMWITHATOPANDBOTTOMCORDCROSSFRAMEFORALLBRIDGES,25CMTHICKCONCRETEDECKSLABSOF30MPACOMPRESSIVESTRENGTHWEREUSEDANDWEREREINFORCEDONTHETOPANDBOTTOMBYA400MM2∕MAREAOFSTEELMESHEBEIDOANDKENNEDY1996A,BFIG1SHOWSTHECROSSSECTIONOFFINITEELEMENTMODELFEMANDTWOARRANGEMENTSOFTRANSVERSEDIAPHRAGMSFINITEELEMENTANALYSISMANYVARIATIONSHAVEBEENUSEDINTHELITERATURETOFORMULATETHEGIRDERSLABMODELHAYSETAL1986DEVELOPEDAMODELUSINGQUADRILATERALSHELLELEMENTSFORTHEBRIDGEDECKANDSPACEFRAMEELEMENTSFORTHEGIRDERSTHISTYPEOFMODELISSIMILARTOTHEECCENTRICBEAMMODELEXCEPTTHEELEMENTSARESIMPLYCONNECTEDATTHECENTEROFGRAVITYANDARIGIDLINKISNOTREQUIREDATRUEECCENTRICBEAMAPPROACHWASPRESENTEDBYIMBSENANDNUTT1978THEMODELUTILIZEDSHELLELEMENTSANDBEAMELEMENTSCONNECTEDBYRIGIDLINKSTOREPRESENTTHEDECKANDGIRDERS,RESPECTIVELYBROCKENBROUGH1986USEDADETAILEDBEAMAPPROACHANDDIVIDEDTHEBEAMINTOTHREEPARTSEACHFLANGEWASMODELEDASABEAMELEMENT,ANDTHEWEBWASMODELEDASASHELLELEMENTTHESLABUTILIZEDSHELLELE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簡介：出處MESKENDAHLSTHEINFLUENCEOFBUSINESSSTRATEGYONPROJECTPORTFOLIOMANAGEMENTANDITSSUCCESSACONCEPTUALFRAMEWORKJINTERNATIONALJOURNALOFPROJECTMANAGEMENT,2010,288807817中文7020字THEINFLUENCEOFBUSINESSSTRATEGYONPROJECTPORTFOLIOMANAGEMENTANDITSSUCCESSACONCEPTUALFRAMEWORKSASCHAMESKENDAHLTECHNISCHEUNIVERSIT?TBERLIN,CHAIRFORTECHNOLOGYANDINNOVATIONMANAGEMENT,GERMANYRECEIVED12MARCH2010RECEIVEDINREVISEDFORM25JUNE2010ACCEPTED29JUNE2010商業(yè)戰(zhàn)略對項目組合管理及項目組合成功影響的一個理論框架商業(yè)戰(zhàn)略對項目組合管理及項目組合成功影響的一個理論框架摘要與企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略構建相比，公司戰(zhàn)略實施面臨著更多的困難，為了消除公司戰(zhàn)略制定與戰(zhàn)略實施之間的差距，本文探究了商業(yè)戰(zhàn)略、項目組合管理、商業(yè)成功之間的關系，先前的研究為這些孤立的概念之間正相關系提供了一些證據(jù)，但是至今為止，還沒有一個連貫整體的理論框架來解釋從商業(yè)戰(zhàn)略到成功的整個過程，因此有關項目組合管理的研究都是戰(zhàn)略導向概念的延伸。本文在查閱大量文獻的基礎商業(yè)，提出一個考慮戰(zhàn)略導向、項目組合結果、項目組合成功、商業(yè)成功的全面的概念模型，這個模型今后可以用于企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略對項目組合管理和組合成功影響的實證研究，另外該模型在考慮其他因素條件下很容易延伸。1引言根據(jù)MANKINSANDSTEELE2005，公司只實現(xiàn)其戰(zhàn)略潛在價值的63，JOHNSON2004報道指出，66的公司戰(zhàn)略從來沒有被實現(xiàn)，當戰(zhàn)略的實施通常被認為戰(zhàn)略的墳墓而被忽略，研究的重點偏向于戰(zhàn)略的制定這個方面（GRUNDY,1998MORRISANDJAMIESON,2005）。但是就如HREBINIAK2006陳述的一樣，戰(zhàn)略的實施比戰(zhàn)略的制定面臨著更多的困難，這也恰是項目組合管理能夠發(fā)揮作用的地方，SHENHARETAL2001強調(diào)項目和項目組合是強有力的戰(zhàn)略武器，因此項目和項目組合常常被視為在特定戰(zhàn)略實施過程中的關鍵點CLELAND,1999DIETRICHANDLEHTONEN,2005GRUNDY,2000項目組合管理把公司內(nèi)部所有項目中同時進行的項目看做一個巨大的整體，在理論研究和實際應用中獲得越來越多的重視ARTTOANDDIETRICH,2004DIETRICHANDLEHTONEN,2005PATANAKULANDMILOSEVIC,2009。項目組合是在一個企業(yè)內(nèi)部共同享有和競爭有限資源的一系列項目ARCHERANDGHASEMZADEH,1999。目前文獻認為項目組合管理的重點在于項目的評估、優(yōu)先級定位和選擇與戰(zhàn)略一致的項目EGARCHERANDGHASEMZADEH,2004COOPERETAL,2001ENGLUNDAND目前，只有很少的研究從單一的角度探究了企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略、項目組合管理、商業(yè)成功之間的關系，MüLLERETAL2008認為在戰(zhàn)略導向的項目選擇與項目組合管理之間存在正相關系，一些其他的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)項目優(yōu)先級作為項目組合管理的一部分是一個成功的關鍵要素EGCOOPERETAL,1999ELONENANDARTTO,2003FRICKEETAL,2000。另外，一些研究發(fā)現(xiàn)項目組合對于商業(yè)成功也有積極的影響，但至今沒有一個理論框架來解釋從戰(zhàn)略計劃經(jīng)過項目組合管理到商業(yè)成功整個過程，筆者提出一個基于戰(zhàn)略導向、項目組合結構、項目組和成功、商業(yè)成功的理論框架，這里項目組合重點考慮分析的項目為公司內(nèi)部發(fā)起的項目、RWALKERANDRUEKERT,1987。本文依據(jù)VENKATRAMAN1989的提議提出了戰(zhàn)略導向的概念來評估企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略，戰(zhàn)略導向描述一個公司行為和業(yè)績的總體態(tài)勢，它克服應用分類方法EGMILESANDSNOW,1978PORTER,1980WRIGHTETAL,1995在評價公司戰(zhàn)略MORGANANDSTRONG,2003方面的廣泛局限性。在企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略和限制性條件下，項目組合結構是一個周期性過程在評估和選擇新的項目提案及正在進行的項目ARCHERANDGHASEMZADEH,1999。為了評價項目組合管理以及其影響，與單個項目相比，結果更應該可度量以及包含多個方面DIETRICHANDLEHTONEN,2005MARTINSUOANDLEHTONEN,2007。項目組合成功的評估常常依據(jù)多維度的評價指標（COOPERETAL2002），由于項目組合的周期性，項目組合管理需要提升整體業(yè)務，因此從近期和長期結果來看，商業(yè)成功應從項目組合管理概念基礎上進行考慮SHENHARETAL2001。圖1展示了本文的基本框架，它認為戰(zhàn)略導向對商業(yè)成功的影響通過項目組合結構和項目組合成功來作用的，同時，它也表明了戰(zhàn)略導向對項目組合結構和項目組和成功之間的關系具有調(diào)節(jié)作用。為了滿足現(xiàn)代公司EGS?DERLUND,2004的要求同時消除企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略制定與企

簡介：中文中文3560字畢業(yè)設計（論文）外文文獻翻譯畢業(yè)設計（論文）題目翻譯題目翻譯題目關于關于一種新型一種新型6自由度組合并聯(lián)機械臂自由度組合并聯(lián)機械臂的研究研究學院自動化學院自動化學院專業(yè)自動化自動化姓名班級學號指導教師指導教師圖一機械臂模型如果球關節(jié)被三個相交的單元旋量代替，那會有五個與3RRS型機械臂的每個臂聯(lián)系的旋量。因此存在一個特別的旋量與所有的關節(jié)旋量相反，它代表了一個力應用于空間關節(jié)中心的一個點和平行于轉動關節(jié)的軸。然后，然后,就會有三個約束力作用于移動平臺。通常來說，這三力旋量是異面和線性獨立的。所以可能的運動是順著正常固定的平臺的平移和關于某根線的空間二維旋轉，這種于東可以是三力旋量在同一時間相交。平面的3RRR型機械臂有三個自由度，包括平面二維的平移和一維旋轉。由于兩組合機械臂分別有不同的自由度，因此本文中所考慮的機械臂都擁有六個自由度。三、逆運動學三、逆運動學在圖二中給出了運動學的圖解示意圖。機械臂的所有關節(jié)都在圖中有所表示。這里有六個活動的可旋轉的關節(jié)變量，表示為ΘI和ΗI，這里I1,2,3。移動的坐標系{M}是在三角形P1P2P3的中心，坐標系{O}是在三角形C1C2C3的中心，而且基坐標系{O}被固定在地面上且原點同一樣{O}在初始條件狀態(tài)下，ΦI和ΖI是被動輔助關節(jié)角，可以被用來計算機仿真計算或者用于速度和動力學計算。如圖所示，鏈接的長度用1，L，A和B表示。

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